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141. Deterioration of Nighttime Respiratory Mechanics in COPD: Impact of Bronchodilator Therapy.
作者: Nicolle J Domnik.;Matthew D James.;Robin E Scheeren.;Grace A Ayoo.;Sarah M Taylor.;Amanda T Di Luch.;Kathryn M Milne.;Sandra G Vincent.;Devin B Phillips.;Amany F Elbehairy.;Sophie J Crinion.;Helen S Driver.;J Alberto Neder.;Denis E O'Donnell.
来源: Chest. 2021年159卷1期116-127页
COPD is associated with nighttime respiratory symptoms, poor sleep quality, and increased risk of nocturnal death. Overnight deterioration of inspiratory capacity (IC) and FEV1 have been documented previously. However, the precise nature of this deterioration and mechanisms by which evening bronchodilation may mitigate this occurrence have not been studied.
142. Evidence for Expanding Invasive Mediastinal Staging for Peripheral T1 Lung Tumors.
作者: Emily A DuComb.;Benjamin A Tonelli.;Ya Tuo.;Bernard F Cole.;Vitor Mori.;Jason H T Bates.;George R Washko.;Raúl San José Estépar.;C Matthew Kinsey.
来源: Chest. 2020年158卷5期2192-2199页
Guidelines recommend invasive mediastinal staging for patients with non-small cell lung cancer and a "central" tumor. However, there is no consensus definition for central location. As such, the decision to perform invasive staging largely remains on an empirical foundation.
143. Intensity of Renal Replacement Therapy and Duration of Mechanical Ventilation: Secondary Analysis of the Acute Renal Failure Trial Network Study.
作者: Shilpa Sharma.;Yvelynne P Kelly.;Paul M Palevsky.;Sushrut S Waikar.
来源: Chest. 2020年158卷4期1473-1481页
Randomized clinical trials have failed to show benefit from increasing intensity of renal replacement therapy (RRT) for acute kidney injury, but continue to be frequently used. In addition, intensive RRT is associated with an increase in adverse events potentially secondary to small solute losses, such as phosphate. We hypothesized that, compared with less-intensive RRT, intensive RRT would lead to longer duration of mechanical ventilation.
144. Pressure-Support Ventilation vs T-Piece During Spontaneous Breathing Trials Before Extubation Among Patients at High Risk of Extubation Failure: A Post-Hoc Analysis of a Clinical Trial.
作者: Arnaud W Thille.;Rémi Coudroy.;Mai-Anh Nay.;Arnaud Gacouin.;Alexandre Demoule.;Romain Sonneville.;François Beloncle.;Christophe Girault.;Laurence Dangers.;Alexandre Lautrette.;Quentin Levrat.;Anahita Rouzé.;Emmanuel Vivier.;Jean-Baptiste Lascarrou.;Jean-Damien Ricard.;Keyvan Razazi.;Guillaume Barberet.;Christine Lebert.;Stephan Ehrmann.;Alexandre Massri.;Jeremy Bourenne.;Gael Pradel.;Pierre Bailly.;Nicolas Terzi.;Jean Dellamonica.;Guillaume Lacave.;René Robert.;Stéphanie Ragot.;Jean-Pierre Frat.; .
来源: Chest. 2020年158卷4期1446-1455页
Spontaneous breathing trial (SBT) using a T-piece remains the most frequently performed trial before extubation in ICUs.
145. Fluid Response Evaluation in Sepsis Hypotension and Shock: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Ivor S Douglas.;Philip M Alapat.;Keith A Corl.;Matthew C Exline.;Lui G Forni.;Andre L Holder.;David A Kaufman.;Akram Khan.;Mitchell M Levy.;Gregory S Martin.;Jennifer A Sahatjian.;Eric Seeley.;Wesley H Self.;Jeremy A Weingarten.;Mark Williams.;Douglas M Hansell.
来源: Chest. 2020年158卷4期1431-1445页
Fluid and vasopressor management in septic shock remains controversial. In this randomized controlled trial, we evaluated the efficacy of dynamic measures (stroke volume change during passive leg raise) to guide resuscitation and improve patient outcome.
146. Long-term Noninvasive Ventilation in Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome Without Severe OSA: The Pickwick Randomized Controlled Trial.
作者: Juan F Masa.;Iván Benítez.;Maria Á Sánchez-Quiroga.;Francisco J Gomez de Terreros.;Jaime Corral.;Auxiliadora Romero.;Candela Caballero-Eraso.;Maria L Alonso-Álvarez.;Estrella Ordax-Carbajo.;Teresa Gomez-Garcia.;Mónica González.;Soledad López-Martín.;José M Marin.;Sergi Martí.;Trinidad Díaz-Cambriles.;Eusebi Chiner.;Carlos Egea.;Javier Barca.;Francisco J Vázquez-Polo.;Miguel A Negrín.;María Martel-Escobar.;Ferrán Barbé.;Babak Mokhlesi.; .
来源: Chest. 2020年158卷3期1176-1186页
Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) is an effective form of treatment in obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS) with severe OSA. However, there is paucity of evidence in patients with OHS without severe OSA phenotype.
147. Pneumonia and Exposure to Household Air Pollution in Children Under the Age of 5 Years in Rural Malawi: Findings From the Cooking and Pneumonia Study.
作者: Kevin Mortimer.;Maia Lesosky.;Sean Semple.;Jullita Malava.;Cynthia Katundu.;Amelia Crampin.;Duolao Wang.;William Weston.;Dan Pope.;Deborah Havens.;Stephen B Gordon.;John Balmes.
来源: Chest. 2020年158卷2期501-511页
Exposure to household air pollution is associated with an increased risk of pneumonia in children in low- and middle-income countries; however, exposure-response data are limited, and there are uncertainties around the extent to which biomass-fueled cookstoves can reduce these exposures.
148. Re-evaluation of the Uplift Clinical Trial Using Age-Appropriate Spirometric Criteria.
作者: Carlos A Vaz Fragoso.;Linda S Leo-Summers.;Thomas M Gill.;Gail J McAvay.
来源: Chest. 2020年158卷2期539-549页
The clinical trial of tiotropium in COPD, UPLIFT, enrolled adults with a mean age of 65 years and moderate-to-severe airflow obstruction, based on criteria from the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD). For the UPLIFT cohort, however, GOLD-based criteria are not age-appropriate.
149. Effect of Venlafaxine on Apnea-Hypopnea Index in Patients With Sleep Apnea: A Randomized, Double-Blind Crossover Study.
作者: Christopher N Schmickl.;Yanru Li.;Jeremy E Orr.;Rachel Jen.;Scott A Sands.;Bradley A Edwards.;Pamela DeYoung.;Robert L Owens.;Atul Malhotra.
来源: Chest. 2020年158卷2期765-775页
One of the key mechanisms underlying OSA is reduced pharyngeal muscle tone during sleep. Data suggest that pharmacologic augmentation of central serotonergic/adrenergic tone increases pharyngeal muscle tone.
150. Association of Guideline-Recommended COPD Inhaler Regimens With Mortality, Respiratory Exacerbations, and Quality of Life: A Secondary Analysis of the Long-Term Oxygen Treatment Trial.
作者: Thomas Keller.;Laura J Spece.;Lucas M Donovan.;Edmunds Udris.;Scott S Coggeshall.;Matthew Griffith.;Alexander D Bryant.;Richard Casaburi.;J Allen Cooper.;Gerard J Criner.;Philip T Diaz.;Anne L Fuhlbrigge.;Steven E Gay.;Richard E Kanner.;Fernando J Martinez.;Ralph J Panos.;David Shade.;Alice Sternberg.;Thomas Stibolt.;James K Stoller.;James Tonascia.;Robert Wise.;Roger D Yusen.;David H Au.;Laura C Feemster.
来源: Chest. 2020年158卷2期529-538页
Although inhaled therapy reduces exacerbations among patients with COPD, the effectiveness of providing inhaled treatment per risk stratification models remains unclear.
151. Effect of Intermittent or Continuous Feed on Muscle Wasting in Critical Illness: A Phase 2 Clinical Trial.
作者: Angela S McNelly.;Danielle E Bear.;Bronwen A Connolly.;Gill Arbane.;Laura Allum.;Azhar Tarbhai.;Jackie A Cooper.;Philip A Hopkins.;Matthew P Wise.;David Brealey.;Kieron Rooney.;Jason Cupitt.;Bryan Carr.;Kiran Koelfat.;Steven Olde Damink.;Philip J Atherton.;Nicholas Hart.;Hugh E Montgomery.;Zudin A Puthucheary.
来源: Chest. 2020年158卷1期183-194页
Acute skeletal muscle wasting in critical illness is associated with excess morbidity and mortality. Continuous feeding may suppress muscle protein synthesis as a result of the muscle-full effect, unlike intermittent feeding, which may ameliorate it.
152. Effectiveness and Safety of Supervised Home-Based Physical Training in Patients With COPD on Long-term Home Oxygen Therapy: A Randomized Trial.
作者: Demetria Kovelis.;Anna R S Gomes.;Camila Mazzarin.;Samia K Biazim.;Fabio Pitta.;Silvia Valderramas.
来源: Chest. 2020年158卷3期965-972页
Patients with COPD in advanced stages who need long-term home oxygen therapy (LTHOT) have difficulty participating in outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) programs. This difficulty is due to the severity of their disease, limitations involving transportation and mobility, high costs, and issues related to patients' safety and individual needs. Unsupervised home-based physical training (PT) is frequently used.
153. Randomized Trial on the Effects of High-Dose Zopiclone on OSA Severity, Upper Airway Physiology, and Alertness.
作者: Sophie G Carter.;Jayne C Carberry.;Ronald R Grunstein.;Danny J Eckert.
来源: Chest. 2020年158卷1期374-385页
Studies indicate that standard doses of hypnotics reduce or do not change the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) or pharyngeal muscle activity. A 1-month trial of nightly zopiclone (7.5 mg) modestly reduced the AHI vs baseline without changing other sleep parameters or next-day sleepiness.
154. Outcomes of Metabolic Resuscitation Using Ascorbic Acid, Thiamine, and Glucocorticoids in the Early Treatment of Sepsis: The ORANGES Trial.
作者: Jose Iglesias.;Andrew V Vassallo.;Vishal V Patel.;Jesse B Sullivan.;Joseph Cavanaugh.;Yasmine Elbaga.
来源: Chest. 2020年158卷1期164-173页
Sepsis is a major public health burden resulting in 25% to 30% in-hospital mortality and accounting for over 20 billion dollars of US hospital costs.
155. Ambulatory Oxygen in Fibrotic Interstitial Lung Disease: A Pilot, Randomized, Triple-Blinded, Sham-Controlled Trial.
作者: Yet H Khor.;Anne E Holland.;Nicole S L Goh.;Belinda R Miller.;Ross Vlahos.;Steven Bozinovski.;Aroub Lahham.;Ian Glaspole.;Christine F McDonald.
来源: Chest. 2020年158卷1期234-244页
Despite a lack of evidence, ambulatory oxygen therapy is frequently prescribed for patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) and exertional desaturation. Patients often prefer portable oxygen concentrators to oxygen cylinders. This study aimed to examine the feasibility of conducting a clinical trial of ambulatory oxygen delivered via portable concentrators in patients with ILD.
156. A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of Pulsed, Inhaled Nitric Oxide in Subjects at Risk of Pulmonary Hypertension Associated With Pulmonary Fibrosis.
作者: Steven D Nathan.;Kevin R Flaherty.;Marilyn K Glassberg.;Ganesh Raghu.;Jeffrey Swigris.;Roger Alvarez.;Neil Ettinger.;Jim Loyd.;Peter Fernandes.;Hunter Gillies.;Bo Kim.;Parag Shah.;Lisa Lancaster.
来源: Chest. 2020年158卷2期637-645页
The interstitial lung diseases include a variety of disorders, many of which are characterized by fibrotic changes (fILD). Of the fILDs, Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is the most common. Pulmonary hypertension (PH) frequently complicates fILD and is associated with impaired functional capability, lower physical activity, and significantly reduced life expectancy. There is no proven treatment for patients with fILD-PH. We report results from the first cohort of a phase 2b/3 trial with pulsed inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) in patients with fILD-PH.
157. Effects of the Combination of Atomoxetine and Oxybutynin on OSA Endotypic Traits.
作者: Luigi Taranto-Montemurro.;Ludovico Messineo.;Ali Azarbarzin.;Daniel Vena.;Lauren B Hess.;Nicole A Calianese.;David P White.;Andrew Wellman.;Scott A Sands.
来源: Chest. 2020年157卷6期1626-1636页
We recently showed that administration of the combination of the noradrenergic drug atomoxetine plus the antimuscarinic oxybutynin (ato-oxy) prior to sleep greatly reduced OSA severity, likely by increasing upper airway dilator muscle activity during sleep. In patients with OSA who performed the ato-oxy trial with an esophageal pressure catheter to estimate ventilatory drive, the effect of the drug combination (n = 17) and of the single drugs (n = 6) was measured on the endotypic traits over a 1-night administration and compared vs placebo. This study also tested if specific traits were predictors of complete response to treatment (reduction in apnea-hypopnea index [AHI] > 50% and < 10 events/h).
158. Effect of Olfactory Stimulation by L-Menthol on Laboratory-Induced Dyspnea in COPD.
Inhalation of L-menthol as a transient receptor potential melastatin 8 agonist induces a cooling sensation in the airway. This cooling sensation induced through olfactory stimulation by L-menthol (OSM) alleviates dyspnea in healthy humans. Therefore, we investigated effects of OSM on the neural respiratory drive (NRD) and multidimensional aspects of dyspnea induced by inspiratory resistive loaded breathing in COPD.
159. Change in Clinical Practice Associated With a Large Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing RBC Transfusion Strategies.
作者: Kevin M Trentino.;Frank M Sanfilippo.;Michael F Leahy.;Shannon L Farmer.;Ian Gilfillan.;Kevin Murray.
来源: Chest. 2020年158卷2期719-721页 160. Aprepitant for Cough Suppression in Advanced Lung Cancer: A Randomized Trial.
作者: Vanita Noronha.;Atanu Bhattacharjee.;Vijay M Patil.;Amit Joshi.;Nandini Menon.;Srushti Shah.;Sadhana Kannan.;Sadaf A Mukadam.;Kamesh Maske.;Sandeep Ishi.;Kumar Prabhash.
来源: Chest. 2020年157卷6期1647-1655页
Although cough is a common and distressing symptom in patients with lung cancer, there is almost no evidence to guide treatment. Aprepitant, a centrally acting neurokinin-1 inhibitor, significantly decreased cough frequency in a pilot study.
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