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1041. Therapeutic effect of zafirlukast as monotherapy in steroid-naive patients with severe persistent asthma.
We evaluated the efficacy of the leukotriene receptor antagonist zafirlukast (Accolate), 20 mg twice daily, as monotherapy in patients with severe persistent asthma (defined by an FEV1 < 60% of predicted before treatment and frequent night-time symptoms).
1042. Comparative efficacy and safety of albuterol sulfate Spiros inhaler and albuterol metered-dose inhaler in asthma.
To compare the long-term efficacy and safety of albuterol administration using a Spiros Inhalation System (Dura Pharmaceuticals; San Diego, CA) dry powder inhaler (DPI) and albuterol (Ventolin; Glaxo Wellcome; Research Triangle Park, NC) administration using a metered-dose inhaler (MDI) in patients with asthma.
1045. The utility of a somatostatin-type receptor binding peptide radiopharmaceutical (P829) in the evaluation of solitary pulmonary nodules.
Many neoplasms including small cell cancers more densely express somatostatin-type receptors or more avidly bind somatostatin than granulomatous and other nonmalignant processes. While non-small cell neoplasms of the lung have not yet been shown to demonstrate this receptor expression, previous studies have documented non-small cell lung cancer detection with somatostatin analog scintigraphy. This phenomenon can be conceivably exploited utilizing technetium Tc-99m P829 (P829), a unique low molecular weight somatostatin-type receptor binding polypeptide radiopharmaceutical. The objective of this study was to determine the ability of P829 scintigraphy to noninvasively differentiate malignant and nonmalignant solitary pulmonary nodules (SPNs).
1046. Effects of sodium bicarbonate administration on the exercise tolerance of normal subjects breathing through dead space.
作者: R W Light.;M J Peng.;D W Stansbury.;C S Sassoon.;J A Despars.;C K Mahutte.
来源: Chest. 1999年115卷1期102-8页
The purpose of this study was to determine whether the administration of sodium bicarbonate to normal individuals would increase their PaCO2 and thereby decrease the ventilatory requirements at a given workload.
1047. Comparison of 2.5 vs 7.5 mg of inhaled albuterol in the treatment of acute asthma.
The optimal dose of albuterol to use in the treatment of acute asthma has yet to be established. The National Asthma Education and Prevention Program (NAEPP) recommends a starting dose of 2.5 to 5 mg of aerosolized albuterol every 20 min, although European authorities recommend higher doses. The purpose of this study was to compare 2.5 vs 7.5 mg of nebulized albuterol for the treatment of acute asthma.
1048. Theophylline for irreversible chronic airflow limitation: a randomized study comparing n of 1 trials to standard practice.
作者: J L Mahon.;A Laupacis.;R V Hodder.;D A McKim.;N A Paterson.;T E Wood.;A Donner.
来源: Chest. 1999年115卷1期38-48页
To compare quality of life and exercise capacity (primary aim), and drug usage (secondary aim), between groups of patients with irreversible chronic airflow limitation (CAL) who were undergoing theophylline Theo-Dur; Key Pharmaceuticals; Kenilworth, NJ) therapy guided by n of 1 trials or standard practice.
1049. The effect of high-dose inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate in patients with stable COPD.
作者: K Nishimura.;H Koyama.;A Ikeda.;M Tsukino.;T Hajiro.;M Mishima.;T Izumi.
来源: Chest. 1999年115卷1期31-7页
The benefits of inhaled corticosteroids in the management of COPD are less apparent than they are in asthma therapy, and the potential for adverse systemic effects of high-dose inhaled corticosteroids has been recognized recently. It is therefore essential to know the maximal obtainable benefits in order to assess the risk/benefit ratio of this treatment.
1050. Pharmacokinetics of rifampin under fasting conditions, with food, and with antacids.
Determine the intrasubject and intersubject variability in, and the effects of food or antacids on, the pharmacokinetics of rifampin (RIF).
1052. Comparison of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation with standard medical therapy in hypercapnic acute respiratory failure.
To compare the efficacy of standard medical therapy (ST) and noninvasive mechanical ventilation additional to standard medical therapy in hypercapnic acute respiratory failure (HARF).
1053. Exercise-induced bronchospasm in high school athletes via a free running test: incidence and epidemiology.
作者: D S Kukafka.;D M Lang.;S Porter.;J Rogers.;D Ciccolella.;M Polansky.;G E D'Alonzo.
来源: Chest. 1998年114卷6期1613-22页
Exercise-induced bronchospasm (EIB) affects up to 35% of athletes and up to 90% of asthmatics. Asthma morbidity and mortality have increased over the past several decades among residents of Philadelphia, PA. It is possible that a simple free running test for EIB may serve as a tool to study the factors contributing to recent trends in asthma, and to screen for asthma in athletes in the urban setting.
1054. Assessing the reversibility of airway obstruction.
To determine whether changes of partial expiratory flow-volume curve (PEFV) and inspiratory capacity (IC) detect functional responses to bronchodilator in patients who do not meet the FEV1 criteria for reversibility of airway obstruction.
1055. PREPARED: Preparation for Angiography in Renal Dysfunction: a randomized trial of inpatient vs outpatient hydration protocols for cardiac catheterization in mild-to-moderate renal dysfunction.
IV hydration before and after cardiac catheterization is effective in preventing contrast-associated renal dysfunction for patients with mild-to-moderate renal insufficiency, but necessitates overnight hospital admission. We tested an outpatient oral precatheterization hydration strategy in comparison with overnight IV hydration.
1056. Estrogen acutely abolishes abnormal cold-induced coronary constriction in men.
作者: S E Reis.;R Holubkov.;K A Zell.;A J Smith.;H A Cohen.;M D Feldman.;R S Blumenthal.
来源: Chest. 1998年114卷6期1556-61页
Ambient cold exposure may induce myocardial ischemia by precipitating coronary artery constriction and a decrease in coronary blood flow. Estrogen has vasoactive properties that may prevent abnormal coronary constriction in a sex-independent manner. The purpose of this study is to determine whether estrogen acutely abolishes abnormal coronary responses to cold exposure in men.
1057. Respiratory muscle performance, pulmonary mechanics, and gas exchange between the BiPAP S/T-D system and the Servo Ventilator 900C with bilevel positive airway pressure ventilation following gradual pressure support weaning.
Our objective was to compare respiratory muscle performance, pulmonary mechanics, and gas exchange between the BiPAP S/T-D ventilation system (Respironics Inc; Murrysville, PA) and the Servo Ventilator 900C (Siemens-Elma AB; Sweden) with similar inspiratory and expiratory airway pressure in patients who are recovering from acute respiratory failure.
1058. Comparing two heat and moisture exchangers, one hydrophobic and one hygroscopic, on humidifying efficacy and the rate of nosocomial pneumonia.
Many heat and moisture exchangers with filter (HMEF) have been developed. In-house data from companies provide some information about their performances; unfortunately, to our knowledge, no comparative evaluation in clinical conditions has been undertaken of these newer products. The aim of this study was to compare the efficiency of two HMEFs, one hydrophobic and one hygroscopic, on humidifying capacity and the rate of bronchial colonization and ventilator-associated pneumonia in ICU patients.
1059. Captopril reduces the VE/VCO2 ratio in myocardial infarction patients with low ejection fraction.
To determine whether captopril (CAP) therapy had an effect on the minute ventilation/carbon dioxide output (VE/VCO2) ratio at submaximal levels of exercise in asymptomatic patients with reduced left ventricular function after myocardial infarction.
1060. Inhaled corticosteroid improves bronchial reactivity and decreases symptoms in patients with mitral stenosis.
作者: G Cieslewicz.;G Juszczyk.;J Foremny.;E Hamelmann.;Z Religa.;M Zembala.;E W Gelfand.
来源: Chest. 1998年114卷4期1070-4页
To determine if treatment with inhaled budesonide forte can diminish increased bronchial hyperreactivity and improve symptoms in patients with mitral valve stenosis.
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