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1181. Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors in Patients With Heart Failure : A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
作者: Xinyu Zou.;Qingyang Shi.;Per Olav Vandvik.;Gordon Guyatt.;Chim C Lang.;Sameer Parpia.;Si Wang.;Arnav Agarwal.;Yiling Zhou.;Ye Zhu.;Haoming Tian.;Zhiming Zhu.;Sheyu Li.
来源: Ann Intern Med. 2022年175卷6期851-861页
Randomized controlled trials established the cardiac protection of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors among adults with type 2 diabetes. New evidence suggests that these results could extend to people without diabetes.
1182. Belt and Suspenders: Vaccines and Tixagevimab/Cilgavimab for Prevention of COVID-19 in Immunocompromised Patients.
On 8 December 2021, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration issued an emergency use authorization for AstraZeneca's Evusheld (tixagevimab copackaged with cilgavimab, administered as concomitant injections) for the prevention of COVID-19 in those who are moderately to severely compromised, are aged 12 years or older, and weigh more than 40 kg. This commentary discusses current appropriate use of this important preventive intervention.
1183. In ischemic stroke upon wakening, IV thrombolysis or EVT improves functional outcome at 90 d.
Roaldsen MB, Lindekleiv H, Mathiesen EB. Intravenous thrombolytic treatment and endovascular thrombectomy for ischaemic wake-up stroke. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021;12:CD010995. 34850380.
1184. In severe COVID-19, high-flow vs. conventional oxygen therapy reduced intubation and time to clinical recovery at 28 d.
Ospina-Tascón GA, Calderón-Tapia LE, García AF, et al. Effect of high-flow oxygen therapy vs conventional oxygen therapy on invasive mechanical ventilation and clinical recovery in patients with severe COVID-19: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2021;326:2161-71. 34874419.
1185. In suspected PE, YEARS rule + D-dimer was noninferior to D-dimer alone to rule out PE.
Freund Y, Chauvin A, Jimenez S, et al. Effect of a diagnostic strategy using an elevated and age-adjusted D-dimer threshold on thromboembolic events in emergency department patients with suspected pulmonary embolism: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2021;326:2141-9. 34874418.
1186. After DES implantation, DAPT for 1 y vs. ≤6 mo increased major bleeding in patients with high baseline bleeding risk.
Palmerini T, Bruno AG, Redfors B, et al. Risk-benefit of 1-year DAPT after DES implantation in patients stratified by bleeding and ischemic risk. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2021;78:1968-86. 34763774.
1187. PICC vs. midline catheter use for short-term indications was linked to major complications at ≤30 d.
Swaminathan L, Flanders S, Horowitz J, et al. Safety and outcomes of midline catheters vs peripherally inserted central catheters for patients with short-term indications: a multicenter study. JAMA Intern Med. 2022;182:50-8. 34842905.
1188. In osteoporosis or osteopenia, exercise interventions improve BMD; effects vary by exercise type and BMD site.
Zhang S, Huang X, Zhao X, et al. Effect of exercise on bone mineral density among patients with osteoporosis and osteopenia: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. J Clin Nurs. 2021. [Epub ahead of print]. 34725872.
1189. In nonhospitalized, unvaccinated adults with COVID-19, molnupiravir reduced hospitalization or death at 29 d.
Jayk Bernal A, Gomes da Silva MM, Musungaie DB, et al. Molnupiravir for oral treatment of Covid-19 in nonhospitalized patients. N Engl J Med. 2022;386:509-20. 34914868.
1190. In acute ischemic stroke, EVT alone vs. IV alteplase plus EVT did not differ for functional outcome at 90 d.
LeCouffe NE, Kappelhof M, Treurniet KM, et al. A randomized trial of intravenous alteplase before endovascular treatment for stroke. N Engl J Med. 2021;385:1833-44. 34758251.
1191. In inpatients with COVID-19 who need supplemental oxygen, lenzilumab increased ventilation-free survival.
Temesgen Z, Burger CD, Baker J, et al. Lenzilumab in hospitalised patients with COVID-19 pneumonia (LIVE-AIR): a phase 3, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Respir Med. 2022;10:237-46. 34863332.
1192. Antihypertensive drugs reduced risk for new-onset type 2 diabetes; effect varies by antihypertensive class.
Nazarzadeh M, Bidel Z, Canoy D, et al. Blood pressure lowering and risk of new-onset type 2 diabetes: an individual participant data meta-analysis. Lancet. 2021;398:1803-10. 34774144.
1193. Homicide Deaths Among Adult Cohabitants of Handgun Owners in California, 2004 to 2016 : A Cohort Study.
作者: David M Studdert.;Yifan Zhang.;Erin E Holsinger.;Lea Prince.;Alexander F Holsinger.;Jonathan A Rodden.;Garen J Wintemute.;Matthew Miller.
来源: Ann Intern Med. 2022年175卷6期804-811页
Although personal protection is a major motivation for purchasing firearms, existing studies suggest that people living in homes with firearms have higher risks for dying by homicide. Distribution of those risks among household members is poorly understood.
1194. Changes in Health Care Spending, Use, and Clinical Outcomes After Nonfatal Firearm Injuries Among Survivors and Family Members : A Cohort Study.
作者: Zirui Song.;José R Zubizarreta.;Mia Giuriato.;Erica Paulos.;Katherine A Koh.
来源: Ann Intern Med. 2022年175卷6期795-803页
Despite increasing awareness of firearm-related deaths, evidence on the clinical and economic implications of nonfatal firearm injuries is limited.
1195. Preconception Antidiabetic Drugs in Men and Birth Defects in Offspring : A Nationwide Cohort Study.
作者: Maarten J Wensink.;Ying Lu.;Lu Tian.;Gary M Shaw.;Silvia Rizzi.;Tina Kold Jensen.;Elisabeth R Mathiesen.;Niels E Skakkebæk.;Rune Lindahl-Jacobsen.;Michael L Eisenberg.
来源: Ann Intern Med. 2022年175卷5期665-673页
Diabetes reduces semen quality and increasingly occurs during reproductive years. Diabetes medications, such as metformin, have glucose-independent effects on the male reproductive system. Associations with birth defects in offspring are unknown.
1196. Effectiveness of Motivational Interviewing in Managing Overweight and Obesity : A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
作者: Moscho Michalopoulou.;Anne E Ferrey.;Georgina Harmer.;Lucy Goddard.;Maryam Kebbe.;Annika Theodoulou.;Susan A Jebb.;Paul Aveyard.
来源: Ann Intern Med. 2022年175卷6期838-850页
Motivational interviewing (MI) is potentially useful in management of overweight and obesity, but staff training and increased delivery time are barriers, and its effectiveness independent of other behavioral components is unclear.
1197. Risks for Anaphylaxis With Intravenous Iron Formulations : A Retrospective Cohort Study.
作者: Chintan V Dave.;Gary M Brittenham.;Jeffrey L Carson.;Soko Setoguchi.
来源: Ann Intern Med. 2022年175卷5期656-664页
The risks for anaphylaxis among intravenous (IV) iron products currently in use have not been assessed.
1198. Telehealth for Substance Use Disorders: A Rapid Review for the 2021 U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs and U.S. Department of Defense Guidelines for Management of Substance Use Disorders.
作者: Stacey Uhl.;Aaron Bloschichak.;Amber Moran.;Kristina McShea.;Megan S Nunemaker.;James R McKay.;Kristen E D'Anci.
来源: Ann Intern Med. 2022年175卷5期691-700页
Approximately 20.4 million Americans met criteria for a substance use disorder (SUD) in 2019; however, only about 12.2% of persons with an SUD receive specialty care. Telehealth offers alternatives to traditional forms of substance use treatment.
1199. The Management of Substance Use Disorders: Synopsis of the 2021 U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs and U.S. Department of Defense Clinical Practice Guideline.
作者: Christopher Perry.;Joseph Liberto.;Charles Milliken.;Jennifer Burden.;Hildi Hagedorn.;Timothy Atkinson.;James R McKay.;Larissa Mooney.;James Sall.;Comilla Sasson.;Andrew Saxon.;Christopher Spevak.;Adam J Gordon.; .
来源: Ann Intern Med. 2022年175卷5期720-731页
In August 2021, leadership within the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) and U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) approved a joint clinical practice guideline (CPG) for the management of substance use disorders (SUDs). This synopsis summarizes key recommendations.
1200. Risk for Acute Myocardial Infarction After Ophthalmologic Procedures.
作者: Abhijit Sen.;Katalin Gémes.;Gustav Stålhammar.;Christer Svensen.;Per Tornvall.;Magnus Jonsson.;Torunn Varmdal.;Birger Henning Endreseth.;Imre Janszky.;Jette Möller.
来源: Ann Intern Med. 2022年175卷5期628-633页
Preoperative cardiovascular evaluations are frequently done before ambulatory ophthalmologic procedures. However, whether these procedures can trigger an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is unknown.
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