Prediction models determining expected outcomes are infrequently updated (ie, static), which may reduce accuracy and misclassify hospital performance over time. Dynamic models incorporate changes over time and may improve accuracy and fairness in hospital comparisons. This study evaluated whether dynamic updating, compared with a static model, altered hospital rankings and outlier detection among surgical aortic valve replacement patients.

Combining antiplatelet therapy (APT) with conventional anticoagulants increases the risk of bleeding. In the AZALEA-TIMI 71 trial (Safety and Tolerability of Abelacimab [MAA868] vs Rivaroxaban in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation), the novel factor XI inhibitor abelacimab significantly reduced the risk of bleeding compared with rivaroxaban in patients with atrial fibrillation. Whether the safety of combination antithrombotic therapy differs in the context of factor XI inhibition has not been well characterized.

Guided by long-term safety data for AAV5 (adeno-associated virus 5) in humans, our translational study investigated whether AAV5 effectively delivers genes to healthy and achieves therapeutic efficacy in dysfunctional human-sized hearts, using a clinically applicable mode of administration and vector dosages.

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a systemic process with contributions from peripheral factors, including skeletal muscle (SM). Age-associated SM loss and impaired energy metabolism occur without heart failure, but the relative importance of changes in SM quantity versus metabolic quality in patients with HFpEF for exercise intolerance (EI) or outcomes has not been studied. We hypothesized that EI and subsequent clinical outcomes across the adult lifespan in patients with HFpEF are related to impaired SM energy metabolism rather than age-associated SM loss.

Restricting certain patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) from exercise likely has negative cardiovascular effects and has not been shown to reduce the risk of sudden cardiac death. Promoting exercise in children with HCM is complex and requires knowledge of the environmental factors that impact exercise capacity in children with HCM.

Poor diet quality is a leading risk factor for cardiometabolic disease (ie, diabetes and diseases associated with metabolism and inflammation), which is present in about half of American adults. Support has grown for incorporating the provision of healthy food as a complement to or a component of clinical care. Such "Food Is Medicine" programs provide free or subsidized healthy food directly to patients in close coordination with the health care system. In this review, we systematically examined published randomized controlled trials examining Food Is Medicine programs in the United States, categorizing them into different stages of development using the National Institutes of Health Model for Behavioral Intervention Development. This review identified a total of 14 randomized controlled trials of Food Is Medicine interventions in the United States with noncommunicable disease outcomes, more than one-third of which were early-stage smaller-scale trials (stage 1 randomized controlled trials). Broad variations in populations enrolled; intervention design, duration, and intensity; and outcomes precluded many direct comparisons between studies. Randomized controlled trial data were generally consistent with findings in the observational literature, indicating that common Food Is Medicine approaches often positively influence diet quality and food security, which are theorized to be key mediators for clinical outcomes. However, the impact on clinical outcomes was inconsistent and often failed to reach statistical significance. These observations highlight the need for larger, higher-quality Food Is Medicine studies focusing on the measurement of clinical outcomes within well-designed programs and the need for additional randomized controlled trials that more systematically map out the relationship between participation in different types of Food Is Medicine programs and health outcomes.