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101. Xalnesiran with or without an Immunomodulator in Chronic Hepatitis B.
作者: Jinlin Hou.;Wenhong Zhang.;Qing Xie.;Rui Hua.;Hong Tang.;Luis Enrique Morano Amado.;Sheng-Shun Yang.;Cheng-Yuan Peng.;Wei-Wen Su.;Wan-Long Chuang.;Dong Joon Kim.;Anchalee Avihingsanon.;Jia-Horng Kao.;Apinya Leerapun.;Man-Fung Yuen.;Tarik Asselah.;Xieer Liang.;Qingyan Bo.;Filippo Canducci.;Maria Teresa Catanese.;Ethan Chen.;Cong Cheng.;Farouk Chughlay.;Sudip Das.;Katerina Glavini.;Nelson Guerreiro.;Yan Huang.;Priyanka Kakrana.;Rémi Kazma.;Avinash Patil.;Vedran Pavlovic.;Bernadette Surujbally.;Miriam Triyatni.;Ruchi Upmanyu.;Cynthia Wat.;Edward Gane.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2024年391卷22期2098-2109页
Xalnesiran, a small interfering RNA molecule that targets a conserved region of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) genome and silences multiple HBV transcripts, may have efficacy, with or without an immunomodulator, in patients with chronic HBV infection.
102. Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus Infections in Humans.
作者: Shikha Garg.;Katie Reinhart.;Alexia Couture.;Krista Kniss.;C Todd Davis.;Marie K Kirby.;Erin L Murray.;Sophie Zhu.;Vit Kraushaar.;Debra A Wadford.;Cara Drehoff.;Allison Kohnen.;Mackenzie Owen.;Jennifer Morse.;Seth Eckel.;Jessica Goswitz.;George Turabelidze.;Steve Krager.;Anna Unutzer.;Emilio R Gonzales.;Cherissa Abdul Hamid.;Sascha Ellington.;Alexandra M Mellis.;Alicia Budd.;John R Barnes.;Matthew Biggerstaff.;Michael A Jhung.;Malia Richmond-Crum.;Erin Burns.;Tom T Shimabukuro.;Timothy M Uyeki.;Vivien G Dugan.;Carrie Reed.;Sonja J Olsen.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2025年392卷9期843-854页
Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) viruses have caused widespread infections in dairy cows and poultry in the United States, with sporadic human cases. We describe characteristics of human A(H5N1) cases identified from March through October 2024 in the United States.
103. Ebola Outbreak Response in the DRC with rVSV-ZEBOV-GP Ring Vaccination.
作者: Jean-Jacques Muyembe.;Hongchao Pan.;Richard Peto.;Abdourahamane Diallo.;Alhassane Touré.;Placide Mbala-Kingebene.;Stéphane H Bateyi Mustafa.;Ndjoloko Tambwe.;Sabue Mulangu.;Steve Ahuka-Mundeke.;Elisabeth Mukamba Musenga.;Godwin Enwere.;Pierre-Stéphane Gsell.;Ira M Longini.;Ximena Riveros Balta.;Chrissy H Roberts.;Michael Marks.;Michel N K Yao.;Abdou Salam Gueye.;Ibrahima-Soce Fall.;Peter Salama.;Michael J Ryan.;Ana Maria Henao-Restrepo.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2024年391卷24期2327-2336页
At the beginning of the 2018-2020 outbreak of Ebola virus disease (EVD) in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), no vaccine had been licensed. However, cluster-randomized evidence from Guinea in 2015 had indicated that ring vaccination around new cases (targeting contacts and contacts-of-contacts) with the use of single-dose live-replicating rVSV-ZEBOV-GP vaccine reduced EVD rates starting 10 days after vaccination. Thus, ring vaccination was added to the standard control measures for that outbreak.
104. Levofloxacin Preventive Treatment in Children Exposed to MDR Tuberculosis.
作者: Anneke C Hesseling.;Susan E Purchase.;Neil A Martinson.;Lee Fairlie.;H Simon Schaaf.;Joanna Brigden.;Suzanne Staples.;Diana M Gibb.;Anthony Garcia-Prats.;Francesca Conradie.;Charlotte McGowan.;Charlotte Layton.;Elize Batist.;Anne-Marie Demers.;Samukelisiwe Nyamathe.;Lisa Frigati.;Rebecca Turner.;Trinh Duong.;James A Seddon.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2024年391卷24期2315-2326页
Worldwide, approximately 2 million children younger than 15 years of age are infected with multidrug-resistant (MDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis, with MDR tuberculosis developing in approximately 30,000 annually. Evidence from randomized, controlled trials on tuberculosis preventive treatment in persons exposed to MDR tuberculosis is lacking.
105. Levofloxacin for the Prevention of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Vietnam.
作者: Greg J Fox.;Nguyen Viet Nhung.;Nguyen Cam Binh.;Nguyen Binh Hoa.;Frances L Garden.;Andrea Benedetti.;Pham Ngoc Yen.;Nguyen Kim Cuong.;Emily L MacLean.;H Manisha Yapa.;David W Dowdy.;Nguyen Huu Lan.;Elyse Guevara-Rattray.;Pham Duc Cuong.;Ori Solomon.;Marcel A Behr.;Ben J Marais.;Steven M Graham.;Dick Menzies.;Nguyen Thu Anh.;Guy B Marks.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2024年391卷24期2304-2314页
Prevention of drug-resistant tuberculosis is a global health priority. However, trials evaluating the effectiveness of treating Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection among contacts of persons with drug-resistant tuberculosis are lacking.
106. Bedaquiline Monotherapy for Multibacillary Leprosy.
作者: Jaison Barreto.;Patricia Sammarco Rosa.;Linda Adams.;Zuleima Aguilar.;Nyasha Bakare.;Sandra R Chaplan.;Ruxandra Draghia Akli.;Etienne Ernault.;Sarah Kulke.;Nacer Lounis.;Dawn Millington.;James A Palmer.;Bart Remmerie.;Miao Wang.;Stephanie Young.;Richard Truman.;Paula Frassinetti Bessa Rebello.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2024年391卷23期2212-2218页
Standard multidrug therapy for leprosy may be associated with severe side effects, which add to the stigma and discrimination that affect persons with the disease. In addition, the threat posed by drug-resistant leprosy shows the need for alternative drug combinations and shorter, safer regimens of multidrug therapy.
107. Axillary Surgery in Breast Cancer - Primary Results of the INSEMA Trial.
作者: Toralf Reimer.;Angrit Stachs.;Kristina Veselinovic.;Thorsten Kühn.;Jörg Heil.;Silke Polata.;Frederik Marmé.;Thomas Müller.;Guido Hildebrandt.;David Krug.;Beyhan Ataseven.;Roland Reitsamer.;Sylvia Ruth.;Carsten Denkert.;Inga Bekes.;Dirk-Michael Zahm.;Marc Thill.;Michael Golatta.;Johannes Holtschmidt.;Michael Knauer.;Valentina Nekljudova.;Sibylle Loibl.;Bernd Gerber.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2025年392卷11期1051-1064页
Whether surgical axillary staging as part of breast-conserving therapy can be omitted without compromising survival has remained unclear.
108. Imlunestrant with or without Abemaciclib in Advanced Breast Cancer.
作者: Komal L Jhaveri.;Patrick Neven.;Monica Lis Casalnuovo.;Sung-Bae Kim.;Eriko Tokunaga.;Philippe Aftimos.;Cristina Saura.;Joyce O'Shaughnessy.;Nadia Harbeck.;Lisa A Carey.;Giuseppe Curigliano.;Antonio Llombart-Cussac.;Elgene Lim.;María de la Luz García Tinoco.;Joohyuk Sohn.;André Mattar.;Qingyuan Zhang.;Chiun-Sheng Huang.;Chih-Chiang Hung.;Jorge Luis Martinez Rodriguez.;Manuel Ruíz Borrego.;Rikiya Nakamura.;Kamnesh R Pradhan.;Christoph Cramer von Laue.;Emily Barrett.;Shanshan Cao.;Xuejing Aimee Wang.;Lillian M Smyth.;François-Clément Bidard.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2025年392卷12期1189-1202页
Imlunestrant is a next-generation, brain-penetrant, oral selective estrogen-receptor (ER) degrader that delivers continuous ER inhibition, even in cancers with mutations in the gene encoding ERα (ESR1).
109. Lentiviral Gene Therapy with CD34+ Hematopoietic Cells for Hemophilia A.
作者: Alok Srivastava.;Aby Abraham.;Fouzia Aboobacker.;Gurbind Singh.;Tulasi Geevar.;Uday Kulkarni.;Sushil Selvarajan.;Anu Korula.;Rutvi Gautam Dave.;Mohana Shankar.;Abraham S Singh.;Anbu Jeba.;Navien Kumaar.;Christopher Benjamin.;Kavitha M Lakshmi.;Vivi Miriam Srivastava.;Ramachandran V Shaji.;Sukesh C Nair.;Harrison C Brown.;Gabriela Denning.;Pete Lollar.;Christopher B Doering.;Trent Spencer.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2025年392卷5期450-457页
Severe hemophilia A is managed with factor VIII replacement or hemostatic products that stop or prevent bleeding. Data on gene therapy with hematopoietic stem-cell (HSC)-based expression of factor VIII for the treatment of severe hemophilia A are lacking.
110. Liberal or Restrictive Transfusion Strategy in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.
作者: Shane W English.;Anthony Delaney.;Dean A Fergusson.;Michaël Chassé.;Alexis F Turgeon.;François Lauzier.;Angie Tuttle.;Ofer Sadan.;Donald E Griesdale.;Gary Redekop.;Martin Chapman.;Mathew Hannouche.;Andreas Kramer.;Ian Seppelt.;Andrew Udy.;Demetrios J Kutsogiannis.;Ryan Zarychanski.;Frédérick D'Aragon.;J Gordon Boyd.;Gavin Salt.;Judith Bellapart.;Gordon Wood.;Luis Cava.;Gwynedd Pickett.;Lauren Koffman.;Irene Watpool.;Frances Bass.;Naomi Hammond.;Tim Ramsay.;Ranjeeta Mallick.;Damon C Scales.;Christopher R Andersen.;Emily Fitzgerald.;Phil Talbot.;Dar Dowlatshahi.;John Sinclair.;Jason Acker.;Shawn C Marshall.;Lauralyn McIntyre.; .; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2025年392卷11期1079-1088页
The effect of a liberal red-cell transfusion strategy as compared with a restrictive strategy in patients during the critical care period after an aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage is unclear.
111. Daratumumab or Active Monitoring for High-Risk Smoldering Multiple Myeloma.
作者: Meletios A Dimopoulos.;Peter M Voorhees.;Fredrik Schjesvold.;Yael C Cohen.;Vania Hungria.;Irwindeep Sandhu.;Jindriska Lindsay.;Ross I Baker.;Kenshi Suzuki.;Hiroshi Kosugi.;Mark-David Levin.;Meral Beksac.;Keith Stockerl-Goldstein.;Albert Oriol.;Gabor Mikala.;Gonzalo Garate.;Koen Theunissen.;Ivan Spicka.;Anne K Mylin.;Sara Bringhen.;Katarina Uttervall.;Bartosz Pula.;Eva Medvedova.;Andrew J Cowan.;Philippe Moreau.;Maria-Victoria Mateos.;Hartmut Goldschmidt.;Tahamtan Ahmadi.;Linlin Sha.;Annelore Cortoos.;Eva G Katz.;Els Rousseau.;Liang Li.;Robyn M Dennis.;Robin Carson.;S Vincent Rajkumar.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2025年392卷18期1777-1788页
Daratumumab, an anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody, has been approved for the treatment of multiple myeloma. Data are needed regarding the use of daratumumab for high-risk smoldering multiple myeloma, a precursor disease of active multiple myeloma for which no treatments have been approved.
112. Blinatumomab in Standard-Risk B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Children.
作者: Sumit Gupta.;Rachel E Rau.;John A Kairalla.;Karen R Rabin.;Cindy Wang.;Anne L Angiolillo.;Sarah Alexander.;Andrew J Carroll.;Susan Conway.;Lia Gore.;Ilan Kirsch.;Holly R Kubaney.;Amanda M Li.;Jennifer L McNeer.;Olga Militano.;Tamara P Miller.;Yvonne Moyer.;Maureen M O'Brien.;Maki Okada.;Shalini C Reshmi.;Mary Shago.;Elizabeth Wagner.;Naomi Winick.;Brent L Wood.;Tara Haworth-Wright.;Faraz Zaman.;Gerhard Zugmaier.;Sue Zupanec.;Meenakshi Devidas.;Stephen P Hunger.;David T Teachey.;Elizabeth A Raetz.;Mignon L Loh.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2025年392卷9期875-891页
B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-cell ALL) is the most common childhood cancer. Despite a high overall cure rate, relapsed B-cell ALL remains a leading cause of cancer-related death among children. The addition of the bispecific T-cell engager molecule blinatumomab (an anti-CD19 and anti-CD3 single-chain molecule) to therapy for newly diagnosed standard-risk (as defined by the National Cancer Institute) B-cell ALL in children may improve outcomes.
113. Obecabtagene Autoleucel in Adults with B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.
作者: Claire Roddie.;Karamjeet S Sandhu.;Eleni Tholouli.;Aaron C Logan.;Paul Shaughnessy.;Pere Barba.;Armin Ghobadi.;Manuel Guerreiro.;Deborah Yallop.;Mehrdad Abedi.;Jeremy M Pantin.;Jean A Yared.;Amer M Beitinjaneh.;Sridhar Chaganti.;Katharine Hodby.;Tobias Menne.;Martha L Arellano.;Ram Malladi.;Bijal D Shah.;Luke Mountjoy.;Kristen M O'Dwyer.;Karl S Peggs.;Pierre Lao-Sirieix.;Yiyun Zhang.;Wolfram Brugger.;Edgar Braendle.;Martin Pule.;Michael R Bishop.;Daniel J DeAngelo.;Jae H Park.;Elias Jabbour.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2024年391卷23期2219-2230页
Obecabtagene autoleucel (obe-cel) is an autologous 41BB-ζ anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy which uses an intermediate-affinity CAR to reduce toxic effects and improve persistence.
114. Nivolumab plus Ipilimumab in Microsatellite-Instability-High Metastatic Colorectal Cancer.
作者: Thierry Andre.;Elena Elez.;Eric Van Cutsem.;Lars Henrik Jensen.;Jaafar Bennouna.;Guillermo Mendez.;Michael Schenker.;Christelle de la Fouchardiere.;Maria Luisa Limon.;Takayuki Yoshino.;Jin Li.;Heinz-Josef Lenz.;Jose Luis Manzano Mozo.;Giampaolo Tortora.;Rocio Garcia-Carbonero.;Laetitia Dahan.;Myriam Chalabi.;Rohit Joshi.;Eray Goekkurt.;Maria Ignez Braghiroli.;Timucin Cil.;Elvis Cela.;Tian Chen.;Ming Lei.;Matthew Dixon.;Sandzhar Abdullaev.;Sara Lonardi.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2024年391卷21期2014-2026页
Patients with microsatellite-instability-high (MSI-H) or mismatch-repair-deficient (dMMR) metastatic colorectal cancer have poor outcomes with standard chemotherapy with or without targeted therapies. Nivolumab plus ipilimumab has shown clinical benefit in nonrandomized studies of MSI-H or dMMR metastatic colorectal cancer.
115. Effect of a Reduced PCV10 Dose Schedule on Pneumococcal Carriage in Vietnam.
作者: Lay-Myint Yoshida.;Michiko Toizumi.;Hien Anh Thi Nguyen.;Billy J Quilty.;Le Thuy Lien.;Le Huy Hoang.;Chihiro Iwasaki.;Mizuki Takegata.;Noriko Kitamura.;Monica L Nation.;Jason Hinds.;Kevin van Zandvoort.;Belinda D Ortika.;Eileen M Dunne.;Catherine Satzke.;Hung Thai Do.;Kim Mulholland.;Stefan Flasche.;Duc-Anh Dang.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2024年391卷21期1992-2002页
After pneumococcal disease and colonization have been controlled through vaccination campaigns, a reduced pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) schedule may be sufficient to sustain that control at reduced costs.
116. Twice-Yearly Lenacapavir for HIV Prevention in Men and Gender-Diverse Persons.
作者: Colleen F Kelley.;Maribel Acevedo-Quiñones.;Allison L Agwu.;Anchalee Avihingsanon.;Paul Benson.;Jill Blumenthal.;Cynthia Brinson.;Carlos Brites.;Pedro Cahn.;Valeria D Cantos.;Jesse Clark.;Meredith Clement.;Cathy Creticos.;Gordon Crofoot.;Ricardo S Diaz.;Susanne Doblecki-Lewis.;Jorge A Gallardo-Cartagena.;Aditya Gaur.;Beatriz Grinsztejn.;Shawn Hassler.;Juan Carlos Hinojosa.;Theo Hodge.;Richard Kaplan.;Marcus Lacerda.;Anthony LaMarca.;Marcelo H Losso.;José Valdez Madruga.;Kenneth H Mayer.;Anthony Mills.;Karam Mounzer.;Nkosiphile Ndlovu.;Richard M Novak.;Alma Perez Rios.;Nittaya Phanuphak.;Moti Ramgopal.;Peter J Ruane.;Jorge Sánchez.;Breno Santos.;Patric Schine.;Tanya Schreibman.;LaShonda Y Spencer.;Olivia T Van Gerwen.;Ricardo Vasconcelos.;Jose Gabriel Vasquez.;Zwelethu Zwane.;Stephanie Cox.;Chris Deaton.;Ramin Ebrahimi.;Pamela Wong.;Renu Singh.;Lillian B Brown.;Christoph C Carter.;Moupali Das.;Jared M Baeten.;Onyema Ogbuagu.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2025年392卷13期1261-1276页
Twice-yearly subcutaneous lenacapavir has been shown to be efficacious for prevention of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in cisgender women. The efficacy of lenacapavir for preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in cisgender men, transgender women, transgender men, and gender-nonbinary persons is unclear.
117. Aggressive Lymphoma after CD19 CAR T-Cell Therapy.
作者: Guido Kobbe.;Monika Brüggemann.;Ben-Niklas Baermann.;Laura Wiegand.;Heiko Trautmann.;Schayan Yousefian.;Silvana Libertini.;Hans D Menssen.;Harald J Maier.;Peter Ulrich.;Jingbo Gao.;Peter-Martin Bruch.;Nora Liebers.;Aleksandar Radujkovic.;Marc Seifert.;Christina Schniederjohann.;Nagarajan Paramasivam.;Donnacha Fitzgerald.;Maximilian Seidel.;Irene Esposito.;Ulrich Germing.;Ron-Patrick Cadeddu.;Kathrin Nachtkamp.;Paul Jäger.;Thomas Ulrych.;Johannes C Fischer.;Jutta M Rox.;Frederik Giesel.;Raphael Koch.;Gerald Antoch.;Jörg H W Distler.;Sven G Meuth.;Malte Jacobsen.;Daniel Hübschmann.;Junyan Lu.;Ingram Iaccarino.;Simon Haas.;Frederik Damm.;Sascha Dietrich.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2024年391卷13期1217-1226页
The development of a fatal, clonal, autonomously proliferating CD4-CD8- chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)+ peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) occurred 1 month after a patient received treatment with tisagenlecleucel for relapsed primary central nervous system lymphoma. The PTCL had a clonal T-cell receptor rearrangement, which was already detectable in the apheresis product for CAR T-cell manufacturing and 7 months earlier for autologous transplantation. Somatic DNMT3A and TET2 mutations in CD34+ stem cells and their progeny were detected in the PTCL, in the apheresis specimen that was obtained for CAR T-cell production, and in the autotransplant. The PTCL harbored an additional somatic TET2 mutation, which was already detectable in the CAR T-cell apheresis product and the final CAR T-cell product at very low frequencies, providing evidence that clonal hematopoiesis had contributed to lymphomagenesis.
118. Standard or Extended Lymphadenectomy for Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer.
作者: Seth P Lerner.;Catherine Tangen.;Robert S Svatek.;Siamak Daneshmand.;Kamal S Pohar.;Eila Skinner.;Anne Schuckman.;Arthur I Sagalowsky.;Norm D Smith.;Ashish M Kamat.;Wassim Kassouf.;Melissa Plets.;Rick Bangs.;Theresa M Koppie.;Ajjai Alva.;Francisco G La Rosa.;Sumanta K Pal.;Adam S Kibel.;Daniel J Canter.;Ian M Thompson.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2024年391卷13期1206-1216页
Whether extended lymphadenectomy is associated with improved disease-free and overall survival, as compared with standard lymphadenectomy, among patients with localized muscle-invasive bladder cancer undergoing radical cystectomy is unclear.
119. Safety and Efficacy of Immunization with a Late-Liver-Stage Attenuated Malaria Parasite.
作者: Olivia A C Lamers.;Blandine M D Franke-Fayard.;Jan Pieter R Koopman.;Geert V T Roozen.;Jacqueline J Janse.;Severine C Chevalley-Maurel.;Fiona J A Geurten.;Helena M de Bes-Roeleveld.;Eva Iliopoulou.;Emil Colstrup.;Els Wessels.;Geert-Jan van Gemert.;Marga van de Vegte-Bolmer.;Wouter Graumans.;Thabitha R Stoter.;Benjamin G Mordmüller.;Emma L Houlder.;Teun Bousema.;Rajagopal Murugan.;Matthew B B McCall.;Chris J Janse.;Meta Roestenberg.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2024年391卷20期1913-1923页
Currently licensed and approved malaria subunit vaccines provide modest, short-lived protection against malaria. Immunization with live-attenuated Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasites is an alternative vaccination strategy that has potential to improve protection.
120. Middle Meningeal Artery Embolization for Nonacute Subdural Hematoma.
作者: Jianmin Liu.;Wei Ni.;Qiao Zuo.;Heng Yang.;Ya Peng.;Zhiqing Lin.;Zhenbao Li.;Jiyue Wang.;Yong Zhen.;Jing Luo.;Yuanxiang Lin.;Jian Chen.;Xuming Hua.;Hua Lu.;Ming Zhong.;Mingfa Liu.;Jianmin Zhang.;Yang Wang.;Jieqing Wan.;Yi Li.;Tianxiao Li.;Guohua Mao.;Wenyuan Zhao.;Liang Gao.;Conghui Li.;E Chen.;Xin Cheng.;Ping Zhang.;Zigao Wang.;Lei Chen.;Yongxin Zhang.;Bing Tian.;Fang Shen.;Yu Lei.;Yina Wu.;Yanjiang Li.;Guoli Duan.;Liquan Xu.;Nan Lv.;Jian Yu.;Xiaolong Xu.;Zhuoying Du.;Hongjian Zhang.;Jin Hu.;Zifu Li.;Qiang Yuan.;Yu Zhou.;Gang Wu.;Lei Zhang.;Chao Gao.;Dongwei Dai.;Xuehai Wu.;Yongwei Zhang.;Hanqiang Jiang.;Rui Zhao.;Jiabin Su.;Yi Xu.;Johanna Maria Ospel.;Charles B L M Majoie.;Mayank Goyal.;Qiang Li.;Pengfei Yang.;Yuxiang Gu.;Ying Mao.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2024年391卷20期1901-1912页
The effect of embolization of the middle meningeal artery in patients with subacute or chronic subdural hematoma is uncertain.
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