当前位置: 首页 >> 检索结果
1781. Multiple-dose activated charcoal in acute self-poisoning: a randomised controlled trial.
作者: Michael Eddleston.;Edmund Juszczak.;Nick A Buckley.;Lalith Senarathna.;Fahim Mohamed.;Wasantha Dissanayake.;Ariyasena Hittarage.;Shifa Azher.;K Jeganathan.;Shaluka Jayamanne.;Mh Rezvi Sheriff.;David A Warrell.; .
来源: Lancet. 2008年371卷9612期579-87页
The case-fatality for intentional self-poisoning in the rural developing world is 10-50-fold higher than that in industrialised countries, mostly because of the use of highly toxic pesticides and plants. We therefore aimed to assess whether routine treatment with multiple-dose activated charcoal, to interrupt enterovascular or enterohepatic circulations, offers benefit compared with no charcoal in such an environment.
1782. Immediate angioplasty versus standard therapy with rescue angioplasty after thrombolysis in the Combined Abciximab REteplase Stent Study in Acute Myocardial Infarction (CARESS-in-AMI): an open, prospective, randomised, multicentre trial.
作者: Carlo Di Mario.;Dariusz Dudek.;Federico Piscione.;Waldemar Mielecki.;Stefano Savonitto.;Ernesto Murena.;Konstantinos Dimopoulos.;Antonio Manari.;Achille Gaspardone.;Andrzej Ochala.;Krzysztof Zmudka.;Leonardo Bolognese.;Philippe Gabriel Steg.;Marcus Flather.; .
来源: Lancet. 2008年371卷9612期559-68页
Thrombolysis remains the treatment of choice in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) when primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) cannot be done within 90 min. However, the best subsequent management of patients after thrombolytic therapy remains unclear. To assess the best management, we randomised patients with STEMI treated by thrombolysis and abciximab at a non-interventional hospital to immediate transfer for PCI, or to standard medical therapy with transfer for rescue angioplasty.
1783. Probiotic prophylaxis in predicted severe acute pancreatitis: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
作者: Marc Gh Besselink.;Hjalmar C van Santvoort.;Erik Buskens.;Marja A Boermeester.;Harry van Goor.;Harro M Timmerman.;Vincent B Nieuwenhuijs.;Thomas L Bollen.;Bert van Ramshorst.;Ben Jm Witteman.;Camiel Rosman.;Rutger J Ploeg.;Menno A Brink.;Alexander Fm Schaapherder.;Cornelis Hc Dejong.;Peter J Wahab.;Cees Jhm van Laarhoven.;Erwin van der Harst.;Casper Hj van Eijck.;Miguel A Cuesta.;Louis Ma Akkermans.;Hein G Gooszen.; .
来源: Lancet. 2008年371卷9613期651-659页
Infectious complications and associated mortality are a major concern in acute pancreatitis. Enteral administration of probiotics could prevent infectious complications, but convincing evidence is scarce. Our aim was to assess the effects of probiotic prophylaxis in patients with predicted severe acute pancreatitis.
1784. Effects of antenatal multiple micronutrient supplementation on children's weight and size at 2 years of age in Nepal: follow-up of a double-blind randomised controlled trial.
作者: Anjana Vaidya.;Naomi Saville.;Bhim Prasad Shrestha.;Anthony M de L Costello.;Dharma S Manandhar.;David Osrin.
来源: Lancet. 2008年371卷9611期492-9页
The negative effects of low birthweight on the later health of children in developing countries have been well studied. However, undertaking programmes to address this issue can be difficult since there is no simple correlation between increasing birthweight and improving child health. In 2005, we published results of a randomised controlled trial in Nepal, in which 1200 women received either iron and folic acid or a supplement that provided the recommended daily allowance of 15 vitamins and minerals, over the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. Here, we report on 2-3 years' follow-up of children born during the trial.
1785. Effect of a nutrition intervention during early childhood on economic productivity in Guatemalan adults.
作者: John Hoddinott.;John A Maluccio.;Jere R Behrman.;Rafael Flores.;Reynaldo Martorell.
来源: Lancet. 2008年371卷9610期411-6页
Substantial, but indirect, evidence suggests that improving nutrition in early childhood in developing countries is a long-term economic investment. We investigated the direct effect of a nutrition intervention in early childhood on adult economic productivity.
1786. Efficacy of romiplostim in patients with chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura: a double-blind randomised controlled trial.
作者: David J Kuter.;James B Bussel.;Roger M Lyons.;Vinod Pullarkat.;Terry B Gernsheimer.;Francis M Senecal.;Louis M Aledort.;James N George.;Craig M Kessler.;Miguel A Sanz.;Howard A Liebman.;Frank T Slovick.;J Th M de Wolf.;Emmanuelle Bourgeois.;Troy H Guthrie.;Adrian Newland.;Jeffrey S Wasser.;Solomon I Hamburg.;Carlos Grande.;François Lefrère.;Alan Eli Lichtin.;Michael D Tarantino.;Howard R Terebelo.;Jean-François Viallard.;Francis J Cuevas.;Ronald S Go.;David H Henry.;Robert L Redner.;Lawrence Rice.;Martin R Schipperus.;D Matthew Guo.;Janet L Nichol.
来源: Lancet. 2008年371卷9610期395-403页
Chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is characterised by accelerated platelet destruction and decreased platelet production. Short-term administration of the thrombopoiesis-stimulating protein, romiplostim, has been shown to increase platelet counts in most patients with chronic ITP. We assessed the long-term administration of romiplostim in splenectomised and non-splenectomised patients with ITP.
1787. Venous thromboembolism risk and prophylaxis in the acute hospital care setting (ENDORSE study): a multinational cross-sectional study.
作者: Alexander T Cohen.;Victor F Tapson.;Jean-Francois Bergmann.;Samuel Z Goldhaber.;Ajay K Kakkar.;Bruno Deslandes.;Wei Huang.;Maksim Zayaruzny.;Leigh Emery.;Frederick A Anderson.; .
来源: Lancet. 2008年371卷9610期387-94页
Information about the variation in the risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE) and in prophylaxis practices around the world is scarce. The ENDORSE (Epidemiologic International Day for the Evaluation of Patients at Risk for Venous Thromboembolism in the Acute Hospital Care Setting) study is a multinational cross-sectional survey designed to assess the prevalence of VTE risk in the acute hospital care setting, and to determine the proportion of at-risk patients who receive effective prophylaxis.
1788. Results of a non-specific immunomodulation therapy in chronic heart failure (ACCLAIM trial): a placebo-controlled randomised trial.
作者: Guillermo Torre-Amione.;Stefan D Anker.;Robert C Bourge.;Wilson S Colucci.;Barry H Greenberg.;Per Hildebrandt.;Andre Keren.;Michael Motro.;Lemuel A Moyé.;Jan Erik Otterstad.;Craig M Pratt.;Piotr Ponikowski.;Jean Lucien Rouleau.;Francois Sestier.;Bernhard R Winkelmann.;James B Young.; .
来源: Lancet. 2008年371卷9608期228-36页
Evidence suggests that inflammatory mediators contribute to development and progression of chronic heart failure. We therefore tested the hypothesis that immunomodulation might counteract this pathophysiological mechanism in patients.
1789. Effect of maternal multiple micronutrient supplementation on fetal loss and infant death in Indonesia: a double-blind cluster-randomised trial.
作者: .;A H Shankar.;A B Jahari.;S K Sebayang.; Aditiawarman.;M Apriatni.;B Harefa.;H Muadz.;S D A Soesbandoro.;R Tjiong.;A Fachry.;A V Shankar.; Atmarita.;S Prihatini.;G Sofia.
来源: Lancet. 2008年371卷9608期215-27页
Maternal nutrient supplementation in developing countries is generally restricted to provision of iron and folic acid (IFA). Change in practice toward supplementation with multiple micronutrients (MMN) has been hindered by little evidence of the effects of MMN on fetal loss and infant death. We assessed the effect of maternal supplementation with MMN, compared with IFA, on fetal loss and infant death in the setting of routine prenatal care services.
1790. Efficacy of modified-release versus standard prednisone to reduce duration of morning stiffness of the joints in rheumatoid arthritis (CAPRA-1): a double-blind, randomised controlled trial.
作者: Frank Buttgereit.;Gisela Doering.;Achim Schaeffler.;Stephan Witte.;Stanislaw Sierakowski.;Erika Gromnica-Ihle.;Slawomir Jeka.;Klaus Krueger.;Jacek Szechinski.;Rieke Alten.
来源: Lancet. 2008年371卷9608期205-14页
Circadian rhythms are changed in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. A new modified-release delivery system has been developed which adapts the release of the administered glucocorticoid to the circadian rhythms of endogenous cortisol and disease symptoms to improve the benefit-risk ratio of glucocorticoid therapy in rheumatoid arthritis. We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of a new modified-release prednisone tablet compared with immediate-release prednisone in patients with this disease.
1791. Efficacy and safety of a paired sedation and ventilator weaning protocol for mechanically ventilated patients in intensive care (Awakening and Breathing Controlled trial): a randomised controlled trial.
作者: Timothy D Girard.;John P Kress.;Barry D Fuchs.;Jason W W Thomason.;William D Schweickert.;Brenda T Pun.;Darren B Taichman.;Jan G Dunn.;Anne S Pohlman.;Paul A Kinniry.;James C Jackson.;Angelo E Canonico.;Richard W Light.;Ayumi K Shintani.;Jennifer L Thompson.;Sharon M Gordon.;Jesse B Hall.;Robert S Dittus.;Gordon R Bernard.;E Wesley Ely.
来源: Lancet. 2008年371卷9607期126-34页
Approaches to removal of sedation and mechanical ventilation for critically ill patients vary widely. Our aim was to assess a protocol that paired spontaneous awakening trials (SATs)-ie, daily interruption of sedatives-with spontaneous breathing trials (SBTs).
1792. Risperidone, haloperidol, and placebo in the treatment of aggressive challenging behaviour in patients with intellectual disability: a randomised controlled trial.
作者: Peter Tyrer.;Patricia C Oliver-Africano.;Zed Ahmed.;Nick Bouras.;Sherva Cooray.;Shoumitro Deb.;Declan Murphy.;Monica Hare.;Michael Meade.;Ben Reece.;Kofi Kramo.;Sabyasachi Bhaumik.;David Harley.;Adrienne Regan.;David Thomas.;Bharti Rao.;Bernard North.;Joseph Eliahoo.;Shamshad Karatela.;Anju Soni.;Mike Crawford.
来源: Lancet. 2008年371卷9606期57-63页
Aggressive challenging behaviour is frequently reported in adults with intellectual disability and it is often treated with antipsychotic drugs. However, no adequate evidence base for this practice exists. We compared flexible doses of haloperidol (a typical, first-generation antipsychotic drug), risperidone (an atypical, second-generation antipsychotic), and placebo, in the treatment of this behaviour.
1793. Ambulatory short-course high-dose oral amoxicillin for treatment of severe pneumonia in children: a randomised equivalency trial.
作者: Tabish Hazir.;LeAnne M Fox.;Yasir Bin Nisar.;Matthew P Fox.;Yusra Pervaiz Ashraf.;William B MacLeod.;Afroze Ramzan.;Sajid Maqbool.;Tahir Masood.;Waqar Hussain.;Asifa Murtaza.;Nadeem Khawar.;Parveen Tariq.;Rai Asghar.;Jonathon L Simon.;Donald M Thea.;Shamim A Qazi.; .
来源: Lancet. 2008年371卷9606期49-56页
WHO case management guidelines for severe pneumonia involve referral to hospital for treatment with parenteral antibiotics. If equally as effective as parenteral treatment, home-based oral antibiotic treatment could reduce referral, admission, and treatment costs. Our aim was to determine whether home treatment with high-dose oral amoxicillin and inpatient treatment with parenteral ampicillin were equivalent for the treatment of severe pneumonia in children.
1794. Efficacy of a theory-based behavioural intervention to increase physical activity in an at-risk group in primary care (ProActive UK): a randomised trial.
作者: Ann-Louise Kinmonth.;Nicholas J Wareham.;Wendy Hardeman.;Stephen Sutton.;A Toby Prevost.;Tom Fanshawe.;Kate M Williams.;Ulf Ekelund.;David Spiegelhalter.;Simon J Griffin.
来源: Lancet. 2008年371卷9606期41-8页
Declining physical activity is associated with a rising burden of global disease. Efforts to reverse this trend have not been successful. We aimed to assess the efficacy of a facilitated behavioural intervention to increase the physical activity of sedentary individuals at familial risk of diabetes.
1795. Mechanical bowel preparation for elective colorectal surgery: a multicentre randomised trial.
作者: Caroline M E Contant.;Wim C J Hop.;Hans Pieter van't Sant.;Henk J M Oostvogel.;Harm J Smeets.;Laurents P S Stassen.;Peter A Neijenhuis.;Floris J Idenburg.;Cees M Dijkhuis.;Piet Heres.;Willem F van Tets.;Jos J G M Gerritsen.;Wibo F Weidema.
来源: Lancet. 2007年370卷9605期2112-7页
Mechanical bowel preparation is a common practice before elective colorectal surgery. We aimed to compare the rate of anastomotic leakage after elective colorectal resections and primary anastomoses between patients who did or did not have mechanical bowel preparation.
1796. Bevacizumab plus interferon alfa-2a for treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma: a randomised, double-blind phase III trial.
作者: Bernard Escudier.;Anna Pluzanska.;Piotr Koralewski.;Alain Ravaud.;Sergio Bracarda.;Cezary Szczylik.;Christine Chevreau.;Marek Filipek.;Bohuslav Melichar.;Emilio Bajetta.;Vera Gorbunova.;Jacques-Olivier Bay.;Istvan Bodrogi.;Agnieszka Jagiello-Gruszfeld.;Nicola Moore.; .
来源: Lancet. 2007年370卷9605期2103-11页
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibition is a valid therapeutic approach in renal cell carcinoma. Therefore, an investigation of the combination treatment of the humanised anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody bevacizumab with interferon alfa was warranted.
1798. Adjuvant chemotherapy versus observation in patients with colorectal cancer: a randomised study.
作者: .;Richard Gray.;Jennifer Barnwell.;Christopher McConkey.;Robert K Hills.;Norman S Williams.;David J Kerr.
来源: Lancet. 2007年370卷9604期2020-9页
The aim of the QUASAR trial was to determine the size and duration of any survival benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with colorectal cancer at low risk of recurrence, for whom the indication for such treatment is unclear.
|