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121. A Pilot Randomized Trial of Transdermal Nicotine for Pulmonary Sarcoidosis.
作者: Elliott D Crouser.;Rachel M Smith.;Daniel A Culver.;Mark W Julian.;Karen Martin.;Joanne Baran.;Christopher Diaz.;Barbaros Selnur Erdal.;Erinn M Hade.
来源: Chest. 2021年160卷4期1340-1349页
Tobacco smoking is associated with a reduced risk of developing sarcoidosis, and we previously reported that nicotine normalizes immune responses to environmental antigens in patients with active pulmonary sarcoidosis. The effects of nicotine on the progression of pulmonary sarcoidosis are unknown.
122. Personalized Variable vs Fixed-Dose Systemic Corticosteroid Therapy in Hospitalized Patients With Acute Exacerbations of COPD: A Prospective, Multicenter, Randomized, Open-Label Clinical Trial.
作者: Li Li.;Nana Zhao.;Xiangyu Ma.;Fenfen Sun.;Binfeng He.;Zhen Qin.;Kui Wu.;Xingsheng Wang.;Qian Zhao.;Shisi Zhang.;Naifu Nie.;Dong Luo.;Bin Sun.;Ye Shen.;Yong He.;Fuqiang Wen.;Jinping Zheng.;Paul Jones.;Guoqiang Cao.
来源: Chest. 2021年160卷5期1660-1669页
Systemic corticosteroids for the treatment of COPD exacerbations decrease treatment failure and shorten the length of hospitalization. However, the optimal dose is unclear.
123. Towards Understanding the Effective Use of Antibiotics for Sepsis.
作者: Michiel Schinkel.;Ketan Paranjape.;Justin Kundert.;Rishi S Nannan Panday.;Nadia Alam.;Prabath W B Nanayakkara.
来源: Chest. 2021年160卷4期1211-1221页
The benefits of early antibiotics for sepsis have recently been questioned. Evidence for this mainly comes from observational studies. The only randomized trial on this subject, the Prehospital Antibiotics Against Sepsis (PHANTASi) trial, did not find significant mortality benefits from early antibiotics. That subgroups of patients benefit from this practice is still plausible, given the heterogeneous nature of sepsis.
124. Amikacin Liposome Inhalation Suspension for Refractory Mycobacterium avium Complex Lung Disease: Sustainability and Durability of Culture Conversion and Safety of Long-term Exposure.
作者: David E Griffith.;Rachel Thomson.;Patrick A Flume.;Timothy R Aksamit.;Stephen K Field.;Doreen J Addrizzo-Harris.;Kozo Morimoto.;Wouter Hoefsloot.;Kevin C Mange.;Dayton W Yuen.;Monika Ciesielska.;Richard J Wallace.;Jakko van Ingen.;Barbara A Brown-Elliott.;Chris Coulter.;Kevin L Winthrop.; .
来源: Chest. 2021年160卷3期831-842页
In the CONVERT study, treatment with amikacin liposome inhalation suspension (ALIS) added to guideline-based therapy (GBT) met the primary end point of increased culture conversion by month 6 in patients with treatment-refractory Mycobacterium avium complex lung disease (ALIS plus GBT, 29% [65/224] vs GBT alone, 8.9% [10/112]; P < .0001).
125. A Mobile Health Intervention to Increase Physical Activity in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.
作者: Anna R Hemnes.;Luke G Silverman-Lloyd.;Shi Huang.;Grant MacKinnon.;Jeffrey Annis.;Carolyn S Whitmore.;Ravinder Mallugari.;Rashundra N Oggs.;Rezzan Hekmat.;Rongzi Shan.;Pauline P Huynh.;Chang Yu.;Seth S Martin.;Michael J Blaha.;Evan L Brittain.
来源: Chest. 2021年160卷3期1042-1052页
Supervised exercise training improves outcomes in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). The effect of an unsupervised activity intervention has not been tested.
126. A Randomized Trial of Mycobacterium w in Severe Presumed Gram-Negative Sepsis.
作者: Inderpaul Singh Sehgal.;Nita M Basumatary.;Sahajal Dhooria.;Kuruswamy Thurai Prasad.;Valliappan Muthu.;Ashutosh N Aggarwal.;Arnab Pal.;Maharshi Desai.;Dhruva Chaudhry.;Pravin Dinkar Supe.;Prakash Kurmi.;Rajat Choudhuri.;Chaitri Shah.;Ritesh Agarwal.
来源: Chest. 2021年160卷4期1282-1291页
Mycobacterium w (Mw), an immunomodulator, has been shown to resolve early organ failure in severe sepsis.
127. Effect of Early High-Dose Vitamin D3 Repletion on Cognitive Outcomes in Critically Ill Adults.
作者: Jin H Han.;Adit A Ginde.;Samuel M Brown.;Adrienne Baughman.;Erin M Collar.;E Wesley Ely.;Michelle N Gong.;Aluko A Hope.;Peter C Hou.;Catherine L Hough.;Theodore J Iwashyna.;James C Jackson.;Akram Khan.;Onur M Orun.;Mayur B Patel.;Rameela Raman.;Todd W Rice.;Nancy Ringwood.;Matthew W Semler.;Nathan I Shapiro.;Daniel S Talmor.;Wesley H Self.; .
来源: Chest. 2021年160卷3期909-918页
Long-term cognitive impairment frequently occurs after critical illness; no treatments are known to improve long-term cognition.
128. Continuous Pneumatic Regulation of Tracheal Cuff Pressure to Decrease Ventilator-associated Pneumonia in Trauma Patients Who Were Mechanically Ventilated: The AGATE Multicenter Randomized Controlled Study.
作者: Nicolas Marjanovic.;Matthieu Boisson.;Karim Asehnoune.;Arnaud Foucrier.;Sigismond Lasocki.;Carole Ichai.;Marc Leone.;Julien Pottecher.;Jean-Yves Lefrant.;Dominique Falcon.;Benoit Veber.;Russell Chabanne.;Claire-Marie Drevet.;Sébastien Pili-Floury.;Claire Dahyot-Fizelier.;Thomas Kerforne.;Sabrina Seguin.;Joe de Keizer.;Denis Frasca.;Jérémy Guenezan.;Olivier Mimoz.; .
来源: Chest. 2021年160卷2期499-508页
Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is the most frequent health care-associated infection in severely ill patients, and aspiration of contaminated oropharyngeal content around the cuff of the tracheal tube is the main route of contamination.
129. The Effect of Reconnection to Mechanical Ventilation for 1 Hour After Spontaneous Breathing Trial on Reintubation Among Patients Ventilated for More Than 12 Hours: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Michelli M Dadam.;Anderson R R Gonçalves.;Gilvania L Mortari.;André P Klamt.;Andressa Hippler.;Juliane U Lago.;Cintia Ponikieski.;Bruna A Catelano.;Daniela Delvan.;Glauco A Westphal.
来源: Chest. 2021年160卷1期148-156页
The resting of the respiratory musculature after undergoing the spontaneous breathing trial (SBT) to prevent extubation failures in critically ill patients needs to be studied further.
130. Effect of One Night of Nocturnal Oxygen Supplementation on Highland Patients With OSA: A Randomized, Crossover Trial.
作者: Lu Tan.;Taomei Li.;Yanyan Zhang.;Deping He.;Lian Luo.;Fei Lei.;Rong Ren.;Jiaming He.;Konrad E Bloch.;Xiangdong Tang.
来源: Chest. 2021年160卷2期690-700页
The treatment of OSA in highland residents is not established.
131. Randomized Controlled Trial of Solriamfetol for Excessive Daytime Sleepiness in OSA: An Analysis of Subgroups Adherent or Nonadherent to OSA Treatment.
作者: Paula K Schweitzer.;Geert Mayer.;Russell Rosenberg.;Atul Malhotra.;Gary K Zammit.;Mark Gotfried.;Patricia Chandler.;Michelle Baladi.;Kingman P Strohl.
来源: Chest. 2021年160卷1期307-318页
Solriamfetol, a dopamine-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, is approved in the United States to improve wakefulness in adults with excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) associated with OSA (37.5-150 mg/d).
132. Progesterone in Addition to Standard of Care vs Standard of Care Alone in the Treatment of Men Hospitalized With Moderate to Severe COVID-19: A Randomized, Controlled Pilot Trial.
作者: Sara Ghandehari.;Yuri Matusov.;Samuel Pepkowitz.;Donald Stein.;Tamana Kaderi.;Divya Narayanan.;Josephine Hwang.;Stephanie Chang.;Robert Goodman.;Heli Ghandehari.;James Mirocha.;Catherine Bresee.;Victor Tapson.;Michael Lewis.
来源: Chest. 2021年160卷1期74-84页
Severity of illness in COVID-19 is consistently lower in women. A focus on sex as a biological factor may suggest a potential therapeutic intervention for this disease. We assessed whether adding progesterone to standard of care (SOC) would improve clinical outcomes of hospitalized men with moderate to severe COVID-19.
133. Relationship Between Obesity and Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia: A Post Hoc Analysis of the NUTRIREA2 Trial.
作者: Saad Nseir.;Amélie Le Gouge.;Olivier Pouly.;Jean-Baptiste Lascarrou.;Jean-Claude Lacherade.;Jean-Paul Mira.;Emmanuelle Mercier.;Pierre-Louis Declercq.;Michel Sirodot.;Gaël Piton.;François Tinturier.;Elisabeth Coupez.;Stéphane Gaudry.;Michel Djibré.;Didier Thevenin.;Malika Balduyck.;Jean Reignier.; .
来源: Chest. 2021年159卷6期2309-2317页
Patients with obesity are at higher risk for community-acquired and nosocomial infections. However, no study has specifically evaluated the relationship between obesity and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP).
134. Relationship Between Time From Diagnosis and Morbidity/Mortality in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Results From the Phase III GRIPHON Study.
作者: Sean Gaine.;Olivier Sitbon.;Richard N Channick.;Kelly M Chin.;Rafael Sauter.;Nazzareno Galiè.;Marius M Hoeper.;Vallerie V McLaughlin.;Ralph Preiss.;Lewis J Rubin.;Gérald Simonneau.;Victor Tapson.;Hossein-Ardeschir Ghofrani.;Irene Lang.
来源: Chest. 2021年160卷1期277-286页
Early initiation of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) therapies is associated with improved long-term outcomes, yet data on the early use of prostacyclin pathway agents are limited. In these post hoc analyses of the Prostacyclin (PGI2) Receptor Agonist In Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (GRIPHON) study, the largest randomized controlled trial for PAH to date, the prognostic value of time from diagnosis and its impact on treatment response were examined.
136. Endobronchial Ultrasound Staging of Operable Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: Do Triple-Normal Lymph Nodes Require Routine Biopsy?
作者: Danielle A Hylton.;Biniam Kidane.;Jonathan Spicer.;Simon Turner.;Isabella Churchill.;Kerrie Sullivan.;Christian J Finley.;Yaron Shargall.;John Agzarian.;Andrew J E Seely.;Kazuhiro Yasufuku.;Waël C Hanna.; .
来源: Chest. 2021年159卷6期2470-2476页
Staging guidelines for lung cancer recommend endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) and systematic biopsy of at least three mediastinal lymph node (LN) stations for accurate staging. A four-point ultrasonographic score (Canada Lymph Node Score [CLNS]) was developed to determine the probability of malignancy in each LN. A LN with a CLNS of < 2 is considered low probability for malignancy. We hypothesized that, in patients with cN0 non-small cell lung cancer, LNs with CLNS of < 2 may not require routine biopsy because they represent true node-negative disease.
137. Phase II Investigation of the Efficacy of Antimycobacterial Therapy in Chronic Pulmonary Sarcoidosis.
作者: Wonder P Drake.;Daniel A Culver.;Robert P Baughman.;Marc A Judson.;Elliott D Crouser.;W Ennis James.;Gregory D Ayers.;Tan Ding.;Kenny Abel.;Abena Green.;Amy Kerrigan.;Ahmed Sesay.;Gordon R Bernard.
来源: Chest. 2021年159卷5期1902-1912页
A Phase I, single-center investigation found that 8 weeks of antimycobacterial therapy improved sarcoidosis FVC. Safety and efficacy assessments have not been performed in a multicenter cohort.
138. Effect of CPAP Therapy on Kidney Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.
作者: Alex N Rimke.;Sofia B Ahmed.;Tanvir C Turin.;Sachin R Pendharkar.;Jill K Raneri.;Emma J Lynch.;Patrick J Hanly.
来源: Chest. 2021年159卷5期2008-2019页
OSA is common in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and may accelerate a decline in kidney function. It is not clear whether treatment of OSA with CPAP improves kidney function.
139. Effects of Low-Load/High-Repetition Resistance Training on Exercise Capacity, Health Status, and Limb Muscle Adaptation in Patients With Severe COPD: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
作者: Andre Nyberg.;Mickael Martin.;Didier Saey.;Nadia Milad.;Dany Patoine.;Mathieu C Morissette.;Dominique Auger.;Per Stål.;Francois Maltais.
来源: Chest. 2021年159卷5期1821-1832页
Training volume is paramount in the magnitude of physiological adaptations following resistance training. However, patients with severe COPD are limited by dyspnea during traditional two-limb low-load/high-repetition resistance training (LLHR-RT), resulting in suboptimal training volumes. During a single exercise session, single-limb LLHR-RT decreases the ventilatory load and enables higher localized training volumes compared with two-limb LLHR-RT.
140. Low Tidal Volume Mechanical Ventilation Against No Ventilation During Cardiopulmonary Bypass in Heart Surgery (MECANO): A Randomized Controlled Trial.
作者: Lee S Nguyen.;Philippe Estagnasie.;Messaouda Merzoug.;Alain Brusset.;Jean-Dominique Law Koune.;Stephane Aubert.;Thierry Waldmann.;Cecile Naudin.;Jean-Michel Grinda.;Hadrien Gibert.;Pierre Squara.
来源: Chest. 2021年159卷5期1843-1853页
Postoperative pulmonary complications are common after cardiac surgery and have been related to lung collapse during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). No consensus exists regarding the effects of maintaining mechanical ventilation during CPB to decrease these complications.
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