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1. Specialist Dietary Intervention in Patients With Fibrotic Interstitial Lung Disease Experiencing Unintentional Weight Loss: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.
作者: Rasleen Kahai.;Gioele Castelli.;Fiammetta Danzo.;Luis Ferreira.;Arthihai Srirangan.;Matteo Morviducci.;Flavio Marco Mirabelli.;Punchalee Kaenmuang.;Cara Roberts.;Simon Bax.;Richard J Hewitt.;Maria Kokosi.;Felix Chua.;Vasileios Kouranos.;Philip L Molyneaux.;Peter M George.;Richard Gisli Jenkins.;Winston Banya.;Carmel J W Stock.;Steve Jones.;Gemma Korff.;Alastair Duncan.;Athol U Wells.;Piersante Sestini.;Elisabetta A Renzoni.
来源: Chest. 2026年169卷3期687-697页
Weight loss in patients with fibrotic interstitial lung disease (F-ILD) is associated with poor prognosis, yet the impact of dietary input is unknown.
2. Acetazolamide Plus Atomoxetine for Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome Treatment.
作者: Elisa Perger.;Gianfranco Parati.;Andrea Faini.;Laura Gell.;Paola Faverio.;Fabrizio Luppi.;Simona Bertoli.;Amelia Brunani.;Elisabetta Bigagli.;Carolina Lombardi.;Luigi Taranto-Montemurro.
来源: Chest. 2026年169卷2期527-537页
A subgroup of patients with obesity exhibits hypoventilation as a result of, among other mechanisms, a narrow, collapsible upper airway (UA), a reduced ventilatory drive during both wakefulness and sleep, and the loss of pharyngeal muscle tone during sleep. These features characterize obesity-hypoventilation syndrome (OHS). If left untreated, OHS is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Besides lifestyle modifications, positive airway pressure (PAP) is the only available treatment, and it is often not well tolerated. Drugs designed to activate UA muscles such as atomoxetine and to stimulate breathing such as acetazolamide represent a potential novel strategy for treating OHS.
3. Effect of Continuous High-Frequency Oscillation Therapy on Lung Aeration in Mechanically Ventilated Patients With Impaired Consciousness: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial.
作者: Zhengyong Hu.;Xuehua Pu.;Rui Tang.;Min Zhou.;Weili Liu.;Jiaqiong Li.;Meifang Cui.;Ying Zhu.;Tao Yu.;Jiangquan Yu.;Xinhua Ma.;Huiqing Ge.;Qianghong Xu.;Yuxuan Wang.;Jinlei Ou.;Zenggan Guan.;Tao Chen.;Xueyan Yuan.;Mingjia Zheng.;Hongxing Wang.;Yi Yang.;Haibo Qiu.;Hui Chen.;Ling Liu.; .
来源: Chest. 2026年169卷3期665-675页
Atelectasis frequently occurs in patients with impaired consciousness who are being treated with invasive mechanical ventilation. It is mainly caused by secretion accumulation, which can lead to longer durations of ventilation and ICU stay.
4. Behavioral Support by Ex-Smoking Peers Using Instant Messaging for Smoking Cessation: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
作者: Ziqiu Guo.;Tzu Tsun Luk.;Xue Weng.;Yongda Wu.;Shengzhi Zhao.;Yuen Kwan Lai.;Derek Yee Tak Cheung.;Henry Sau Chai Tong.;Vienna Wai Yin Lai.;Tai Hing Lam.;Man Ping Wang.
来源: Chest. 2026年169卷1期300-311页
Peer support could be beneficial for smoking cessation. Randomized controlled trial (RCT) evidence is lacking regarding mobile-based behavioral support offered by ex-smoking peers on smoking cessation in community people who smoke.
5. Effectiveness of Health Communication Intervention to Improve Knowledge on Timeliness to Return for Annual Lung Cancer Screening: The Larch Trial.
作者: Karen J Wernli.;Melissa L Anderson.;Lorella Palazzo.;Casey Luce.;Nadejda Bezman.;Margaret Chin.;Hongyuan Gao.;James D Ralston.;Kristine Rogers.;Yu-Ru Su.;Matthew Triplette.;Lisa Carter-Bawa.;Anjali Vasavada.;Matthew Jordan.;Maximillian West.;Sabrina Boler.;Beverly B Green.
来源: Chest. 2026年169卷2期550-561页
Many patients are unaware of the need to repeat lung cancer screening (LCS) annually despite shared decision-making. A health communication intervention was tested to improve patient knowledge, tobacco-related stigma, and self-efficacy in LCS.
6. Pediatric Bronchiectasis Action Management Plan to Improve Clinical Outcomes: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
作者: Kobi L Schutz.;Anne B Chang.;Lesley A Versteegh.;Stephanie T Yerkovich.;Peter S Morris.;Pamela Laird.;Andre Schultz.;Julie M Marchant.;Gabrielle B McCallum.
来源: Chest. 2025年168卷5期1097-1106页
Managing bronchiectasis exacerbations is a priority for patients, parents, and caregivers of children with bronchiectasis. However, evidence-based strategies among the pediatric population remain limited.
7. Ceftriaxone to Prevent Early-Onset Pneumonia in Comatose Patients Following Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial and Resistome Assessment (PROTECT).
作者: David J Gagnon.;Kristin M Burkholder.;Alexandra J Weissman.;Richard R Riker.;Sergey Ryzhov.;Teresa L May.;John DiPalazzo.;Joanne T deKay.;Lacey Knudsen.;Meagan W Moore.;Nicholas A Pozzessere.;Mary Weatherbee.;Muriel Kelly.;Adane S Nigatu.;Joseph L Sevigny.;Stephen Simpson.;W Kelley Thomas.;Clifton W Callaway.;Bram J Geller.;Douglas B Sawyer.;David B Seder.
来源: Chest. 2026年169卷1期115-127页
Antibiotic prophylaxis following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) reduces early-onset pneumonia. However, it has an uncertain impact on mortality and noninfectious outcomes, with ongoing concerns about the subsequent development of antibiotic resistance.
8. Association of Hypoxic Burden With Cardiovascular Events: A Risk Stratification Analysis of the Randomized Intervention With CPAP in Coronary Artery Disease and Sleep Apnea Cohort.
作者: Yüksel Peker.;Yeliz Celik.;Andrey Zinchuk.;Scott A Sands.;Susan Redline.;Ali Azarbarzin.
来源: Chest. 2025年168卷6期1481-1493页
The apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), the standard measure of OSA, has limitations in reflecting disease severity.
9. Medical Thoracoscopy With vs Without Prior Artificial Pneumothorax for Patients With Minimal or Absent Pleural Effusion.
作者: Kaige Wang.;Liang Zhou.;Min Zhu.;Wei Zhang.;Zhengguang He.;Xiaowu Tan.;Xing Luo.;Lingfeng Min.;Feng Xu.;Jun Zeng.;Hao Qin.;Jun Wang.;Huizhen Liu.;Dan Liu.;Panwen Tian.;Luca Richeldi.;Weimin Li.;Fengming Luo.
来源: Chest. 2026年169卷1期269-279页
Thoracoscopy guidelines recommend inducing artificial pneumothorax before medical thoracoscopy in patients with minimal or absent pleural effusion. Single-arm studies have demonstrated that nonartificial pneumothorax approaches reduce operative time and complication rates compared with artificial pneumothorax techniques in these patients. However, there is a lack of trials comparing the effectiveness and safety of performing artificial pneumothorax vs not performing it in these cases.
10. Ultrathin Bronchoscopy With Radial Endobronchial Ultrasound and Rapid On-Site Evaluation for the Diagnosis of Peripheral Pulmonary Lesions: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Factorial Trial.
作者: Erik Vakil.;Marc Fortin.;Anne V Gonzalez.;Laïla Samy.;Alex C Chee.;Elaine Dumoulin.;Marie Dvorakova.;Christopher A Hergott.;Moosa Khalil.;Noël Lampron.;Paul MacEachern.;Simon Martel.;Benjamin Shieh.;Mathieu Simon.;Thibaud Soumagne.;Tatjana Terzic.;Alain Tremblay.
来源: Chest. 2025年168卷4期1034-1048页
The routine use of CT imaging and lung cancer screening has increased the identification of peripheral pulmonary lesions (PPLs). Sampling may be needed for some nodules. Many new technologies are available to improve the diagnostic performance of bronchoscopy for the sampling of PPLs, but few comparative trials exist. The objective of this study was to compare the diagnostic performance of bronchoscopy with radial endobronchial ultrasound (rEBUS) using an ultrathin bronchoscope (BF-MP190F; Olympus) with a non-ultrathin bronchoscope and to compare the diagnostic performance of bronchoscopy with and without rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE).
11. Oxygen Saturation Targets and Neurologic Outcomes Following Cardiac Arrest: A Secondary Analysis of the Pragmatic Investigation of Optimal Oxygen Targets Trial.
作者: Stephanie C DeMasi.;Alexander T Clark.;Amelia L Muhs.;Jin H Han.;Kipp Shipley.;Jared J McKinney.;Li Wang.;Todd W Rice.;Ari Moskowitz.;Matthew E Prekker.;Nicholas J Johnson.;Wesley H Self.;Jonathan D Casey.;Matthew W Semler.;Kevin P Seitz.; .
来源: Chest. 2025年168卷5期1131-1140页
More than 600,000 adults in the United States experience an out-of-hospital or in-hospital cardiac arrest each year. Following resuscitation from cardiac arrest, most patients receive mechanical ventilation. The oxygenation target that optimizes neurologic outcomes following cardiac arrest is uncertain.
12. Effect of Admilparant, a Lysophosphatidic Acid Receptor 1 Antagonist, on Disease Progression in Pulmonary Fibrosis.
作者: Michael Kreuter.;Toby M Maher.;Wim A Wuyts.;Claudia Valenzuela.;Mark Hamblin.;Sinae Kim.;Aditya Patel.;Brandon Elpers.;Luca Richeldi.
来源: Chest. 2025年168卷3期677-687页
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and progressive pulmonary fibrosis (PPF) are chronic fibrosing interstitial lung diseases associated with irreversible loss of lung function and early mortality. Admilparant (BMS-986278) is an oral lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1 antagonist under development for treatment of IPF and PPF.
13. Effect of Ventilator Mode on Ventilator-Free Days in Critically Ill Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Kevin P Seitz.;Bradley D Lloyd.;Li Wang.;Matthew S Shotwell.;Edward T Qian.;Amelia L Muhs.;Roger K Richardson.;J Craig Rooks.;Vanessa Hennings-Williams.;Claire E Sandoval.;Whitney D Richardson.;Tracy L Morgan.;Amber N Thompson.;Pamela G Hastings.;Terry P Ring.;Joanna L Stollings.;Erica M Talbot.;David J Krasinski.;Bailey R DeCoursey.;Tanya K Marvi.;Stephanie C DeMasi.;Kevin W Gibbs.;Wesley H Self.;Amanda S Mixon.;Todd W Rice.;Matthew W Semler.;Jonathan D Casey.; .
来源: Chest. 2025年168卷4期912-923页
Whether the choice of ventilator mode affects outcomes for critically ill patients is unknown.
14. Effects of the Combination of Pimavanserin and Atomoxetine on OSA Severity: A Randomized Crossover Trial.
作者: Ludovico Messineo.;Madison Preuss.;Ali Azarbarzin.;Daniel Vena.;Laura Gell.;Atqiya Aishah.;Neda Esmaeili.;Molly Kim.;Isabel Burdick.;Tom Chen.;David White.;Scott A Sands.;Andrew Wellman.
来源: Chest. 2025年168卷1期223-235页
OSA pharmacologic interventions like the noradrenergic muscle stimulant atomoxetine have wake-promoting properties. Pimavanserin, a promising serotonin 2A receptor antagonist, may help to counteract atomoxetine's noradrenergic effects by increasing arousal threshold and possibly reducing OSA severity.
15. Inhaled Menthol for Dyspnea Relief During Cycle Exercise in COPD: A Randomized Trial.
作者: Michele R Schaeffer.;Lucas Vanden Bossche.;Kaat Beckers.;Kristin Verbeke.;Wim Janssens.;Dennis Jensen.;Jem I Arnold.;Andreas von Leupoldt.;Daniel Langer.
来源: Chest. 2025年168卷2期390-401页
Menthol inhalation (MI) lowers dyspnea ratings during loaded breathing in COPD and cycle exercise in healthy adults. Proposed mechanisms include stimulation of cold receptors in the upper airways, modulating perception of breathing-related effort and airflow.
16. Low-Intensity vs Moderate-Intensity Anticoagulation for Venovenous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: The Strategies for Anticoagulation During Venovenous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Pilot Trial.
作者: Whitney D Gannon.;Elias H Pratt.;Melissa A Vogelsong.;Wren H Adkisson.;Matthew Bacchetta.;Sarah L Bloom.;Daniel J Ford.;Brandon A Guenthart.;Janna S Landsperger.;Edward T Qian.;Craig R Rackley.;Todd W Rice.;Vikram Fielding-Singh.;John W Stokes.;Joanna L Stollings.;Matthew W Semler.;Jonathan D Casey.; .
来源: Chest. 2025年168卷3期639-649页
Bleeding is a common and sometimes fatal complication of venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Whether lowering the intensity of anticoagulation during venovenous ECMO is safe or effective is unknown.
17. Diagnostic Yield and Synergistic Impact of Needle Aspiration and Forceps Biopsy With Electromagnetic Navigation Bronchoscopy for Peripheral Pulmonary Lesions: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
作者: Yeon Wook Kim.;Hyung-Jun Kim.;Byoung Soo Kwon.;Ye Jin Lee.;Myung Jin Song.;Sung Hyun Yoon.;Sung Yoon Lim.;Yeon Joo Lee.;Jong Sun Park.;Young-Jae Cho.;Kyung Hee Lee.;Jin-Haeng Chung.;Yeon Bi Han.;Fabien Maldonado.;So Yeon Ahn.;Youngmi Park.;Dong-Hyun Joo.;Jae Ho Lee.;Choon-Taek Lee.
来源: Chest. 2025年168卷1期236-247页
Electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy (ENB) is an advanced imaging-guided technique used to diagnose peripheral pulmonary lesions. However, the optimal strategy for selecting biopsy devices remains unclear.
18. Impact of Noninvasive Ventilation Before and After Cardiac Surgery for Preventing Cardiac and Pulmonary Complications: A Clinical Randomized Trial.
作者: Marion Goret.;Kevin Pluchon.;Raphaël Le Mao.;Ali Badra.;Jean-Ferréol Oilleau.;Yohann Morvan.;Marc Beaumont.;Gwenaëlle Desanglois.;Marie Guegan.;Aude Barnier.;Christophe Gut-Gobert.;Cécile Tromeur.;Christophe Leroyer.;Jean-Noël Choplain.;Ahmed Khalifa.;Eric Bezon.;Francis Couturaud.
来源: Chest. 2025年167卷6期1727-1736页
The immediate postoperative period after heart surgery poses a substantial risk of life-threatening complications, notably acute pulmonary and cardiac failure. Use of noninvasive ventilation (NIV) may reduce the incidence of pulmonary or heart failure, or both.
19. Normosol-R vs Lactated Ringers in the Critically Ill: A Randomized Trial.
作者: Edward T Qian.;Ryan M Brown.;Karen E Jackson.;Li Wang.;Joanna L Stollings.;Robert E Freundlich.;Jonathan P Wanderer.;Edward D Siew.;Gordon R Bernard.;Wesley H Self.;Jonathan D Casey.;Todd W Rice.;Matthew W Semler.; .
来源: Chest. 2025年168卷2期336-345页
Balanced crystalloid solutions may improve clinical outcomes compared with saline for some critically ill adults, but it is unclear whether differences in composition between balanced crystalloid solutions affect outcomes.
20. Continuous Glucose Monitoring for Hyperglycemia in Critically Ill Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
作者: Andrew J Franck.;Andrew L Hendrickson.;Evan D Telford.;BreAnna L Davids.;Irina Murray Casanova.;Abbie N Rosen.;Susheela Hadigal.;Robert C Ross.
来源: Chest. 2025年168卷2期326-335页
Continuous glucose monitors (CGMs) could potentially improve management of hyperglycemia compared with standard point-of-care glucose monitoring for critically ill patients. However, there is limited evidence to support routine use of CGMs in the ICU.
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