The relationship between the newly proposed steatotic liver disease (SLD) subtypes-metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and metabolic alcohol-associated liver disease (MetALD)-and dementia is understudied. We evaluated the dementia risk associated with these subtypes.

Some pancreatic cystic lesions (PCLs) have the risk of malignant transformation, but the complications of pancreatic surgery are high, and minimally invasive treatment is imperative. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) -guided ablation has been utilized to treat pancreatic cysts. We undertook the meta-analysis and systematic review to assess the efficacy and safety of this technique in PCLs.

One key area of interest in gastroenterology research is the relationship between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Several studies have shown varying results regarding the prevalence of H. pylori in IBD patients and its impact on disease progression, severity, and overall outcome.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a widespread incurable chronic inflammation of the colon mucosa. Currently, oral small-molecule medications targeting Janus kinase or sphingosine-1-phosphate and monoclonal antibodies to TNF-α,α4β7 integrins and Ustekinumab are the lines of treatment for UC. Up to 50% of patients either do not react to initial treatment or lose response over time, emphasizing the need for innovative treatment. Mirikizumab, a humanized IgG4-variant monoclonal antibody, binds to subunit p19 of interleukin-23. This systematic review aims to evaluate Mirikizumab compared to placebo in treating moderate-to-severe active UC. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and using the Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, Study design (PICOS) model for inclusion and exclusion criteria, we systematically reviewed the literature. Our inclusion criteria encompassed randomized controlled trials assessing Mirikizumab efficacy in treating UC across demographics. We employed the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool (RoB1) to investigate bias within included studies across its seven domains. The statistical analysis was conducted using Review Manager Version 5 software. Four studies were included, comparing patients treated with mirikizumab to placebo groups. All doses of mirikizumab administered intravenously demonstrated clinical remission, specifically, the 200 mg and 300 mg doses showed significant efficacy, with risk ratios of 4.74 (95% CI [1.43, 15.69]) and 1.82 (95% CI [1.33, 2.50]), respectively. During the maintenance phase of extension trials, symptoms subsided with a subcutaneous 200 mg dose (RR = 1.46, 95% CI [0.47, 4.51], P = 0.51). To conclude, mirikizumab demonstrates significant efficacy in treating UC, substaintially improving clinical, endoscopic, and histological outcomes.

Pancreatic head-type autoimmune pancreatitis (PH-AIP) with elevated CA19-9 is sometimes difficult to distinguish from pancreatic head cancer (PHC) with elevated CA19-9. At times, IgG4 proves inadequate in offering assistance. The study aimed to elucidate the performance of CA19-9/DBil in distinguishing between the two conditions.

The differentiation characteristics of neutrophils within the gastric cancer (GC) tumor microenvironment (TME) and their interactions with malignant gastric epithelial cells require further investigation. Furthermore, the therapeutic potential of tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) in immunotherapy remains inadequately explored.

Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers, including gastric, colorectal, and esophageal cancers, pose a significant global health burden. Despite advancements in diagnostic tools, early detection remains challenging, particularly in low-resource settings. Emerging evidence highlights the platelet-to-high-density lipoprotein ratio (PHR) as a novel biomarker integrating systemic inflammation and lipid metabolism. However, its association with GI cancer risk remains underexplored.

Sarcopenia is prevalent in patients with chronic liver diseases, especially in cirrhosis patients. While sarcopenia is identified as a predictor of mortality in cirrhosis, its influence on acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) remains unclear. This systematic review with meta-analysis aimed to explore the prognostic value of sarcopenia in ACLF patients.

Emergency pancreaticoduodenectomy (EPD) is an uncommon abdominal surgical procedure primarily performed in patients with severe acute abdominal trauma. Performing EPD requires strict surgical criteria, advanced technical expertise, and comprehensive postoperative management. Limited research exists regarding the indications for non-traumatic EPD. Thus, the objective of this study was to synthesize and analyze recent cases of non-traumatic EPD, thereby enhancing the comprehension of this urgent surgical measure.

This study aimed to evaluate the burden and trends of paralytic ileus and bowel obstruction in individuals aged ≥ 65 years, offering insights into prevention, treatment, and healthcare policy.

The platelet-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio(PHR), a novel marker of inflammatory response and metabolic dysregulation, has been linked to various chronic conditions.This study aimed to evaluate the association between PHR and the prevalence of gallstones.

Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) remains a significant yet poorly understood public health issue in Africa, despite its declining prevalence in Western countries. Studies from Africa report a highly variable burden, with the highest prevalence observed in West Africa and the lowest in Southern Africa. However, the overall burden of PUD in Africa, its patterns (duodenal ulcers, gastric ulcers, and coexisting ulcers), and its association with H. pylori infection remain unclear.

Inguinal, femoral, and abdominal wall hernias represent significant health and economic burdens globally, particularly among adults aged 45 and older. In 2021, the Global Burden of Disease Study reported 1.72 million new cases, 6.75 million prevalent cases, and over 41,000 deaths in this population. While age-standardized rates have declined with improved healthcare, absolute burden continues to rise due to population growth and aging. Gender disparities remain pronounced, with men experiencing sevenfold higher incidence than women. This study analyzes global hernia trends, determinants, future projections, and the association between health workforce distribution and hernia burden to inform targeted interventions.

The distinction between complicated appendicitis (CAP) and uncomplicated appendicitis (UAP) remains challenging. The purpose of this study was to construct a safe and economical diagnostic model that can accurately and rapidly differentiate between CAP and UAP.

Esophageal cancer (EC), particularly esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), is a major global health issue with high incidence and mortality rates in Asia. This study examines the impact of occupational background on the long-term survival of ESCC patients following esophagectomy.

To develop a systematic and efficient decision tree analysis (DTA) model to improve the diagnostic accuracy of transient small-bowel intussusception (TSBI) and persistent small-bowel intussusception (PSBI) in children.

Gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) is associated with high mortality rates among critically ill patients. The hemoglobin-to-red blood cell distribution width ratio (HRR) has recently emerged as a potential prognostic marker in various clinical settings. However, the association between HRR and prognosis in critically ill patients with GIB is unclear.

This study aimed to assess the prevalence of periampullary diverticulum (PAD) among endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) patients in Southwestern Turkey and investigate the association between the new PAD classification, post-ERCP hyperamylasemia, and post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP).

Drug resistance reflects the evolution of tumors and represents the leading factor behind recurrence and death. Lenvatinib is the first-line therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but its effectiveness is limited by rapid development of resistance. Therefore, we aimed to identify lenvatinib resistance-related genes and assess their influence on prognosis and treatment response in HCC.

Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle biopsy (EUS-FNB) is a widely utilized and relatively safe procedure for diagnosing pancreatic diseases. Although early feeding post-EUS-FNB is clinically advantageous, consensus regarding the optimal feeding time in current guidelines remains lacking. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of early feeding after EUS-FNB.