With antiretroviral therapy, people with HIV can live a normal lifespan and not transmit HIV. The Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program provides care for over half of people with HIV in the United States.

GIM/FP/GP: [Formula: see text] Gastroenterology: [Formula: see text].

Providing personalized risk information to patients and their providers could improve colorectal cancer (CRC) screening.

GIM/FP/GP: [Formula: see text] Cardiology: [Formula: see text].

GIM/FP/GP: [Formula: see text] Pulmonology: [Formula: see text].

GIM/FP/GP: [Formula: see text] Public Health: [Formula: see text].

GIM/FP/GP: [Formula: see text] Neurology: [Formula: see text].

Emergency Med: [Formula: see text] GIM/FP/GP: [Formula: see text] Neurology: [Formula: see text].

GIM/FP/GP: [Formula: see text] Hematology: [Formula: see text] Neurology: [Formula: see text].

GIM/FP/GP: [Formula: see text] Cardiology: [Formula: see text].

Emergency Med: [Formula: see text] GIM/FP/GP: [Formula: see text] Neurology: [Formula: see text].

GIM/FP/GP: [Formula: see text] Cardiology: [Formula: see text] Endocrinology: [Formula: see text].

This article examines the ethical challenges that medical experts have navigated when mobilizing biological and psychological evidence to advocate for transgender patients in legal proceedings across a quarter of a century. In 2002, clinicians from a private clinic in Galveston, Texas, testified on behalf of Michael Kantaras, a transgender male patient, during his divorce and custody trial. Presenting gender identity as an innate product of neuroendocrine development, medical experts in Kantaras v. Kantaras challenged portrayals of gender dysphoria as a psychological illness resulting from sociocultural factors. Although this biological argument was key to destigmatizing transgender identity and convincing the judge to rule in Michael's favor, transgender advocates have argued that such claims strengthen medical authority over transgender identities. The article draws parallels with L.W. v. Skrmetti, a 2023 case heard by the U.S. Supreme Court concerning bans on gender-affirming care for transgender minors, to analyze how physician experts have referenced neuroimaging and genetic-sequencing studies to support the biological foundations of transgender identity. Transgender advocates have similarly expressed concerns about the medicalization of their identities, criticizing these studies as limited with regard to capturing the diversity and complexity of transgender experiences. Through analysis of historical and contemporary court cases, this article identifies shifting evidence-based methods for studying sex, understanding gender identity, and evaluating gender-affirming care, as well as the rising prominence of patient-centered approaches that seek to move beyond medicalized conceptions of gender identity as key themes clinicians should consider in their advocacy for their transgender patients.

Limited research has been done to evaluate the combined effect of energy reduction, Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), and physical activity on type 2 diabetes incidence.

Rapid changes in the legalized cannabis market have led to the predominance of high-concentration delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) cannabis products.

Scarcity of data on the value of long-term routine laboratory toxicity monitoring (lt-RLTM) during disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) use results in frequent monitoring in clinical practice.

Analyses of clinical trials find that an intensive systolic blood pressure (SBP) target of less than 120 mm Hg is cost-effective compared with a target of less than 140 mm Hg for patients at high cardiovascular disease risk. However, guidelines from the American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association recommend a target of less than 130 mm Hg, citing blood pressure measurement error in routine practice.

Optimal transfusion strategies for patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) are uncertain. The aim of this guideline is to provide recommendations for red blood cell transfusion in patients with AMI.

Accurate blood pressure measurement (BPM) is essential for managing hypertension, but previous studies have not systematically compared different monitoring methods across varying BP levels. To address this gap, a comprehensive analysis using network meta-analysis (NMA) and meta-regression was done to evaluate their agreement and clinical implications.

The U.S. health care system is experiencing numerous supply chain disruptions, including for important medications. Prescription drug shortages have been at record levels and have affected more drugs in recent years, especially generic sterile injectables and other low-margin medications. These shortages arise from a confluence of factors, including the complexity of the entire production and delivery supply chain, quality issues, outdated manufacturing facilities and practices, drug purchasing policies that prioritize lowest price over reliable production, changes in prescribing and usage patterns, geopolitical constraints, and market concentration, among other factors. When prescription drugs are in shortage, patients face negative health outcomes due to being unable to obtain necessary treatments, the stress associated with securing medications, and adverse effects from alternative treatments. Physicians also face substantial burden in navigating drug shortages because they must expend time and resources in identifying alternative treatment options and obtaining prior authorization for the coverage of alternative drugs, negatively affecting the patient-physician relationship. Policymakers, regulators, manufacturers, health systems, health professionals, and other relevant entities must collaborate to further efforts to ameliorate drug shortages and promote equitable access to treatments. In addition to short-term measures to address the immediate effect of drug shortages, policymakers, manufacturers, and drug purchasers should also undertake efforts to prevent future drug shortages by investing in, strengthening, and diversifying prescription drug supply chains and incentivizing procurement practices that emphasize reliable and sustainable production practices. Such efforts must be undergirded by policies to improve monitoring of and transparency into the prescription drug supply chain.