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1921. CD4-guided structured antiretroviral treatment interruption strategy in HIV-infected adults in west Africa (Trivacan ANRS 1269 trial): a randomised trial.
作者: Christine Danel.;Raoul Moh.;Albert Minga.;Amani Anzian.;Olivier Ba-Gomis.;Constance Kanga.;Gustave Nzunetu.;Delphine Gabillard.;François Rouet.;Souleymane Sorho.;Marie-Laure Chaix.;Serge Eholié.;Hervé Menan.;Delphine Sauvageot.;Emmanuel Bissagnene.;Roger Salamon.;Xavier Anglaret.; .
来源: Lancet. 2006年367卷9527期1981-9页
Structured treatment interruptions of highly-active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) might be particularly relevant for sub-Saharan Africa, where cost-saving strategies could help to increase the number of patients on HAART. We did a randomised trial of structured treatment interruption in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.
1922. Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome after repeat exposure to antenatal corticosteroids: a randomised controlled trial.
作者: Caroline A Crowther.;Ross R Haslam.;Janet E Hiller.;Lex W Doyle.;Jeffrey S Robinson.; .
来源: Lancet. 2006年367卷9526期1913-9页
The efficacy and safety of repeat doses of prenatal corticosteroids remains uncertain. Our aim was to establish whether repeat prenatal corticosteroids given to women at risk of preterm birth can reduce neonatal morbidity without harm.
1923. Clopidogrel plus aspirin versus oral anticoagulation for atrial fibrillation in the Atrial fibrillation Clopidogrel Trial with Irbesartan for prevention of Vascular Events (ACTIVE W): a randomised controlled trial.
作者: .;S Connolly.;J Pogue.;R Hart.;M Pfeffer.;S Hohnloser.;S Chrolavicius.;M Pfeffer.;S Hohnloser.;S Yusuf.
来源: Lancet. 2006年367卷9526期1903-12页
Oral anticoagulation therapy reduces risk of vascular events in patients with atrial fibrillation. However, long-term monitoring is necessary and many patients cannot achieve optimum anticoagulation. We assessed whether clopidogrel plus aspirin was non-inferior to oral anticoagulation therapy for prevention of vascular events.
1924. Aspirin plus dipyridamole versus aspirin alone after cerebral ischaemia of arterial origin (ESPRIT): randomised controlled trial.
作者: .;P H A Halkes.;J van Gijn.;L J Kappelle.;P J Koudstaal.;A Algra.
来源: Lancet. 2006年367卷9523期1665-73页
Results of trials of aspirin and dipyridamole combined versus aspirin alone for the secondary prevention of vascular events after ischaemic stroke of presumed arterial origin are inconsistent. Our aim was to resolve this uncertainty.
1925. Safety and immunogenicity of an inactivated split-virion influenza A/Vietnam/1194/2004 (H5N1) vaccine: phase I randomised trial.
作者: Jean-Louis Bresson.;Christian Perronne.;Odile Launay.;Catherine Gerdil.;Melanie Saville.;John Wood.;Katja Höschler.;Maria C Zambon.
来源: Lancet. 2006年367卷9523期1657-64页
Pathogenic avian influenza A virus H5N1 has caused outbreaks in poultry and migratory birds in Asia, Africa, and Europe, and caused disease and death in people. Although person-to-person spread of current H5N1 strains is unlikely, the virus is a potential source of a future influenza pandemic. Our aim was to assess the safety and immunogenicity of a vaccine against the H5N1 strain.
1926. Effect of albendazole treatments on the prevalence of atopy in children living in communities endemic for geohelminth parasites: a cluster-randomised trial.
作者: Philip J Cooper.;Martha E Chico.;Maritza G Vaca.;Ana-Lucia Moncayo.;J Martin Bland.;Evelin Mafla.;Fernanda Sanchez.;Laura C Rodrigues.;David P Strachan.;George E Griffin.
来源: Lancet. 2006年367卷9522期1598-603页
Epidemiological studies have shown inverse associations between geohelminth (intestinal helminth) infection and atopy, leading to the suggestion that geohelminths might protect against allergy. Periodic deworming of school children with anthelmintics is a widely implemented intervention and has raised concerns that such programmes could increase allergy. We investigated the effect of repeated anthelmintic treatments with albendazole over 12 months on the prevalence of atopy and clinical indices of allergy.
1927. Efficacy and safety of intranasal lorazepam versus intramuscular paraldehyde for protracted convulsions in children: an open randomised trial.
作者: Shafique Ahmad.;Jane C Ellis.;Hastings Kamwendo.;Elizabeth Molyneux.
来源: Lancet. 2006年367卷9522期1591-7页
In sub-Saharan Africa, rectal diazepam or intramuscular paraldehyde are commonly used as first-line anticonvulsant agents in the emergency treatment of seizures in children. These treatments can be expensive and sometimes toxic. We aimed to assess a drug and delivery system that is potentially more effective, safer, and easier to administer than those presently in use.
1928. Aminophylline in bradyasystolic cardiac arrest: a randomised placebo-controlled trial.
作者: Riyad B Abu-Laban.;Caroline M McIntyre.;James M Christenson.;Catherina A van Beek.;Grant D Innes.;Robin K O'Brien.;Karen P Wanger.;R Douglas McKnight.;Kenneth G Gin.;Peter J Zed.;Jeffrey Watts.;Joe Puskaric.;Iain A MacPhail.;Ross G Berringer.;Ruth A Milner.
来源: Lancet. 2006年367卷9522期1577-84页
Endogenous adenosine might cause or perpetuate bradyasystole. Our aim was to determine whether aminophylline, an adenosine antagonist, increases the rate of return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.
1929. Vitamin C and vitamin E in pregnant women at risk for pre-eclampsia (VIP trial): randomised placebo-controlled trial.
Oxidative stress could play a part in pre-eclampsia, and there is some evidence to suggest that vitamin C and vitamin E supplements could reduce the risk of the disorder. Our aim was to investigate the potential benefit of these antioxidants in a cohort of women with a range of clinical risk factors.
1930. Donepezil in patients with severe Alzheimer's disease: double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled study.
作者: Bengt Winblad.;Lena Kilander.;Sture Eriksson.;Lennart Minthon.;Stellan Båtsman.;Anna-Lena Wetterholm.;Catarina Jansson-Blixt.;Anders Haglund.; .
来源: Lancet. 2006年367卷9516期1057-1065页
The cholinesterase inhibitor donepezil is used to treat mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease. Its efficacy in severe dementia has not been assessed and is controversial. Our aim was to ascertain the effectiveness of donepezil in patients with severe Alzheimer's disease, by focusing primarily on cognition and activities of daily living.
1931. Topical applications of chlorhexidine to the umbilical cord for prevention of omphalitis and neonatal mortality in southern Nepal: a community-based, cluster-randomised trial.
作者: Luke C Mullany.;Gary L Darmstadt.;Subarna K Khatry.;Joanne Katz.;Steven C LeClerq.;Shardaram Shrestha.;Ramesh Adhikari.;James M Tielsch.
来源: Lancet. 2006年367卷9514期910-8页
Omphalitis contributes to neonatal morbidity and mortality in developing countries. Umbilical cord cleansing with antiseptics might reduce infection and mortality risk, but has not been rigorously investigated.
1932. Family-member DOTS and community DOTS for tuberculosis control in Nepal: cluster-randomised controlled trial.
作者: James N Newell.;Sushil C Baral.;Shanta B Pande.;Dirgh Sing Bam.;Pushpa Malla.
来源: Lancet. 2006年367卷9514期903-9页
A key component of the DOTS strategy for tuberculosis control (short-course chemotherapy following WHO guidelines) is direct observation of treatment. WHO technical guidelines recommend that health workers should undertake this part of the strategy, but will also accept direct observation of treatment in the community; WHO does not think that a family member should undertake this role. Supporting evidence for these recommendations is not available. The Nepal national tuberculosis programme asked us to develop and test a strategy of direct observation of treatment for the hill districts of Nepal, where direct observation of treatment by health workers is not feasible. We aimed to assess the success rates of two DOTS strategies developed for such areas.
1933. Azathioprine dosed by thiopurine methyltransferase activity for moderate-to-severe atopic eczema: a double-blind, randomised controlled trial.
Atopic eczema affects 1-2% of adults, and can cause considerable morbidity. We aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of azathioprine as systemic monotherapy for moderate-to-severe atopic eczema, and the therapeutic importance of the thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) polymorphism (a key determinant of azathioprine-induced myelotoxicity) by using TPMT enzyme activity to establish azathioprine dose.
1934. Oral melphalan and prednisone chemotherapy plus thalidomide compared with melphalan and prednisone alone in elderly patients with multiple myeloma: randomised controlled trial.
作者: Antonio Palumbo.;Sara Bringhen.;Tommaso Caravita.;Emanuela Merla.;Vincenzo Capparella.;Vincenzo Callea.;Clotilde Cangialosi.;Mariella Grasso.;Fausto Rossini.;Monica Galli.;Lucio Catalano.;Elena Zamagni.;Maria Teresa Petrucci.;Valerio De Stefano.;Manuela Ceccarelli.;Maria Teresa Ambrosini.;Ilaria Avonto.;Patrizia Falco.;Giovannino Ciccone.;Anna Marina Liberati.;Pellegrino Musto.;Mario Boccadoro.; .
来源: Lancet. 2006年367卷9513期825-31页
Since 1960, oral melphalan and prednisone (MP) has been regarded as the standard of care in elderly multiple myeloma patients. This multicentre randomised trial compared oral MP plus thalidomide (MPT) with MP alone in patients aged 60-85 years.
1935. Pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides conjugated to protein D for prevention of acute otitis media caused by both Streptococcus pneumoniae and non-typable Haemophilus influenzae: a randomised double-blind efficacy study.
作者: Roman Prymula.;Pascal Peeters.;Viktor Chrobok.;Pavla Kriz.;Elena Novakova.;Eva Kaliskova.;Igor Kohl.;Patricia Lommel.;Jan Poolman.;Jean-Paul Prieels.;Lode Schuerman.
来源: Lancet. 2006年367卷9512期740-8页
Acute otitis media is one of the most commonly-diagnosed childhood infections. This study assessed the efficacy of a novel vaccine that contained polysaccharides from 11 different Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes each conjugated to Haemophilus influenzae-derived protein D in prevention of acute otitis media.
1936. Seasonal intermittent preventive treatment with artesunate and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine for prevention of malaria in Senegalese children: a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial.
作者: Badara Cissé.;Cheikh Sokhna.;Denis Boulanger.;Jacqueline Milet.;El Hadj Bâ.;Keshena Richardson.;Rachel Hallett.;Colin Sutherland.;Kirsten Simondon.;François Simondon.;Neal Alexander.;Oumar Gaye.;Geoffrey Targett.;Jo Lines.;Brian Greenwood.;Jean-François Trape.
来源: Lancet. 2006年367卷9511期659-67页
In the Sahel and sub-Sahelian regions of Africa, malaria transmission is highly seasonal. During a short period of high malaria transmission, mortality and morbidity are high in children under age 5 years. We assessed the efficacy of seasonal intermittent preventive treatment-a full dose of antimalarial treatment given at defined times without previous testing for malaria infection.
1937. Primary versus tenecteplase-facilitated percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction (ASSENT-4 PCI): randomised trial.
Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is more effective than fibrinolytic therapy for ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction (STEMI), but time to intervention can be considerable. Our aim was to investigate whether the administration of full-dose tenecteplase before a delayed PCI could mitigate the negative effect of this delay.
1938. The PINE study of epidural steroids and local anaesthetics to prevent postherpetic neuralgia: a randomised controlled trial.
作者: Albert J M van Wijck.;Wim Opstelten.;Karel G M Moons.;Gerrit A van Essen.;Robert J Stolker.;Cornelis J Kalkman.;Theo J M Verheij.
来源: Lancet. 2006年367卷9506期219-24页
Postherpetic neuralgia is the most frequent complication of herpes zoster. Treatment of this neuropathic pain syndrome is difficult and often disappointing. We assessed the effectiveness of a single epidural injection of steroids and local anaesthetics for prevention of postherpetic neuralgia in older patients with herpes zoster.
1939. Effect of routine prophylactic supplementation with iron and folic acid on preschool child mortality in southern Nepal: community-based, cluster-randomised, placebo-controlled trial.
作者: James M Tielsch.;Subarna K Khatry.;Rebecca J Stoltzfus.;Joanne Katz.;Steven C LeClerq.;Ramesh Adhikari.;Luke C Mullany.;Shardaram Shresta.;Robert E Black.
来源: Lancet. 2006年367卷9505期144-52页
Iron deficiency is widespread in the developing world and is especially common in young children who live on the Indian subcontinent. Supplementation with iron and folic acid alleviates severe anaemia and enhances neurodevelopment in deficient populations, but little is known about the risks of mortality and morbidity associated with supplementation.
1940. Effects of routine prophylactic supplementation with iron and folic acid on admission to hospital and mortality in preschool children in a high malaria transmission setting: community-based, randomised, placebo-controlled trial.
作者: Sunil Sazawal.;Robert E Black.;Mahdi Ramsan.;Hababu M Chwaya.;Rebecca J Stoltzfus.;Arup Dutta.;Usha Dhingra.;Ibrahim Kabole.;Saikat Deb.;Mashavi K Othman.;Fatma M Kabole.
来源: Lancet. 2006年367卷9505期133-43页
Anaemia caused by iron deficiency is common in children younger than age 5 years in eastern Africa. However, there is concern that universal supplementation of children with iron and folic acid in areas of high malaria transmission might be harmful.
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