Cardiometabolic Index (CMI) is positively correlated with liver fibrosis in patients with Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD), but its association with mortality risk in MASLD patients remains unclear.

Although systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is associated with the progression of cirrhosis, its clinical significance in patients with cirrhosis and hepatic encephalopathy (HE) remains unclear.

Obstructive jaundice from pancreatobiliary diseases represents a significant global health challenge, particularly in resource-limited settings like Rwanda. While endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) are now available at tertiary centers in Kigali, there is limited local clinical data on the management and outcomes of these conditions. This study aims to assess the patterns, therapeutic approaches, and outcomes of obstructive jaundice in the Rwandan healthcare context.

To analyze the influencing factors and nursing strategies for enteral nutrition patients complicated with refeeding syndrome (RS) in the ICU.

Colon cancer is a highly heterogeneous and most common malignant tumor of the gastrointestinal tract, which is prone to metastasis in advanced stages, leading to a poor prognosis for patients.

Cirrhosis is a major global burden requiring frequent hospitalizations and has high inpatient mortality. Traditional prognostic tools focused on inpatient mortality are affected by global disparities, which impacts timely management. We aimed to deploy machine learning (ML) approaches to enhance inpatient mortality prognostication.

The need for objective diagnostic tools in people with alcohol intake abuse is one of the major needs in daily clinical practice. Determination of blood alcohol concentration is commonly used in cases of suspected acute alcohol intoxication, especially in the emergency room. A dose-dependent correlation between alcohol consumption and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) is a known index of excessive alcohol intake. Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels are frequently elevated (2-4 times above normal) in patients with alcohol use disorder and an AST/ALT ratio >2 is indicative of alcohol-related liver disease. Several studies highlighted a positive correlation between alcohol consumption and serum gamma-glutamyl transferase (γGT) levels, with increased values in about 75% of patients drinking >60 g/day of ethanol for at least 5 weeks. Also, 60-80 g of alcohol per day for a minimum of 2 weeks can result in increased carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) levels (normally less than 2% of total transferrin). Complete abstinence from alcohol leads to a normalization of CDT values in approximately 2-3 weeks. Ethyl glucuronide (EtG) is detectable in urine from a minimum of 6 hours up to a maximum of 100 hours after alcohol intake. In-vitro studies showed that the levels of phosphatidylethanol (PEth) in human red blood cells were proportional to ethanol concentration and exposure time, suggesting an important role in differentiating abstinence from unhealthy drinking. γGT and CDT are the most useful markers for monitoring chronic alcohol abstinence, whereas blood alcohol concentration and urinary EtG are the most valuable indexes of acute alcohol consumption. In conclusion, no specific laboratory marker alone is reliable to identify patients with alcohol abuse, thus the best diagnostic strategy includes combined index use in addition to other screening tools (i.e., clinical history/context and questionnaires).

Helicobacter pylori is responsible for several gastrointestinal disorders, of which gastric cancer is the most concerning. Given the racial and ethnic disparities seen with H. pylori infection and gastric cancer in the U.S., certain populations (immigrants, non-white racial groups) remain at high-risk. While several guidelines recommend screening for H. pylori in these high-risk groups, specific guidance on how to implement population screening and the cost-effectiveness of this approach is lacking. Here we discuss several controversies including the cost-effectiveness and implementation of a population-based H. pylori screening program, empiric vs. tailored therapy based on antibiotic susceptibility, and the role of potassium-competitive acid blockers (PCABs) in H. pylori treatment. With the rapidly changing landscape of H. pylori management, here we review the latest studies and guidelines for practical clinical application.

Limited data exist regarding the efficacy and safety of vedolizumab (VDZ) in China's elderly adult population with ulcerative colitis (UC) in China. In this investigation, a comparative analysis of its efficacy and safety was performed between elderly and younger adult UC cohorts.

The global prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has reached an alarming 25%, based on recent population-based studies. NAFLD diagnosis primarily relies on imaging methods, which may be invasive, costly, or limited. Existing prediction models, such as the Fatty Liver Index (FLI) and NAFLD Liver Fat Score (NLFS), mainly incorporate metabolic parameters from Western populations and neglect non-metabolic factors, limiting their generalizability. To address these limitations, this study developed a screening model integrating both metabolic and non-metabolic indicators, tailored specifically to diverse populations undergoing routine physical examinations.