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1. Specialist Dietary Intervention in Patients With Fibrotic Interstitial Lung Disease Experiencing Unintentional Weight Loss: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.
作者: Rasleen Kahai.;Gioele Castelli.;Fiammetta Danzo.;Luis Ferreira.;Arthihai Srirangan.;Matteo Morviducci.;Flavio Marco Mirabelli.;Punchalee Kaenmuang.;Cara Roberts.;Simon Bax.;Richard J Hewitt.;Maria Kokosi.;Felix Chua.;Vasileios Kouranos.;Philip L Molyneaux.;Peter M George.;Richard Gisli Jenkins.;Winston Banya.;Carmel J W Stock.;Steve Jones.;Gemma Korff.;Alastair Duncan.;Athol U Wells.;Piersante Sestini.;Elisabetta A Renzoni.
来源: Chest. 2026年169卷3期687-697页
Weight loss in patients with fibrotic interstitial lung disease (F-ILD) is associated with poor prognosis, yet the impact of dietary input is unknown.
2. Acetazolamide Plus Atomoxetine for Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome Treatment.
作者: Elisa Perger.;Gianfranco Parati.;Andrea Faini.;Laura Gell.;Paola Faverio.;Fabrizio Luppi.;Simona Bertoli.;Amelia Brunani.;Elisabetta Bigagli.;Carolina Lombardi.;Luigi Taranto-Montemurro.
来源: Chest. 2026年169卷2期527-537页
A subgroup of patients with obesity exhibits hypoventilation as a result of, among other mechanisms, a narrow, collapsible upper airway (UA), a reduced ventilatory drive during both wakefulness and sleep, and the loss of pharyngeal muscle tone during sleep. These features characterize obesity-hypoventilation syndrome (OHS). If left untreated, OHS is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Besides lifestyle modifications, positive airway pressure (PAP) is the only available treatment, and it is often not well tolerated. Drugs designed to activate UA muscles such as atomoxetine and to stimulate breathing such as acetazolamide represent a potential novel strategy for treating OHS.
3. Effect of Continuous High-Frequency Oscillation Therapy on Lung Aeration in Mechanically Ventilated Patients With Impaired Consciousness: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial.
作者: Zhengyong Hu.;Xuehua Pu.;Rui Tang.;Min Zhou.;Weili Liu.;Jiaqiong Li.;Meifang Cui.;Ying Zhu.;Tao Yu.;Jiangquan Yu.;Xinhua Ma.;Huiqing Ge.;Qianghong Xu.;Yuxuan Wang.;Jinlei Ou.;Zenggan Guan.;Tao Chen.;Xueyan Yuan.;Mingjia Zheng.;Hongxing Wang.;Yi Yang.;Haibo Qiu.;Hui Chen.;Ling Liu.; .
来源: Chest. 2026年169卷3期665-675页
Atelectasis frequently occurs in patients with impaired consciousness who are being treated with invasive mechanical ventilation. It is mainly caused by secretion accumulation, which can lead to longer durations of ventilation and ICU stay.
4. Effectiveness of Health Communication Intervention to Improve Knowledge on Timeliness to Return for Annual Lung Cancer Screening: The Larch Trial.
作者: Karen J Wernli.;Melissa L Anderson.;Lorella Palazzo.;Casey Luce.;Nadejda Bezman.;Margaret Chin.;Hongyuan Gao.;James D Ralston.;Kristine Rogers.;Yu-Ru Su.;Matthew Triplette.;Lisa Carter-Bawa.;Anjali Vasavada.;Matthew Jordan.;Maximillian West.;Sabrina Boler.;Beverly B Green.
来源: Chest. 2026年169卷2期550-561页
Many patients are unaware of the need to repeat lung cancer screening (LCS) annually despite shared decision-making. A health communication intervention was tested to improve patient knowledge, tobacco-related stigma, and self-efficacy in LCS.
5. Ceftriaxone to Prevent Early-Onset Pneumonia in Comatose Patients Following Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial and Resistome Assessment (PROTECT).
作者: David J Gagnon.;Kristin M Burkholder.;Alexandra J Weissman.;Richard R Riker.;Sergey Ryzhov.;Teresa L May.;John DiPalazzo.;Joanne T deKay.;Lacey Knudsen.;Meagan W Moore.;Nicholas A Pozzessere.;Mary Weatherbee.;Muriel Kelly.;Adane S Nigatu.;Joseph L Sevigny.;Stephen Simpson.;W Kelley Thomas.;Clifton W Callaway.;Bram J Geller.;Douglas B Sawyer.;David B Seder.
来源: Chest. 2026年169卷1期115-127页
Antibiotic prophylaxis following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) reduces early-onset pneumonia. However, it has an uncertain impact on mortality and noninfectious outcomes, with ongoing concerns about the subsequent development of antibiotic resistance.
6. Association of Hypoxic Burden With Cardiovascular Events: A Risk Stratification Analysis of the Randomized Intervention With CPAP in Coronary Artery Disease and Sleep Apnea Cohort.
作者: Yüksel Peker.;Yeliz Celik.;Andrey Zinchuk.;Scott A Sands.;Susan Redline.;Ali Azarbarzin.
来源: Chest. 2025年168卷6期1481-1493页
The apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), the standard measure of OSA, has limitations in reflecting disease severity.
7. Medical Thoracoscopy With vs Without Prior Artificial Pneumothorax for Patients With Minimal or Absent Pleural Effusion.
作者: Kaige Wang.;Liang Zhou.;Min Zhu.;Wei Zhang.;Zhengguang He.;Xiaowu Tan.;Xing Luo.;Lingfeng Min.;Feng Xu.;Jun Zeng.;Hao Qin.;Jun Wang.;Huizhen Liu.;Dan Liu.;Panwen Tian.;Luca Richeldi.;Weimin Li.;Fengming Luo.
来源: Chest. 2026年169卷1期269-279页
Thoracoscopy guidelines recommend inducing artificial pneumothorax before medical thoracoscopy in patients with minimal or absent pleural effusion. Single-arm studies have demonstrated that nonartificial pneumothorax approaches reduce operative time and complication rates compared with artificial pneumothorax techniques in these patients. However, there is a lack of trials comparing the effectiveness and safety of performing artificial pneumothorax vs not performing it in these cases.
8. Ultrathin Bronchoscopy With Radial Endobronchial Ultrasound and Rapid On-Site Evaluation for the Diagnosis of Peripheral Pulmonary Lesions: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Factorial Trial.
作者: Erik Vakil.;Marc Fortin.;Anne V Gonzalez.;Laïla Samy.;Alex C Chee.;Elaine Dumoulin.;Marie Dvorakova.;Christopher A Hergott.;Moosa Khalil.;Noël Lampron.;Paul MacEachern.;Simon Martel.;Benjamin Shieh.;Mathieu Simon.;Thibaud Soumagne.;Tatjana Terzic.;Alain Tremblay.
来源: Chest. 2025年168卷4期1034-1048页
The routine use of CT imaging and lung cancer screening has increased the identification of peripheral pulmonary lesions (PPLs). Sampling may be needed for some nodules. Many new technologies are available to improve the diagnostic performance of bronchoscopy for the sampling of PPLs, but few comparative trials exist. The objective of this study was to compare the diagnostic performance of bronchoscopy with radial endobronchial ultrasound (rEBUS) using an ultrathin bronchoscope (BF-MP190F; Olympus) with a non-ultrathin bronchoscope and to compare the diagnostic performance of bronchoscopy with and without rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE).
9. Oxygen Saturation Targets and Neurologic Outcomes Following Cardiac Arrest: A Secondary Analysis of the Pragmatic Investigation of Optimal Oxygen Targets Trial.
作者: Stephanie C DeMasi.;Alexander T Clark.;Amelia L Muhs.;Jin H Han.;Kipp Shipley.;Jared J McKinney.;Li Wang.;Todd W Rice.;Ari Moskowitz.;Matthew E Prekker.;Nicholas J Johnson.;Wesley H Self.;Jonathan D Casey.;Matthew W Semler.;Kevin P Seitz.; .
来源: Chest. 2025年168卷5期1131-1140页
More than 600,000 adults in the United States experience an out-of-hospital or in-hospital cardiac arrest each year. Following resuscitation from cardiac arrest, most patients receive mechanical ventilation. The oxygenation target that optimizes neurologic outcomes following cardiac arrest is uncertain.
10. Effect of Admilparant, a Lysophosphatidic Acid Receptor 1 Antagonist, on Disease Progression in Pulmonary Fibrosis.
作者: Michael Kreuter.;Toby M Maher.;Wim A Wuyts.;Claudia Valenzuela.;Mark Hamblin.;Sinae Kim.;Aditya Patel.;Brandon Elpers.;Luca Richeldi.
来源: Chest. 2025年168卷3期677-687页
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and progressive pulmonary fibrosis (PPF) are chronic fibrosing interstitial lung diseases associated with irreversible loss of lung function and early mortality. Admilparant (BMS-986278) is an oral lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1 antagonist under development for treatment of IPF and PPF.
11. Effect of Ventilator Mode on Ventilator-Free Days in Critically Ill Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Kevin P Seitz.;Bradley D Lloyd.;Li Wang.;Matthew S Shotwell.;Edward T Qian.;Amelia L Muhs.;Roger K Richardson.;J Craig Rooks.;Vanessa Hennings-Williams.;Claire E Sandoval.;Whitney D Richardson.;Tracy L Morgan.;Amber N Thompson.;Pamela G Hastings.;Terry P Ring.;Joanna L Stollings.;Erica M Talbot.;David J Krasinski.;Bailey R DeCoursey.;Tanya K Marvi.;Stephanie C DeMasi.;Kevin W Gibbs.;Wesley H Self.;Amanda S Mixon.;Todd W Rice.;Matthew W Semler.;Jonathan D Casey.; .
来源: Chest. 2025年168卷4期912-923页
Whether the choice of ventilator mode affects outcomes for critically ill patients is unknown.
12. Normosol-R vs Lactated Ringers in the Critically Ill: A Randomized Trial.
作者: Edward T Qian.;Ryan M Brown.;Karen E Jackson.;Li Wang.;Joanna L Stollings.;Robert E Freundlich.;Jonathan P Wanderer.;Edward D Siew.;Gordon R Bernard.;Wesley H Self.;Jonathan D Casey.;Todd W Rice.;Matthew W Semler.; .
来源: Chest. 2025年168卷2期336-345页
Balanced crystalloid solutions may improve clinical outcomes compared with saline for some critically ill adults, but it is unclear whether differences in composition between balanced crystalloid solutions affect outcomes.
13. Effect of Dupilumab on Health-Related Quality of Life and Respiratory Symptoms in Patients With COPD and Type 2 Inflammation: BOREAS and NOTUS.
作者: Surya P Bhatt.;Klaus F Rabe.;Nicola A Hanania.;Claus F Vogelmeier.;Mona Bafadhel.;Stephanie A Christenson.;Alberto Papi.;Dave Singh.;Elizabeth Laws.;Paula Dakin.;Jennifer Maloney.;Xin Lu.;Deborah Bauer.;Ashish Bansal.;Raolat M Abdulai.;Lacey B Robinson.
来源: Chest. 2025年168卷1期56-66页
Patient-reported outcomes should be considered alongside clinical assessments to guide therapy for COPD.
14. Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation in Critically Ill Patients: Six-Month Mortality, Care Pathways, and Quality of Life.
作者: Nicolas Paul.;Elena Ribet Buse.;Julius J Grunow.;Stefan J Schaller.;Claudia D Spies.;Andreas Edel.;Björn Weiss.
来源: Chest. 2025年168卷1期106-118页
There is limited knowledge about long-term mortality, care pathways, and health-related quality of life (HrQoL) among patients in the ICU receiving prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV).
15. Video vs Direct Laryngoscopy for Tracheal Intubation After Cardiac Arrest: A Secondary Analysis of the Direct vs Video Laryngoscope Trial.
作者: Amelia L Muhs.;Kevin P Seitz.;Edward T Qian.;Brant Imhoff.;Li Wang.;Matthew E Prekker.;Brian E Driver.;Stacy A Trent.;Daniel Resnick-Ault.;Steven G Schauer.;Adit A Ginde.;Derek W Russell.;Sheetal Gandotra.;David B Page.;John P Gaillard.;Lane M Smith.;Andrew J Latimer.;Steven H Mitchell.;Nicholas J Johnson.;Shekhar A Ghamande.;Heath D White.;Kevin W Gibbs.;Jessica A Palakshappa.;Derek J Vonderhaar.;David R Janz.;Micah R Whitson.;Christopher R Barnes.;Alon Dagan.;Ari Moskowitz.;Vijay Krishnamoorthy.;James T Herbert.;Michael D April.;Aaron M Joffe.;Jeremy P Walco.;Christopher G Hughes.;Kipp Shipley.;Amelia W Maiga.;Bradley D Lloyd.;Stephanie C DeMasi.;Wesley H Self.;Todd W Rice.;Matthew W Semler.;Jonathan D Casey.; .
来源: Chest. 2025年167卷5期1408-1415页
Airway management is a critical component of the care of patients experiencing cardiac arrest, but data from randomized trials on the use of video vs direct laryngoscopy for intubation in the setting of cardiac arrest are limited. Current American Heart Association guidelines recommend placement of an endotracheal tube either during CPR or shortly after return of spontaneous circulation, but do not provide guidance around intubation methods, including the choice of laryngoscope.
16. Effect of Famotidine on Outcomes in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
作者: Peter J Leary.;Samuel G Rayner.;Kelley R H Branch.;Laurie Hogl.;Nancy M Liston.;Lia M Barros.;Jessi Prout.;Stephanie Nolley.;Jonathan Buber.;David D Ralph.;Jeffrey L Probstfield.
来源: Chest. 2025年168卷1期189-199页
Adaptation of the right ventricle is a key determinant of outcomes in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Despite a compelling rationale to develop targeted therapies for the right ventricle in PAH, no such treatments exist. H2-receptor antagonism is a potential myocardial-focused paradigm in heart failure.
17. Treatment With Oral or Inhaled Treprostinil in Patients With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension and Cardiovascular Comorbidities.
作者: R James White.;Karim El-Kersh.;Stephan Rosenkranz.;Veronica Franco.;Carmine Dario Vizza.;Roberto Badagliacca.;Joanna Pepke-Zaba.;Jean Elwing.;Rahul G Argula.;Shelley Shapiro.;Hyoshin Kim.;Scott Seaman.;Eric Shen.;Manisit Das.;Meredith Broderick.;Vallerie McLaughlin.
来源: Chest. 2025年167卷6期1746-1758页
An increasing number of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) have cardiovascular comorbidities. However, the effects of comorbidities on responses to PAH treatment are not well understood.
18. Treatment of Acute Circulatory Failure Based on Carbon Dioxide-Oxygen (CO2-O2) Derived Indices: The Lactel Randomized Multicenter Study.
作者: Pierre-Grégoire Guinot.;Corentin Evezard.;Maxime Nguyen.;Sebastien Pili-Floury.;Vivien Berthoud.;Guillaume Besch.;Belaid Bouhemad.; .
来源: Chest. 2025年167卷4期1068-1078页
Acute circulatory failure is critical in patients in the ICU. Indices derived from oxygen and CO2 metabolism (CO2-O2-derived indices) including the central venous-to-arterial CO2 difference and central venous-to-arterial CO2 difference/arteriovenous oxygen content ratio are markers for global metabolic demand and tissue hypoxia.
19. Results of the Solriamfetol's Effect on Cognitive Health in Apnea Participants During a Randomized Placebo-Controlled Study (SHARP): A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Double-Blind Repeated-Measures Crossover Phase IV Clinical Trial of the Effect of the Wake-Promoting Agent Solriamfetol on Cognitive Function in OSA With Excessive Daytime Sleepiness and Cognitive Impairment.
作者: Hans P A Van Dongen.;Eileen B Leary.;Christopher Drake.;Richard Bogan.;Judith Jaeger.;Russell Rosenberg.;Caroline Streicher.;Herriot Tabuteau.
来源: Chest. 2025年167卷3期863-875页
OSA causes episodes of fragmented sleep and intermittent hypoxia and leads to excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS). Deficits in cognitive function are a troublesome symptom in patients with OSA and EDS.
20. A 1-Year Weight Management Program for Difficult-to-Treat Asthma With Obesity: A Randomized Controlled Study.
作者: Varun Sharma.;Helen Clare Ricketts.;Louise McCombie.;Naomi Brosnahan.;Luisa Crawford.;Lesley Slaughter.;Anna Goodfellow.;Femke Steffensen.;Rekha Chaudhuri.;Michael E J Lean.;Douglas C Cowan.
来源: Chest. 2025年167卷1期42-53页
Obesity-associated asthma results in increased morbidity and mortality. We report 1-year asthma outcomes with a weight management regimen, the Counterweight-Plus Programme (CWP), compared with usual care (UC) in a single-center, randomized controlled trial in patients with difficult-to-treat asthma and obesity.
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