Achieving optimal surgical margins is critical in breast-conserving surgery (BCS) to reduce local recurrence (LR) and the need for re-excision. This meta-analysis evaluated the impact of intraoperative margin optimization strategies on key surgical and oncologic outcomes in patients who underwent BCS.

Local treatment of pelvic Ewing Sarcoma (EWS) is czhallenging due to complex anatomy and potential complications. Local therapy may be deferred to maintain chemotherapy dose-intensity, but the impact of this delay on outcomes remains unclear.

At diagnosis, metastatic prostate cancer (PC) is sensitive to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), and patients are usually referred to as having castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC). The combination of ADT and androgen receptor pathway inhibitors (ARPI) is the current standard of care for mCSPC. This study aimed to review the literature on economic evaluations and health economic models related to mCSPC. A literature search was performed covering Medline, Embase, and Scopus with additional grey literature sources. Studies with data on health economic evaluations focusing on Europe or North America were relevant. 18 peer-reviewed articles and 10 grey literature documents were included. The majority (n = 23) had a deterministic Markov structure and applied either Markov cohort or partitioned survival models. Evaluations investigated various types of ADT-based combinations, comparing the addition of ARPI, chemotherapy agents, or radiation therapy to ADT alone. We concluded that economic evaluations in the field of PC are widely published, and there are a large number of publications even in the specific subgroup of mCSPC. Regardless of the investigated interventions, most studies applied similar methodologies and simulated patients from the mCSPC state until the development of mCRPC or death.

Machine learning (ML) applied to radiomics has revolutionized neuro-oncological imaging, yet the diagnostic performance of ML models based specifically on ^18F-FDG PET features in glioma remains poorly characterized.

Ovarian cancer is a lethal gynecological health issue, that poses a serious threat to women's health worldwide. The objective of this study was to provide a literature overview of the application of fluorescent tracers during surgical ovarian cancer treatment.

Perivascular epithelioid cell tumor (PEComa) of the pancreas is a rare tumor of pancreatic mesenchymal origin with malignant potential. Critical to appropriate clinical management is determining whether the tumor is benign or malignant. Because of its rarity, morphologic and histologic characteristics and limited patient follow-up of pancreatic PEComa have precluded precise definition of malignancy. However, because malignant pancreatic PEComa appears to be distinctly uncommon, further improvements characterizing its preoperative imaging features could facilitate use of diagnostic endoscopic ultrasound biopsy and perhaps ablative treatment. This paper presents a case of pancreatic PEComa treated at the Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College and includes a systematic literature review with special emphasis on the key imaging features of pancreatic PEComa.

Background/Objectives: The aim of our study was to evaluate clinical outcomes in patients with small pleomorphic adenoma (PA) after extracapsular dissection (ED) versus superficial parotidectomy (SP). Methods: Following the PRISMA guidelines, a systematic review covering the years from 1950 to 2025 was conducted using the Pubmed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Ovid MEDLINE and Embase databases. A single-arm meta-analysis was performed to evaluate intraoperative capsular rupture, recurrence, transient and permanent facial nerve palsy, Frey's syndrome, salivary fistula, seroma and hematoma of patients who underwent ED vs. those who underwent SP, and funnel plots were constructed to evaluate the robustness of the findings. Results: Of the 1793 identified papers, 21 articles met the inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis (2507 patients) reported the following: (1) the risk of recurrence is similar in patients treated with ED and SP; (2) the transient facial nerve palsy rate is lower after ED (p < 0.05), while the permanent facial nerve palsy rate is similar with ED and SP; (3) post-operative complications, especially Frey's syndrome (p < 0.05), are more common after SP. Conclusions: Given the similar recurrence rate and the lower morbidity compared to SP, ED could be considered the treatment of choice for pleomorphic adenomas of the parotid gland that are up to 3 cm in size, mobile and located in the superficial lobe of the parotid gland.

This review aims to provide a comprehensive description of the clinical presentation, treatment, and histopathological features of extrauterine sites of leiomyomatosis (ESL), such as disseminated peritoneal leiomyomatosis (DPL), parasitic myoma (PM), benign metastatic leiomyoma (BML), and intravascular leiomyoma (IVL). The impact of previous surgery (hysterectomy or myomectomy) on development of intra-abdominal extrauterine leiomyomas (IAELs) and extra-abdominal extrauterine leiomyomas (EAELs) has been evaluated.

Lung cancer (LC) is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, accounting for millions of deaths annually. Its major subtypes-lung squamous carcinoma (LUSC), lung adenocarcinoma, and small-cell LC-exhibit distinct risk factors and genetic susceptibilities, necessitating the use of subtype-specific biomarkers. Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were conducted using protein quantitative trait loci from the UK Biobank Pharma Proteomics Project and deCODE datasets. A robust analytical framework, including reverse MR, meta-analysis, summary-data-based MR tests, and colocalization, cisMR-cML, MR.CUE and phenotype scanning analyses were used to identify proteins associated with LC risk. We conducted a systematic review to contextualize our research findings. Follow-up analyses, including pathway enrichment, protein-protein interaction network analysis, and druggability evaluations, were used to explore the mechanisms and therapeutic potential of the identified proteins. Significant proteins were validated using population-level proteomic data from the UK Biobank (UKB). The results showed that twenty-five proteins were significantly associated with LC or its subtypes, including 15 novel findings. 60S ribosomal protein L14 (RPL14) and advanced glycosylation end-product-specific receptor (AGER) emerged as the strongest discovery, demonstrating consistent and significant associations across both MR and population-level analyses. RPL14 exhibited positive associations with overall LC risk (MR_meta: odds ratio [OR]: 2.012, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.297-3.119; UKB: OR: 1.509, 95% CI: 1.015-2.244). Similarly, AGER showed significant protective effects against LUSC risk (MR_meta: OR: 0.572, 95%CI: 0.368-0.889; UKB: OR: 0.366, 95% CI: 0.158-0.850). Pathway analysis revealed the involvement of these proteins in immune regulation and tumorigenesis. Among the 13 identified druggable targets, RPL14 and AGER showed therapeutic potential as approved or investigational drugs targeting these proteins. These findings offer new insights into the pathogenesis of LC and potential therapeutic targets.

There are multiple pathologic subtypes of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), each with distinct clinical prognoses. However, the available data on the clinicopathologic risks associated with several common PTC subtypes are controversial and require more comprehensive evaluation. To address this, we conducted a systematic search of English-language databases, including PubMed, EMbase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science, for studies on six PTC subtypes, including classic papillary thyroid carcinoma (CPTC), papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC), follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (FVPTC), tall cell variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (TCVPTC), diffuse sclerosing variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (DSVPTC), and columnar cell papillary thyroid carcinoma (CCVPTC). Our case-control study of clinicopathological prognostic analyses of six subtypes, with a search date of January 2000 to May 2024. Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted data, and assessed quality and risk of bias according to set criteria. R software gemtc package, Stata 15.1 software were applied to perform reticulated Meta-analysis methods were applied to compare the clinicopathological features and prognostic assessment of classic papillary thyroid carcinoma and the other five subtypes in all the studies.The risk of distant metastasis was higher in patients with CCVPTC, TCVPTC, and DSVPTC than in CPTC.FVPTC and PTMC exhibit a lower risk of in situ tumor relapse compared to CPTC. The tumour size of TCVPTC was significantly larger than that of CPTC, while there was no significant difference in the tumour size of CCV, DSV, FVPTC, CPTC and PTMC. DSVPTC was significantly more multifocal than the other subtypes. This network meta-analysis confirms the aggressive biological behavior and poor prognosis associated with TCVPTC, DSVPTC, and CCVPTC. Therefore, these subtypes should be managed aggressively with total thyroidectomy and lymph node dissection if diagnosed preoperatively. In contrast, FVPTC and PTMC are less aggressive and have a better prognosis, suggesting that treatment and follow-up strategies for PTC should be tailored according to the histopathological subtype.

Tislelizumab, a PD-1-targeting monoclonal antibody, can potentially treat advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Using pooled clinical data, this study evaluates Tislelizumab's efficacy and safety in advanced ESCC.

To evaluate the association between GSTP1 rs1695 A>G polymorphism and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk in an Iranian cohort, and to validate findings through a systematic review and meta-analysis.

This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) compared to CCRT alone in locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC).

To compare the clinical outcomes of thyroid artery embolization (TAE) in the treatment of thyroid nodules.

Small nucleolar RNA host gene 22 (SNHG22) is a novel long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) that functions as an oncogene and promotes the progression of various cancers. This pooled analysis aimed to clarify the prognostic role of SNHG22 in solid tumors and to explore its correlation with disease characteristics.

The evolution of technology and medicine has allowed for a considerable number of alternatives for treating medical issues, particularly those requiring invasive surgery. Thyroid nodules consisting of abnormal benign tissue are conventionally managed with surgery (lobectomy); however, advancements have introduced radiofrequency ablation as a method to manage these nodules. The two interventions have shown similar efficacies and no conclusive determination has been reported that proves which method (if any) has the lower recurrence rate. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis was designed to fill this information gap.

papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) as the most common thyroid tumor, tends to invade adjacent organs, especially lymphatic system. This study aimed to evaluate the discrimination performance of ultrasound elastography (USE) in assessing PTC nodule for determination of cervical lymph node metastasis (CLNM).

Background & objectives Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder affecting reproductive-age women worldwide. Lipid abnormalities, such as elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and triglyceride (TG) levels and reduced high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels, are commonly observed in women with PCOS, increasing their risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Therefore, this study aims to quantify the magnitude and pattern of lipid levels (total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and TG) in women with different phenotypes of PCOS versus control women. Methods Worldwide published observational (cross-sectional, case-control, and cohort) studies between January 2010 and December 2024 were systematically searched and assessed using electronic databases, such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Web of Science-Science Citation Index, where women suffering from different PCOS phenotypes were compared with non-PCOS controls. The association between lipid levels and PCOS was estimated by the mean difference (MD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Results The studies included 3655 PCOS patients (phenotype A 1907, phenotype B 474, phenotype C 764, phenotype D 510) and 1824 control participants. Women with the complete phenotype polycystic ovarian morphology plus hyperandrogenism plus ovulatory dysfunction (PCO+HA+O) had increased levels of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and TGs compared to women with other PCOS phenotypes. Total cholesterol was 12.69 mg/dl [95% confidence interval (CI): 8.25, 17.13] in phenotype A. TG levels exhibited the greatest MD in phenotype A and the smallest in phenotype C when compared to control subjects. Interpretation & conclusions The study found significant differences in lipid levels among different PCOS phenotypes compared to control women, highlighting the significance of recognising these differences for cardiovascular risk management.

Patients with advanced lung cancer are candidates for systemic therapies. In the context of improved tumor responses and prolonged survival periods, the treatment of tumor/therapy-related complications must be taken into account. Rescue surgery consists of a surgical resection without oncologic purpose but with the aim of controlling an acute and life-threatening complication. We evaluated the postoperative outcomes of patients with advanced stage lung cancer who underwent rescue surgery for tumor or therapy-related life-threatening complications. We conducted a systematic review of literature using PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar using following keywords: ("rescue surgery" or "salvage surgery" or "salvage lung resection") and ("lung cancer" or "non-small cell lung cancer" or "NSCLC" or "SCLC"). The primary outcome was overall survival. Secondary outcomes were the morbidity and mortality. Nine articles were included in our review for a total of 64 patients. The most common indications for rescue surgery were lung abscess, post-obstructive pneumonia, hemoptysis, and empyema. The lung resection consisted of lobectomy (n = 31, 48%), bilobectomy (n = 5, 8%), pneumonectomy (n = 11, 17%), sleeve pneumonectomy (n = 15, 23%), sleeve lobectomy (n = 1, 2%), and segmentectomy (n = 1, 2%). The mean overall survival was 12 months; the postoperative complication rate was 51%. No intraoperative deaths were observed. Rescue surgery is feasible for patients with advanced lung cancer and tumor/therapy-related life-threatening complications. Rescue surgery may allow access to ulterior systemic therapies; but the risk-benefit imbalance should always be taken into account, considering this as a last resort treatment.

This study aims to evaluate the association between IDO index and the prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC). We searched databases such as PubMed, to collect relevant English studies on the association between IDO level and the prognosis of CRC published before October 10, 2024. This meta-analysis included 11 studies involving 2068 patients. The results showed that IDO levels were not significantly correlated with OS in CRC patients (HR0.85, 95%CI 0.54-1.33, P = 0.488), but elevated IDO was associated with reduced disease-free survival (DFS) in CRC patients (HR 0.61, 95%CI 0.38-0.99, P = 0.044).Elevated IDO was significantly associated with the incidence of liver metastasis (HR 4.66, 95%CI 1.72-12.64, P = 0.003) and lymphatic infiltration (HR 2.75, 95%CI 1.52-4.97, P < 0.001) in CRC patients. In conclusion, high expression of IDO is significantly associated with DFS, liver metastasis and lymphatic infiltration in CRC patients, and may serve as a biomarker and therapeutic target for DFS, liver metastasis, and lymphatic metastasis in CRC.