RATIONALE-305 (NCT03777657) demonstrated that tislelizumab plus chemotherapy statistically improved overall survival versus placebo plus chemotherapy as first-line treatment in patients with advanced gastric/gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma (GC/GEJC). This analysis examined patient-reported outcomes (PROs) at final analysis.

Nivolumab showed durable responses in patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC). A randomized phase II study investigating nivolumab plus cisplatin/carboplatin and etoposide (PE) versus PE for patients with untreated extensive-stage (ES) SCLC was conducted.

Patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) with extrapelvic soft-tissue metastases that has progressed on an androgen receptor pathway inhibitor (ARPI) have a poor prognosis with few treatment options. We aimed to assess efficacy and safety of cabozantinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor with immunomodulatory properties, plus the PD-L1 inhibitor atezolizumab in these patients.

GEMSTONE-302 was a phase 3 trial in patients with treatment-naive metastatic squamous or non-squamous non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), showed significant improvement in progression-free survival and overall survival with sugemalimab, a PD-L1 inhibitor, plus chemotherapy versus placebo plus chemotherapy. We report the 4-year outcomes from this study.

Moderately hypofractionated radiotherapy (MHRT) is a standard treatment for prostate cancer. Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is also effective, and has been shown to be non-inferior to MHRT in a lower-risk group of patients who did not require hormone therapy (PACE-B), but randomised data on toxicity for higher-risk patients are lacking. We aimed to compare the early toxicity of MHRT and SBRT.

Retifanlimab has activity in programmed death ligand 1-positive advanced squamous cell anal carcinoma (SCAC) that has progressed on platinum chemotherapy. We aimed to prospectively assess the benefit of adding retifanlimab to initial carboplatin-paclitaxel for this disease.

The IMPORT LOW trial evaluated partial-breast radiotherapy with intensity-modulated radiotherapy in women with early-stage breast cancer at below average risk of ipsilateral breast tumour recurrence (IBTR). 5-year results concluded non-inferiority of IBTR for reduced-dose and partial-breast radiotherapy, with similar or lower frequency of adverse effects compared with whole-breast radiotherapy. We report outcomes after 10 years.

This phase I study (NCT04568902) evaluated a novel selective estrogen receptor (ER)-α covalent antagonist (H3B-6545) at doses of 300-450 mg in Japanese women with ER-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative, advanced/metastatic breast cancer (mBC).

CHIPS (Childhood Hodgkin International Prognostic Score), a predictive score for event-free-survival (EFS), was originally developed using factors presenting at diagnosis in patients with intermediate-risk Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). Prospective validation of CHIPS in patients was a pre-specified aim of AHOD1331, a trial comparing brentuximab-vedotin, doxorubicin, vincristine, etoposide, prednisone, and cyclophosphamide (Bv-AVEPC) to standard ABVE-PC (and response-adapted radiation) in children with high-risk HL.

Oral mucositis (OM) is a debilitating adverse effect of many chemotherapeutic drugs. Oral cryotherapy using ice cubes/chips is used to prevent oral mucositis in adults post 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)/melphalan administration. However, its efficacy in the prevention of OM post-methotrexate-based chemotherapy has not been investigated. The current trial aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of oral cryotherapy in the prevention of oral mucositis in children with hematolymphoid malignancies receiving intravenous (IV) methotrexate-based chemotherapy.

While exercise training and metformin treatment have demonstrated preliminary cognitive improvements in pediatric brain tumor (PBT) survivors, the neuronal mechanisms underlying their cognitive improvements are unclear. Diffusion-weighted metrics (e.g., fractional anisotropy [FA]) are commonly used to evaluate remyelination, but magnetization transfer imaging is thought to be more sensitive to myelin plasticity.

In high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) bevacizumab (bev)/olaparib (ola) maintenance was approved for patients with homologous recombination DNA repair deficiency (HRD+) tumors. Although different methods exist to score genomic instability, DNA quality, tumor cell content, and costs may impair our ability to identify patients that will benefit from treatment.

In phase 2/3 randomized RELATIVITY-047, nivolumab plus relatlimab demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in progression-free survival (PFS), a clinically meaningful but not statistically significant improvement in overall survival (OS), and a numerically higher objective response rate (ORR) versus nivolumab alone in patients with previously untreated advanced melanoma.

Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) was shown to have comparable efficacy to doxorubicin, with significantly reduced cardiotoxicity. This study evaluated the cardiotoxicity and efficacy of the PLD-based regimen compared with those of the doxorubicin-based regimen as adjuvant therapy for early-stage breast cancer (BC).

Prophylactic treatment with oral minocycline or doxycycline, moisturizers, and sunscreens has been reported to be beneficial for acneiform rash (AfR) caused by epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors. It is desirable to predict which patients may develop severe AfR and provide prophylactic treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the association between the worst grade of facial AfR (FAfR) after initiating therapy with EGFR inhibitors and the characteristic skin type in patients with RAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer enrolled in the FAEISS study (a phase III, open-label, randomized trial evaluating topical corticosteroids for Facial Acneiform dermatitis by EGFR Inhibitors: Stepwise rank down from potent corticosteroids). Using pretreatment photographs of the face, characteristic skin types, including enlarged pores, oiliness (greasiness), and skin color/redness, were graded on a scale of 1-3. Grade 2 or higher FAfR developed in 9.1%, 27.0%, and 45.8% of patients with enlarged pore scores of 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Patients with enlarged pores tended to have more severe FAfR (p = 0.0216). Moreover, the disease control rate (complete remission/partial remission/stable disease) of the primary disease was seen in 59.1%, 70.6%, and 87.0% of patients with an enlarged pore score of 1, 2, and 3, respectively, showing a statistically significant trend (p = 0.038). This study suggests that a facial skin type with a high number of enlarged pores may be a marker for predicting AfR risk due to anti-EGFR antibody therapy and better therapeutic effects for RAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer.

Pleural mesothelioma (PM) is a rare aggressive cancer linked to asbestos exposure, with limited treatment options, especially in low-resource settings. While immune checkpoint inhibitors show promise, access remains limited in many countries.

After chemoradiotherapy (CRT), 30%-50% of patients with locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC) relapse, highlighting the unmet need for prognostic biomarkers. In the global randomized CALLA trial (NCT03830866), the addition of durvalumab during and after CRT did not significantly improve progression-free survival (PFS) in a biomarker-unselected intent-to-treat population. We analyzed the association of ultrasensitive circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and circulating human papillomavirus (cHPV) DNA detection with relapse and survival in the largest dataset in LACC to date.

We report results from two clinical trials of the cyclic dinucleotide stimulator of IFN genes (STING) agonist ulevostinag.

A previous study by our group using dendritic cells (DC) pulsed ex vivo with the lysate of the HepG2 cell line showed evidence of antigen-specific T-cell responses in some patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. The ImmunoTACE trial evaluated the preliminary activity of this vaccine in combination with transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) in patients with intermediate-stage hepatocellular carcinoma.

In hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative, early-stage breast cancer, cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 inhibition combined with endocrine therapy could represent a less toxic alternative to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (CT). The NEOLBC trial studied whether neoadjuvant ribociclib plus letrozole (RL) results in a doubling of complete cell-cycle arrest (CCCA; Ki67 <1% on IHC) compared with CT in the surgical specimen in luminal breast cancer.