Preserved ratio impaired spirometry (PRISm) is regarded as a COPD precursor, but whether this varies by smoking status remains unclear.

From screening to treatment, the continuum of lung cancer reflects unequal access and delivery, with more vulnerable patients less able to receive high-quality care. Despite great advances in lung cancer care (eg, screening and nodule programs to identify early-stage disease and immune-mediated and targeted therapies for advanced-stage disease), disparities persist both in the United States and globally. In this narrative review, the spectrum of disparities that influence lung cancer care on a national scale, including race, ethnicity, age, socioeconomic status, geographic location, and insurance access, are explored. The review focuses on how disparities impact screening efforts and lung cancer treatments. Where data are available, trends on a global scale are addressed. Potential solutions are offered to address recognized disparities, primarily by identifying pertinent social determinants of health and launching multipronged interventions to improve the care of all patients with lung cancer.

Limited data exist to inform and appropriately counsel female lung transplant (LuT) recipients regarding pregnancy after transplantation.

A 7-year-old girl was referred to our vascular anomaly center for further evaluation of multiple lung nodules. These nodules were incidentally detected on a CT scan during hospitalization for treatment of mycoplasma pneumonia at another hospital. The biopsy results suggested the possibility of vascular tumors. Physical examination revealed clear breath sounds without rales. Furthermore, no skin lesions or other positive signs were observed. The patient was not receiving supplemental oxygen. Before she came to our center, the patient had received antibiotic treatment for mycoplasma pneumonia. The CT scan after recovery revealed that the multiple nodules in both lungs persisted despite the resolution of the infection.

A 4-year-old girl with ring chromosome 14, epilepsy, global developmental delay, and failure to thrive presented for a preoperative assessment for gastrostomy tube (G-tube) insertion and was incidentally found to be hypoxemic, with saturations of 81% in room air. There was no history of fever or upper respiratory tract infection symptoms; however, her parents described a progressive history of choking and emesis with feeds over 3 months. Chest radiograph demonstrated patchy alveolar opacities in the right lower and middle lobes. She was admitted to the hospital and treated with supplemental oxygen and IV ampicillin for a suspected aspiration pneumonia. On day 3 of her admission, because of persistent hypoxemia despite high-flow nasal cannula support at 2 L/kg/min with an Fio2 of 0.6 to 0.7, and frequent need for suctioning of thick yellow secretions, she was transferred to the PICU for escalation to noninvasive ventilation. Because of poor response after 7 days, and respiratory secretions showing moderate growth of Klebsiella oxytoca and light growth of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim was added. Azithromycin was also started on day 8 to cover atypical pathogens, then discontinued when Mycoplasma pneumoniae polymerase chain reaction was negative.