The benefit of regional nodal irradiation in the treatment of breast cancer is well established for patients with pathologically positive axillary nodes, but whether it is also beneficial for patients whose nodes become pathologically tumor free (ypN0) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy remains unclear.

We assessed long-term safety, efficacy, and health-related quality of life during the continuation phase after 3 years' follow-up in PHranceSCa (NCT03674112).

MET-based resistance following osimertinib treatment for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutated advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is common. We report the primary analysis of the phase II SAVANNAH study (NCT03778229) evaluating savolitinib plus osimertinib in this setting.

OVATION-2, a randomized, controlled, open label phase 1/2 study, evaluated the safety and efficacy of IMNN-001, an IL-12 immune gene therapy, with neo/adjuvant chemotherapy (N/ACT) compared to N/ACT in newly-diagnosed advanced epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC).

Thorough radical surgery improves the survival rate of patients with advanced buccal cancer, and proper restoration can reduce complications and improve quality of life. To meet tissue the requirements of the recipient area, we proposed a modified 'sandwich' technique, using an anterolateral thigh (ALT) chimeric myocutaneous flap. In total, 120 patients were randomly divided into two groups of 60, treated using either the 'sandwich' technique or the conventional method. Perioperative recovery was recorded postoperatively. Additionally, postoperative function, appearance, and quality of life were regularly evaluated during the postoperative follow-up. The 5-year overall survival rates were 58.33 % and 53.33 % in the 'sandwich' and conventional groups, respectively (p = 0.50). The 'sandwich' technique was superior to the conventional method in terms of postoperative complications, including wound infection, prolonged wound healing time, titanium plate exposure, reoperation, and postoperative function, including degree of mouth opening, oral alimentation interval, decannulation, appearance, and postoperative quality of life (all p < 0.01). No significant difference was observed in lower extremity function between the two groups (p = 0.48). The rational application of the 'sandwich' technique using the ALT chimeric musculocutaneous flap is advantageous because of the characteristics of the various tissues - it is practical, economical, and effective.

The optimal approach for prostate cancer (PC) screening, including the ideal starting age and most effective diagnostic method, remains under investigation. We evaluated the diagnostic performance of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-targeted biopsy (TBx) and systematic biopsy (SBx) in detecting clinically significant PC (csPC) in men aged 45-50 yr in PROBASE, a prospective, randomized trial of a risk-adapted screening strategy. A total of 525 participants with elevated prostate-specific antigen (≥3 ng/ml) underwent MRI followed by biopsy. Of the 209 PC cases detected, 148 (71%) were csPC. SBx identified 94% of csPC cases, while TBx detected 74% (p ≤ 0.05). SBx also diagnosed significantly more low-grade PCs than TBx (p < 0.001). These findings suggest that relying solely on MRI-TBx may lead to underdiagnosis of csPC. Combining SBx with TBx remains the most effective strategy for early detection of PC in young men undergoing screening. Future research should explore optimization strategies to reduce unnecessary biopsies while maintaining high detection rates for csPC. This trial is registered on the ISRCTN registry as ISRCTN37591328 (https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN37591328). The study protocol can be accessed at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2013.05.022.

Claudin-18 isoform 2 (CLDN18.2) has emerged as a promising therapeutic target in gastric or gastro-oesophageal junction cancer. Satricabtagene autoleucel (satri-cel; also known as CT041), an autologous CLDN18.2-specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, showed encouraging activity in previously treated patients with advanced gastric or gastro-oesophageal junction cancer in phase 1 clinical trials. In this Article, we report the primary results from the phase 2 pivotal trial (CT041-ST-01) investigating the efficacy and safety of satri-cel for gastric or gastro-oesophageal junction cancer.

Sacituzumab govitecan (SG) is a trophoblast cell-surface antigen 2-directed antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) approved in multiple countries for relapsed/refractory metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC) based on results from the phase III ASCENT study. The incidence of obesity has grown to epidemic proportions in recent decades; it is unclear what impact this has on treatment outcomes, especially for ADCs like SG that have weight-based dosing. We report the association of body mass index (BMI) with efficacy and safety of SG versus chemotherapy among patients with mTNBC from the ASCENT study.

The EORTC 1333 'PEACE-3' study investigated the combination of enzalutamide and 6 monthly injections of radium-223 (Ra223) in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) and bone metastases.

To report the results of the multicenter, open-label IRAKLIA trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05405166) of isatuximab subcutaneous (SC) versus intravenous (IV), plus pomalidomide and dexamethasone, in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (MM), to our knowledge, the first phase III MM trial using an on-body injector (OBI).

Gastric adenocarcinoma is a common and severe type of malignancy. Treatment for advanced cases involves neoadjuvant chemotherapy before surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy if needed.

Avelumab first-line maintenance is a recommended treatment option for patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma (la/mUC) without progression following platinum-based chemotherapy (PBC). The JAVELIN Bladder Medley phase II trial is investigating the efficacy and safety of maintenance treatment with avelumab combined with other antitumor agents versus avelumab monotherapy. We report an interim analysis of avelumab plus sacituzumab govitecan (SG) versus avelumab monotherapy.

Robotic surgery for rectal cancer is widely used, but data on long-term oncological outcomes are still lacking.

The INTEGRATE phase 3 trial in advanced gastric and esophagogastric junction cancer involved pooling overall survival data with its preceding phase 2 trial, raising concerns about misalignment due to treatment switching in phase 2, or the "winner's curse." We evaluated phase 2 results, adjusted for these opposing effects, against phase 3 according to the prespecified statistical analysis plan.

High grade vaginal squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) (or vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia; VAIN) is a rare human papillomavirus (HPV)-related cancer precursor, which is commonly treated with laser vaporisation or other surgical methods to prevent progression to invasion. Vaginal HSIL has a substantial tendency to relapse despite treatment, for which HPV persistence is a known risk factor. Imiquimod is a topically applied immunomodulator and has shown promise in the treatment of high-grade HPV-related genital cancer precursors. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and patient compliance of self-administered vaginal imiquimod in comparison to laser vaporisation in the treatment of vaginal HSIL. We recruited 56 women with histological vaginal HSIL into a randomised controlled trial of laser vaporisation and self-administered vaginal imiquimod with follow-up up to 6 months. Follow-up visits included colposcopy, punch biopsies, and cervical or vaginal swabs for HPV genotyping. In per protocol analyses of 26 women in the laser arm and 27 women in the imiquimod arm, 53.8% and 77.8% (p = 0.07), respectively, showed histological regression at the end of the study. No progressions to invasion were detected during the study period. Genotype-specific post-treatment negativity for HPV occurred in 16.7% of the laser group and in 39.1% of the imiquimod group (p = 0.12). Imiquimod had short-term adverse effects, but 93% completed treatment as instructed. We conclude that vaginal imiquimod is an effective treatment for vaginal HSIL and could be considered an alternative to laser vaporisation.

Vepdegestrant is an oral proteolysis-targeting chimera (PROTAC) estrogen receptor (ER) degrader that directly harnesses the ubiquitin-proteasome system.

Perioperative FLOT (fluorouracil, leucovorin, oxaliplatin, and docetaxel) is a standard therapy for resectable gastric and gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinomas, but recurrence rates remain high. Immunotherapy plus chemotherapy may improve outcomes.

In the phase 3, double-blind, randomized INAVO120 trial, treatment with inavolisib plus palbociclib-fulvestrant led to a significant progression-free survival benefit, as compared with placebo plus palbociclib-fulvestrant, among patients with PIK3CA-mutated, hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer who had had relapse during or within 12 months after completion of adjuvant endocrine therapy.

Patients who have cutaneous squamous-cell carcinoma with high-risk features are at risk for recurrence after definitive local therapy. The benefit of systemic adjuvant therapy options has not been well established in clinical trials.

On the basis of phase 2 studies, trastuzumab deruxtecan was approved for patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive metastatic gastric cancer or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma who had previously received trastuzumab-based therapy. Ramucirumab plus paclitaxel is also a standard second-line treatment option regardless of HER2 status.