Objective responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in leiomyosarcoma (LMS) are rare. Response rates may be increased by combination with other drugs known to promote immune infiltration, such as poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, which have led to benefit in BRCA-altered uterine LMS. We therefore evaluated the combination of a PARP inhibitor, rucaparib, and the anti-programmed death receptor-1 monoclonal antibody, nivolumab, in patients with advanced LMS and investigated its effects on the tumor immune microenvironment.

Peritoneal metastasis (PM) after radical surgery is an important cause of treatment failure in colorectal cancer (CRC). Intraoperative intraperitoneal perfusion chemotherapy may be an effective method for preventing postoperative PM in patients with CRC. This study aimed to explore the safety and feasibility of intraoperatively preventive intraperitoneal perfusion chemotherapy using lobaplatin for CRC.

Angiosarcoma is a rare and aggressive malignancy with limited treatment options. This phase II, multicenter, open-label, single-arm study (AngioCheck) evaluated the efficacy and safety of nivolumab in patients with cutaneous angiosarcoma previously treated with taxane-based chemotherapy.

Neoadjuvant immunotherapy has shown promising short-term outcomes of perioperative treatments for resectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and is expected to release long-term survival benefits. Here, we reported the long-term prognostic value of 18F-FDG PET/CT over ∼a 5-year follow-up.

Indenoisoquinolines are a class of topoisomerase I (TOP1) inhibitors designed to overcome clinical limitations of camptothecins. Three indenoisoquinolines (LMP400, LMP776, and LMP744) demonstrated activity in murine models and a comparative canine lymphoma study. Clinical data for LMP400 were previously reported (NCT01051635). The maximum tolerated dose (MTD), safety, and clinical data from phase 1 studies of LMP776 (NCT01051635) and LMP744 (NCT03030417) are reported herein.

This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) in combination with apatinib (TACE-apatinib) for patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

This post hoc study aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) with fluorouracil, leucovorin and oxaliplatin (HAIC-FO) compared with sorafenib in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The analysis was conducted from the perspective of Chinese payers.

Peripheral intravenous 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) administration often causes phlebitis and necessitates catheter replacement, imposing burdens on both patients and healthcare providers. Insertion of a midline catheter (MLC) into the upper arm with tip positioned in the axillary vein may reduce the incidence of phlebitis. This study evaluated the safety and effectiveness of MLC use for continuous 5-FU infusion in cancer patients.

OMT-110 is a repositioned drug candidate for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). This phase I study aimed to determine the appropriate dose of OMT-110 for phase II trials and its safety, tolerability, and efficacy. We conducted the first-in-human dose-escalation study of patients with advanced mCRC (age 20 years or older) who had refractory disease.

To investigate the safety and efficacy of prophylactic use of commercially available intravitreal moxifloxacin 0.5% (Vigamox) at the time of intravitreal anti-VEGF injection against post-injection infectious endophthalmitis.

Diuretics are commonly used to reduce renal dysfunction during cisplatin-based chemotherapy; however, reports suggest that renal function is unaffected when diuretics are not administered. This phase II trial evaluated the effectiveness and safety of a short hydration method without diuretics.

Recurrent/metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (R/M HNSCC) portends a poor prognosis. DNA pathway repair mutations in HNSCC are associated with higher tumor mutational burden rates and immune checkpoint inhibitor response. PARP inhibitors (PARPi) induce ssDNA breaks and are efficacious in cancers with DNA repair defects. Thus, we designed a single-arm, open-label, phase II clinical trial to evaluate the combination of niraparib and dostarlimab in patients with R/M HNSCC.

A phase II study evaluated a corticosteroid-free regimen (olanzapine, netupitant, and palonosetron) for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. The results showed control rates comparable to those of standard protocols, demonstrating its feasibility without dexamethasone. ■ Evaluation of a corticosteroid-free antiemetic regimen. ■ Primary endpoint: 46% nausea control. ■ Secondary endpoint: 68% emesis control. ■ Comparable to standard four-drug protocols.

Hypomethylating agents are frontline therapies for myelodysplastic neoplasms (MDS), yet clinical responses remain unpredictable. We conducted a phase 2 trial comparing injectable and oral azacitidine (AZA) administered over one or three weeks per four-week cycle, with the primary objective of investigating whether response is linked to in vivo drug incorporation or DNA hypomethylation. Our findings show that injection results in higher drug incorporation, but lower DNA demethylation per cycle, while global DNA methylation levels in mononuclear cells are comparable between responders and non-responders. However, hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) from responders exhibit distinct baseline and early treatment-induced CpG methylation changes at regulatory regions linked to tissue patterning, cell migration, and myeloid differentiation. By cycle six-when clinical responses typically emerge-further differential hypomethylation in responder HSPCs suggests marrow adaptation as a driver of improved hematopoiesis. These findings indicate that intrinsic baseline and early drug-induced epigenetic differences in HSPCs may underlie the variable clinical response to AZA in MDS.

Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) exploit DNA repair deficiency in germline BRCA1 and BRCA2 pathogenic variant (gBRCAm) cancers. Haematological toxicity limits chemotherapy-PARPi treatment combinations. In preclinical models we identified a schedule combining olaparib and carboplatin that avoids enhanced toxicity but maintains anti-tumour activity. We investigated this schedule in a neoadjuvant, phase II-III, randomised controlled trial for gBRCAm breast cancers (ClinicalTrials.gov ID:NCT03150576; PARTNER). The research arm included carboplatin (Area Under the Curve 5, 3-weekly); paclitaxel (80 mg/m2, weekly) day 1, plus olaparib (150 mg twice daily) day 3-14 (4 cycles), followed by anthracycline-containing chemotherapy (3 cycles); control arm gave chemotherapy alone. The primary endpoint, pathological complete response rate, showed no statistical difference between research 64.1% (25/39); control 69.8% (30/43) (p = 0.59). However, estimated survival outcomes at 36-months demonstrated improved event-free survival: research 96.4%, control 80.1% (p = 0.04); overall survival: research 100%, control 88.2% (p = 0.04) and breast cancer specific survival: research 100%, control 88.2% (p = 0.04). There were no statistical differences in relapse-free survival and distant disease-free survival, both were: research 96.4%, control 87.9% (p = 0.20). Similarly, local recurrence-free survival and time to second cancer were both: research 96.4%, control 87.8% (p = 0.20). The PARTNER trial identified a safe, tolerable schedule combining neoadjuvant chemotherapy with olaparib. This combination demonstrated schedule-dependent overall survival benefit in early-stage gBRCAm breast cancer. This result needs confirmation in larger trials.

Cancer therapy-related cardiac dysfunction frequently occurs in patients receiving anthracycline. Ivabradine reduces heart rate without affecting contractility and showed anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiapoptotic effects in experimental cardiotoxicity models. This study aims to evaluate the effect of ivabradine on cancer therapy-related cardiac dysfunction in patients with lymphoma or sarcoma treated with anthracycline.

Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is considered unsuitable for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) that exceeds up-to-7 criteria. Balloon-occluded alternative infusion of cisplatin solution and gelatin particles of transarterial chemoembolization (BOAI-TACE) has shown promise in the treatment of HCC and preservation of liver function. This prospective, single-arm study enrolled patients with HCC beyond up-to-7 criteria from five hospitals. The primary endpoint was objective response ratio (ORR) for BOAI-TACE, according to response evaluation criteria in cancer of the Liver (RECICL), at 2 months after treatment. Eighteen patients were enrolled in this study. Fourteen patients achieved response, resulting in an ORR of 77.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] 54.3-91.5%) according to both RECICL and modified response evaluation criteria in solid tumor (mRECIST) guidelines, meeting the primary endpoint. Disease control rate was 88.9% (95% CI 66.0-98.1%). No worsening of either Child-Pugh or albumin-bilirubin (ALBI) scores was observed. No serious adverse events were recorded, indicating that BOAI-TACE retains utility even in severe HCC cases while preserving liver function.

Optimal sequencing of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and targeted therapies (TTs) in BRAFV600-positive advanced melanoma should achieve rapid tumour control and durable progression-free survival (PFS), translating into prolonged overall survival (OS).

In the phase 3 EMPOWER-Lung 1 study, first-line cemiplimab monotherapy provided significant survival benefit versus chemotherapy in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) ≥50%. This exploratory subgroup analysis investigated the clinical outcomes of cemiplimab treatment in patients with advanced NSCLC with brain metastases.

Treatment of advanced mycosis fungoides (MF) and Sézary syndrome (SS) is a challenge. In this international, multicenter, open-label phase II trial, we assessed the efficacy and safety of anti-PD-L1 atezolizumab in stage IIB-IV refractory/relapsed MF and SS.