Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists can prevent cardiovascular events in patients with heart failure and non-severe chronic kidney disease, but their effects in patients with kidney failure requiring dialysis are uncertain. We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists in this patient population.

Efruxifermin is a bivalent fibroblast growth factor 21 analogue in development for the treatment of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). This trial aimed to prospectively assess the safety and efficacy of efruxifermin administration for 96 weeks in individuals with MASH and moderate (stage 2; F2) or severe (stage 3; F3) fibrosis.

No pharmacological therapy has been shown with certainty to improve the cardiovascular prognosis in patients with kidney failure on chronic haemodialysis. We aimed to investigate the effects of the steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist spironolactone on cardiovascular outcomes in patients on haemodialysis who are at high risk of cardiovascular events.

Patients undergoing maintenance dialysis for kidney failure are at substantial risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. We aimed to establish if spironolactone reduces heart failure and cardiovascular deaths in these patients.

Advancements over the past decade in understanding vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) inhibitors highlight their key role in the treatment of movement and neuropsychiatric disorders. VMAT2 is crucial for packaging neurotransmitters such as serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine into synaptic vesicles, facilitating their release and reuptake in synaptic transmission. VMAT2 inhibitors, such as tetrabenazine, deutetrabenazine, and valbenazine, show therapeutic efficacy in managing hyperkinetic movement disorders, including Huntington's disease, tardive dyskinesia, and Tourette's syndrome. These inhibitors modulate excessive synaptic activity by reducing neurotransmitter storage and release. Genetic variations, particularly in the cytochrome P450 enzyme family, influence VMAT2 inhibitor metabolism, necessitating personalised dosing to optimise efficacy and minimise adverse events. Recent studies have provided further structural insights into VMAT2 inhibition mechanisms, paving the way for the development of inhibitors with enhanced potency and selectivity. Leveraging pharmacogenetics for precision medicine and exploring VMAT2 inhibition in broader therapeutic contexts could revolutionise treatment frameworks for neurological and psychiatric conditions.

Rabies is almost invariably fatal. A rabies monoclonal antibody (RmAb) was approved in India in 2016 for passive prophylaxis. This post-marketing study aimed to evaluate the long-term safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of a post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) regimen containing RmAb.

Adagrasib is a KRASG12C inhibitor that demonstrated promising activity against KRASG12C-mutated advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in a phase 2 trial. Here we aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of adagrasib versus docetaxel in patients with KRASG12C-mutated advanced NSCLC previously treated with chemotherapy and immunotherapy.

In postmenopausal women with oestrogen receptor-positive early breast cancer, 5 years of adjuvant tamoxifen substantially reduces 15-year recurrence and mortality; aromatase inhibitor treatment (AIT) is even more effective. We assess the effects of further AIT among women recurrence-free after at least 5 years of endocrine therapy.