Mechanisms causing non-response to biological agents in IBD remain to be fully understood. Thus, we aimed to characterize the lipid profile in treatment refractory non-immunogenic patients with adequate trough-levels.

Esophageal cancer is an aggressive malignant tumor. Statistics show that esophageal cancer has claimed the lives of approximately 300,000 people worldwide. Many patients are diagnosed as stage 3 or 4 when they visit a doctor; however, the prognosis may not be accurate because the disease's early signs are not always evident. The gene ADORA2B may be important in the diagnosis and prognosis of esophageal cancer, as adenosine (ADO) is implicated in the proliferation and spread of many malignancies. Through the use of bioinformatics analysis, this study sought to discover and validate particular genes and putative pathways linked to the course and prognosis of esophageal cancer. Utilizing integrated transcriptomics and single-cell proteomics, the involvement of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment was examined, while bioinformatics was used to investigate the expression, function, and survival data of ADORA2B. Western blot (WB) and qRT-PCR were then used to determine the expression level of ADORA2B in the postoperative tissues of patients with esophageal cancer. Tests using Transwell, Edu, and CCK8 were performed to ascertain its capacity for erosion, migration, invasion, and proliferation. Flow cytometry was used to quantify apoptosis. The results of this investigation validate ADORA2B as a potential therapeutic target and diagnostic biomarker.

This study investigates the functional outcomes of patients with low rectal cancer undergoing inter-sphincteric resection (ISR) following brachytherapy boost radiotherapy (BoRT), compared to those who underwent ISR after standard chemoradiotherapy. BoRT is an alternative to total neoadjuvant therapy for increasing organ preservation rates in low rectal cancers. However, its impact on sphincter function following stoma reversal remains unclear.

Pemafibrate helps regulate fatty acid dynamics in the liver, potentially preventing metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). However, its effect on intestinal long-chain fatty acid (LCFA) metabolism in MASH remains unclear. Thus, we aimed to examine the influence of pemafibrate on intestinal LCFA metabolism and hepatic fibrosis in a MASH rat model.

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) has a low survival rate of 5-17%, despite advancements in diagnosis and treatment. Liver function impacts disease prognosis, and the albumin-bilirubin (ALBI) score is a new assessment model for this purpose. While research suggests a correlation between ALBI score, liver failure and mortality in intrahepatic CCA (iCCA), predicting outcomes for extrahepatic CCA (eCCA) is challenging. Our objective was to assess the prognostic role of ALBI grade in predicting overall survival of eCCA patients.

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is a common treatment for early esophageal cancer. Although ESD is considered safe, same-day discharge (SDD) is only feasible in selected patients. Therefore, identifying factors associated with the likelihood of SDD is crucial for optimizing patient selection and clinical management.

In the rapidly evolving landscape of gastrointestinal health care, the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) presents unprecedented opportunities for enhancing patient outcomes, improving efficiency, and driving innovation. Effective collaboration among clinicians, academia, and industry is crucial to harness the full potential of AI technologies. Clinicians offer invaluable insights from real-world practice, ensuring that AI solutions address genuine clinical needs and improve patient care. Academia plays a pivotal role in advancing research, developing new methodologies, and training the next generation of professionals who will navigate this transformative field. Industry drives the commercialization of AI tools, providing the resources and infrastructure necessary for widespread adoption. Achieving these synergies is challenging. Issues including data privacy, regulatory hurdles, and interdisciplinary communication must be addressed to foster effective partnerships. By embracing collaborative models, including public-private partnerships, clinical trials, and innovation hubs, stakeholders can work together to overcome barriers and promote responsible AI integration in gastroenterology.

The Barrett's Oesophagus Surveillance Study (BOSS) was the first randomized study of surveillance. This study reports the costs and quality of life outcomes from the BOSS trial and models the outcomes and cost-effectiveness of surveillance beyond the follow-up period of the BOSS study. This trial showed similar stages and rates of esophageal cancer in both arms, but the regular surveillance arm did identify more high-grade dysplasia after a median of 12.8 years follow-up.

Clostridioides difficile epidemiology is rapidly evolving, and understanding the factors that contribute to one's risk of C difficile infection (CDI) is urgently needed. Based on our observations in a dietary intervention study, we hypothesized that fiber modulates susceptibility to C difficile after antibiotic exposure and investigated this using human specimens and murine models.

There is a large heterogeneity among individuals in their therapeutic responses to the same drug and in the occurrence of adverse events. A key factor increasingly recognized to contribute to this variability is the gut microbiome. The gut microbiome can be regarded as a second genome, holding significant metabolic capacity. Consequently, the field of pharmacomicrobiomics has emerged as a natural extension of pharmacogenomics for studying variations in drug responses. Pharmacomicrobiomics explores the interaction of microbiome variation with drug response and disposition. The interaction between microbes and drugs is, however, complex and bidirectional. While drugs can directly alter microbial growth or influence gut microbiome composition and functionality, the gut microbiome also modulates drug responses directly through enzymatic activities and indirectly via host-mediated immune and metabolic mechanisms. Here we review recent studies that demonstrate the interaction between drugs and the gut microbiome, focusing on cancer immunotherapy and immunomodulation in the context of inflammatory bowel disease and solid organ transplantation. Because the gut microbiome is modifiable, pharmacomicrobiomics presents promising opportunities for optimizing therapeutic outcomes, with recent clinical trials highlighting fecal microbiota transplantation as a strategy to enhance the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade. We also shed light on the future perspectives for patients arising from this field. Although multiple lines of evidence already demonstrate that the gut microbiome interacts with drugs, and vice versa, thereby affecting treatment efficacy and safety, well-designed clinical studies and integrated in vivo and ex vivo models are necessary to obtain consistent results, improve clinical translation, and further unlock the gut microbiome's potential to improve drug responses.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignant tumor. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), particularly those targeting programmed cell death protein 1(PD-1) and programmed cell death ligand 1(PD-L1), have shown promising potential in the treatment of CRC. Specific gut microbiota can modulate the efficacy of ICIs through immune or metabolic pathways. This review summarizes recent advances in the combined application of gut microbiota and PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in the treatment of CRC, aiming to provide insights for expanding clinical treatment options for CRC.

The new classification for steatotic liver disease identifies 3 phenotypes based on alcohol consumption. The aim of this study was to evaluate the associations between alcohol intake and liver-related events (LREs) across different drinking categories and whether genetic predisposition influences these associations.