The high incidence of dysphagia in patients after oesophageal cancer surgery significantly impacts prognosis and rehabilitation. We aimed to summarize the risk factors for dysphagia in patients with oesophageal cancer through a meta-analysis and systematic review.

A number of studies have shown that various histological subtypes of lung adenocarcinoma have different clinical prognoses, but the cribriform pattern, as a unique histological subtype, plays an important role in the prognosis of patients with lung adenocarcinoma.

Cardiotoxicity is a recognized adverse effect associated with anti-HER2 therapies. The Trastuzumab-mediated cardiac dysfunction is not dose-dependent and lacks ultrastructural changes, allowing potential recovery after a few months. There is no consensus on the management of patients who develop cardiotoxicity. This meta-analysis aims to assess the safety of the permissive cardiotoxicity of Trastuzumab in patients with breast cancer. We searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase up to October 2023 for retrospective or prospective studies that investigated the safety of Trastuzumab in patients with breast cancer who continued Trastuzumab therapy after asymptomatic ejection fraction (EF) decline. We conducted a pooled meta-analysis for the subsequent cardiac events, cardiac mortality, and all-cause mortality. We assessed the quality of included studies using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and ROBIN-1 tool. A total of eight cohort studies (six retrospective and two prospective), comprising 222 patients, were found eligible and were included in our analysis. The pooled incidence of cardiac events, cardiac-related mortality, and all-cause mortality was 18% (95% CI 13% to 24%), 5% (95% CI 2% to 10%), and 8% (95% CI 2% to 28%), respectively. The incidence of symptomatic or severe cardiac events was lower in those who received cardioprotective medications concomitant with Trastuzumab. Most patients received either angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors, beta-blockers, or a combination of both. Continuation of planned Trastuzumab therapy with concomitant use of cardioprotective medications can be a safe and effective approach for breast cancer control in patients with asymptomatic EF decline.

Endometrial cancer is the sixth most common cancer in women worldwide, and the fourth most common in high-income countries, where its incidence is increasing. Atypical endometrial hyperplasia (AEH) is an overgrowth of the womb lining and can be a precursor of endometrial cancer. Between 14% and 25% of cases of endometrial cancer are diagnosed in premenopausal women. Due to delays in childbearing age and increasing obesity rates, a growing number of women wish to explore fertility-sparing management of endometrial cancer or AEH.

This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ultrasound-guided percutaneous microwave ablation (MWA) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) located at specific anatomical sites of the liver compared with non-specific sites.

Esophageal cancer (EC) remains a highly aggressive malignancy with a poor prognosis despite advancements in treatment. Toripalimab, a PD-1 inhibitor, has demonstrated the potential to improve clinical outcomes. This systematic review and meta-analysis assess the efficacy and safety of Toripalimab in EC.

To identify and summarize clinical factors influencing the efficacy and safety outcomes of CAR-T cell therapies in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) through a systematic literature review.

Adoptive cell immunotherapy (ACI) has emerged as a promising treatment strategy for advanced (recurrent or metastatic) renal cell carcinoma (RCC), yet its clinical efficacy and safety remain unclear. This study aimed to systematically evaluate the therapeutic outcomes, safety profile, and research trends of ACI in this setting.

Circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) has become a noninvasive biomarker for dynamic monitoring of tumours. However, available evidence on postoperative ctDNA in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is limited. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to appraise the prognostic value of postoperative ctDNA in NSCLC.

Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is a common complication of advanced malignancies, requiring differentiation from benign pleural effusion for appropriate management. Cytology and biopsy have limitations, necessitating more sensitive, less invasive diagnostic techniques. The objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of methylated SHOX2 (short-stature homeobox 2) and RASSF1A (Ras association domain family member 1A) genes in detecting MPE.

Despite significant therapeutic advancements in recent decades, colorectal cancer (CRC) continues to exhibit high rates of mortality and morbidity. Chemoresistance and cancer recurrence remain substantial challenges, underscoring the need for novel treatment approaches. Iron chelation therapy has gained profound interest over the years as a potential cancer treatment, leveraging the increased iron demand by tumors. This review evaluates the effects of iron chelation therapy on CRC progression and the underlying mechanisms.

Prostate cancer (PC) is a leading cause of male cancer mortality, with bone metastasis (BM) being a frequent and debilitating complication. Despite therapeutic advancements, the molecular mechanisms underlying BM remain poorly understood. This study aims to bridge this gap by integrating bibliometric analysis with bioinformatics to provide a comprehensive overview of the academic trends and molecular profiles associated with prostate cancer bone metastasis (PCBM).

Endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) is a widely used imaging modality for evaluating thoracic lymph nodes (LNs), particularly in the staging of lung cancer. Artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted EBUS has emerged as a promising tool to enhance diagnostic accuracy. However, its effectiveness in differentiating benign from malignant thoracic LNs remains uncertain. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of AI-assisted EBUS compared to the pathological reference standards.

The efficacy of postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) after gross total resection (GTR) for intracranial solitary fibrous tumors (SFT) remains unclear due to the inconsistent results of previous studies, with some studies suggesting improved outcomes in progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), while others report no significant benefit. Therefore, by evaluating and synthesizing data from relevant studies, we aimed to investigate the role of PORT, as compared with surgery alone, in survival outcomes after GTR of intracranial SFT. A systematic literature search, adhering to PRISMA guidelines and using Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Library to identify relevant literature. The outcomes of interest included progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and metastasis-free survival (MFS) at 3, 5, and 10 years, respectively. Differences between the two cohorts (GTR + PORT vs. GTR only) were estimated by calculating the hazard ratios. Twelve studies, including data from 419 patients (GTR + PORT, n = 225 vs. GTR, n = 194), were selected for meta-analysis. Pooled hazard ratios revealed that the PORT cohort showed sustained superiority in both PFS and OS compared with the surgery-only cohort after GTR of the tumor. These results were consistent with those of a subgroup analysis that focused on grade 2 and 3 intracranial SFT. However, no significant improvement was observed in MFS with PORT addition. This study underscores the importance of PORT in enhancing the PFS and OS of patients with intracranial SFT after GTR. These findings suggest that PORT should be considered an effective treatment strategy for all patients with intracranial SFT, irrespective of the extent of resection.

The cytogenetic abnormalities translocations t(4;14) and t(14;16) and the deletion of chromosome 17p in newly-diagnosed multiple myeloma are associated with poor disease prognosis and are traditionally deemed as "high-risk". However, in the setting of relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) their effect is less characterized. A systematic search was conducted in the PubMed database (end-of-search: 20 August 2024) for randomized controlled trials on anti-myeloma therapies for RRMM that reported outcomes for standard-risk and high-risk patient subgroups. A total of 28 studies were included; 23 reported progression-free survival (PFS) and 8 overall survival (OS) outcomes. Per overall analysis, high-risk cytogenetics were not associated with impaired treatment efficacy compared to standard-risk in terms of both PFS and OS. Among 9 treatment subgroups, high-risk patients on anti-BCMA therapies seemed to exhibit a 18% lower risk of a PFS event compared to the overall treatment effect for this population, but results were not significant. In the subgroup analyses, deletion 17p seemed to have the biggest impact on treatment efficacy, but results were not statistically significant. Overall, the presence of high-risk cytogenetics at study entry in RRMM did not alter treatment efficacy. Novel tools are needed to improve risk stratification at myeloma relapse.

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of small-molecule TKIs in neoadjuvant treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer using a network meta-analysis approach.

The potential role of shear wave elastography (SWE) in prostate cancer (PCa) remains unclear. We systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library databases to identify correlated studies up to Dec 2024. A total of 137 studies were identified for potential inclusion, and 11 studies were included, comprising 1551 PCa patients. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, and the area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for detecting malignant prostatic nodules were 90% (95% CI, 81-95%), 75% (95% CI, 62-84%) and 90% (95% CI: 87, 92%) in per-patient analysis, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, and AUC were 86% (95% CI: 72%, 95%), 86% (95% CI: 78%, 92%) and 92% (95% CI: 90%, 94%) in per-sextant analysis. Publication bias test addressed low significant small-study bias. We found that SWE may serve as a potential diagnostic strategy for PCa and may help to reduce the number of core biopsies. Since limited quantity and small sample size of included studies, further well-designed studies are strongly encouraged to address this promising strategy.

Locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) represents a pivotal stage of rectal cancer where it is possible to completely cure the cancer before its systemic spread, thus often requiring an aggressive multimodal therapy. Recent trials suggest that programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors combined with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) may improve treatment outcomes. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors when integrated into neoadjuvant CRT regimens for LARC patients.

Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the esophagus is a highly aggressive and rare type of cancer, making diagnosis and treatment challenging for clinicians. The current guidelines provide conflicting recommendations, and no standardized treatment protocol is available. We aim to deliver a systematic review of esophageal neuroendocrine carcinoma, including patient characteristics, treatment options, and prognostic factors.

Predicting pituitary adenoma (PA) recurrence after surgical resection is critical for guiding clinical decision-making, and machine learning (ML) based models show great promise in improving the accuracy of these predictions. These models can provide valuable insights to surgeons and oncologists, helping them tailor personalized treatment plans, enhance patient prognostication, and optimize follow-up strategies.