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981. Character of a wheat amylase inhibitor preparation and effects on fasting human pancreaticobiliary secretions and hormones.
Amylase inhibition induces carbohydrate tolerance, satiety, and weight loss and prolongs gastric emptying, effects that may be useful in the treatment of obesity and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to determine (1) purity of a wheat amylase inhibitor preparation, (2) intraduodenal concentration of the wheat amylase inhibitor preparation that inhibits > 90% amylase activity (which causes carbohydrate malabsorption), and (3) if the inhibitor alters pancreaticobiliary secretions or intraluminal pH.
982. Long-term efficacy of ribavirin plus interferon alfa in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C.
作者: M Y Lai.;J H Kao.;P M Yang.;J T Wang.;P J Chen.;K W Chan.;J S Chu.;D S Chen.
来源: Gastroenterology. 1996年111卷5期1307-12页
Sustained response to interferon treatment for chronic hepatitis C is unsatisfactory. This study examined whether combining interferon alfa with ribavirin induces a better sustained efficacy than interferon alone in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C.
983. Double-blind randomized controlled trial comparing terlipressin and somatostatin for acute variceal hemorrhage. Variceal Bleeding Study Group.
Terlipressin and somatostatin decrease portal pressure and have been used to treat variceal hemorrhage, but they have not been adequately compared. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of these drugs in the treatment of variceal bleeding in cirrhotic patients.
984. Fluconazole versus itraconazole for candida esophagitis in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Candida Esophagitis.
作者: G Barbaro.;G Barbarini.;W Calderon.;B Grisorio.;P Alcini.;G Di Lorenzo.
来源: Gastroenterology. 1996年111卷5期1169-77页
Contrasting opinions exist about the pharmacological treatment of esophageal candidiasis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The aim of this study was to assess the long-term efficacy of fluconazole and itraconazole treatment.
985. Randomized, comparative study of oral ofloxacin versus intravenous cefotaxime in spontaneous bacterial peritonitis.
作者: M Navasa.;A Follo.;J M Llovet.;G Clemente.;V Vargas.;A Rimola.;F Marco.;C Guarner.;M Forné.;R Planas.;R Bañares.;L Castells.;M T Jimenez De Anta.;V Arroyo.;J Rodés.
来源: Gastroenterology. 1996年111卷4期1011-7页
Treatment of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis currently involves intravenous antibiotic administration. To test the possibility of treating spontaneous bacterial peritonitis with oral antibiotics, oral ofloxacin was compared with intravenous cefotaxime in this infection.
986. Randomized trial comparing albumin, dextran 70, and polygeline in cirrhotic patients with ascites treated by paracentesis.
作者: A Ginès.;G Fernández-Esparrach.;A Monescillo.;C Vila.;E Domènech.;R Abecasis.;P Angeli.;L Ruiz-Del-Arbol.;R Planas.;R Solà.;P Ginès.;R Terg.;L Inglada.;P Vaqué.;F Salerno.;V Vargas.;G Clemente.;J C Quer.;W Jiménez.;V Arroyo.;J Rodés.
来源: Gastroenterology. 1996年111卷4期1002-10页
Paracentesis associated with plasma expanders is widely used for the treatment of ascites in cirrhosis. This study investigated the clinical importance of paracentesis-induced-circulatory dysfunction and compared the efficacy of albumin, dextran 70, and polygeline in preventing this complication.
987. Prostaglandin E1 administration following orthotopic liver transplantation: a randomized prospective multicenter trial.
作者: A S Klein.;J B Cofer.;T L Pruett.;P J Thuluvath.;R McGory.;L Uber.;W C Stevenson.;P Baliga.;J F Burdick.
来源: Gastroenterology. 1996年111卷3期710-5页
Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) has been used after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) based on limited clinical data suggesting PGE1 infusion improves immediate hepatic allograft function. The aim of this study was to conduct a randomized double-blinded multicenter trial to evaluate the effect of PGE1 on early hepatic and renal function in patients undergoing OLT.
988. Endoscopic injection for bleeding peptic ulcer: a comparison of adrenaline alone with adrenaline plus human thrombin.
Endoscopic injection therapy improves outcome in bleeding peptic ulcer, but the optimum regimen is unknown. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of endoscopic therapy with dilute adrenaline alone vs. adrenaline plus human thrombin in the treatment of patients with major peptic ulcer hemorrhage.
989. Effect of omeprazole on the distribution of metronidazole, amoxicillin, and clarithromycin in human gastric juice.
作者: A F Goddard.;M J Jessa.;D A Barrett.;P N Shaw.;J P Idström.;C Cederberg.;R C Spiller.
来源: Gastroenterology. 1996年111卷2期358-67页
The mechanism by which antimicrobial therapy against Helicobacter pylori is enhanced by acid suppression is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of omeprazole on gastric juice, plasma, and saliva concentrations of metronidazole, amoxicillin, and clarithromycin.
990. Survival and prognostic factors in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis treated with prednisolone.
作者: P Mathurin.;V Duchatelle.;M J Ramond.;C Degott.;P Bedossa.;S Erlinger.;J P Benhamou.;J C Chaput.;B Rueff.;T Poynard.
来源: Gastroenterology. 1996年110卷6期1847-53页
Corticosteroids have been shown to significantly decrease short-term mortality in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis. However, independent factors associated with a favorable outcome and long-term survival are unknown. The aim of this study was to examine prognostic factors and long-term survival in patients with biopsy-proven severe alcoholic hepatitis.
991. Fluconazole compared with endoscopy for human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with esophageal symptoms.
The best initial treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients with esophageal symptoms is unknown. The outcome, including safety and cost-effectiveness, of fluconazole compared with endoscopy as a treatment strategy for HIV-infected patients with new-onset esophageal symptoms was evaluated.
992. Oral budesonide versus prednisolone in patients with active extensive and left-sided ulcerative colitis.
作者: R Löfberg.;A Danielsson.;O Suhr.;A Nilsson.;R Schiöler.;A Nyberg.;R Hultcrantz.;B Kollberg.;R Gillberg.;R Willén.;T Persson.;L Salde.
来源: Gastroenterology. 1996年110卷6期1713-8页
Systemic glucocorticosteroids (GCSs) have proven efficacy in active ulcerative colitis but cause undesired systemic side effects. Therefore, new GCSs with high topical activity and a high rate of metabolism may be of clinical value in this condition. The aim of this study was to explore the efficacy and safety of the topically acting GCS budesonide in an oral controlled-release formulation in extensive or left-sided, mild to moderately active ulcerative colitis.
993. Effects of ursodeoxycholic acid on survival in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis.
作者: K D Lindor.;T M Therneau.;R A Jorgensen.;M Malinchoc.;E R Dickson.
来源: Gastroenterology. 1996年110卷5期1515-8页
Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) has been shown to be a safe and effective treatment for patients with primary biliary cirrhosis; however, its effect on patient survival is less certain. To study this issue, the survival of patients receiving long-term UDCA treatment was compared with that of a control group, adjusting for their risk scores based on the Mayo model.
994. Methotrexate in chronic active ulcerative colitis: a double-blind, randomized, Israeli multicenter trial.
作者: R Oren.;N Arber.;S Odes.;M Moshkowitz.;D Keter.;I Pomeranz.;Y Ron.;I Reisfeld.;E Broide.;A Lavy.;A Fich.;R Eliakim.;J Patz.;E Bardan.;Y Villa.;T Gilat.
来源: Gastroenterology. 1996年110卷5期1416-21页
Uncontrolled studies have suggested that methotrexate may be effective in patients with active ulcerative colitis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of oral methotrexate in chronic steroid-dependent ulcerative colitis in a randomized, double-blind multicenter trial.
995. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt versus sclerotherapy in the elective treatment of variceal hemorrhage.
作者: J Cabrera.;M Maynar.;R Granados.;E Gorriz.;R Reyes.;J M Pulido-Duque.;J L Rodriguez SanRoman.;C Guerra.;D Kravetz.
来源: Gastroenterology. 1996年110卷3期832-9页
Uncontrolled studies suggest that placement of a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) could be useful in the treatment of variceal bleeding. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of TIPS in the elective treatment of hemorrhage from esophageal varices in a randomized controlled study that compared the effects of TIPS with those of endoscopic sclerotherapy (ES).
996. Mesalamine in Crohn's disease with steroid-induced remission: effect on steroid withdrawal and remission maintenance, Groupe d'Etudes Thérapeutiques des Affections Inflammatoires Digestives.
作者: R Modigliani.;J F Colombel.;J L Dupas.;M Dapoigny.;V Costil.;M Veyrac.;B Duclos.;J C Soulé.;J P Gendre.;J P Galmiche.;O Danne.;G Cadiot.;H Lamouliatte.;J Belaïche.;J Y Mary.
来源: Gastroenterology. 1996年110卷3期688-93页
Steroid dependence and early relapse are frequent after a prednisolone-induces remission in Crohn's disease. The aim of this trial was to test whether mesalamine started at the onset of steroid tapering increases the rate of weaning from prednisolone and reduces the relapse rate after prednisolone cessation.
997. Role of intraduodenal proteases in plasma cholecystokinin and pancreaticobiliary responses to protein and amino acids.
作者: P W Thimister.;W P Hopman.;C E Sloots.;G Rosenbusch.;H L Willems.;F J Trijbels.;J B Jansen.
来源: Gastroenterology. 1996年110卷2期567-75页
The role of small intestinal proteolytic activity in the regulation of upper gastrointestinal function in humans is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to determine the importance of proteolytic activity for protein- or amino acid-induced cholecystokinin release and pancreaticobiliary secretion.
998. Randomized comparison of ligation versus ligation plus sclerotherapy in patients with bleeding esophageal varices.
Combining endoscopic sclerotherapy with ligation has been proposed to hasten variceal eradication. A randomized trial was performed comparing combination ligation plus sclerotherapy with ligation alone in patients with major bleeding from esophageal varices.
999. Pathogenesis of gastric metaplasia of the human duodenum: role of Helicobacter pylori, gastric acid, and ulceration.
作者: S Khulusi.;S Badve.;P Patel.;R Lloyd.;J M Marrero.;C Finlayson.;M A Mendall.;T C Northfield.
来源: Gastroenterology. 1996年110卷2期452-8页
The pathogenesis of gastric metaplasia (GM) in the duodenum is unclear. The aim of this investigation was to study the effect on the extent of GM of ulcer healing, Helicobacter pylori eradication, and acid suppression singly and in combination. The relationship between GM and gastroduodenal inflammation and H. pylori infection density was also studied.
1000. Intracolonic injection of glycerol: a model for abdominal pain in irritable bowel syndrome?
作者: D Louvel.;M Delvaux.;G Staumont.;F Camman.;J Fioramonti.;L Bueno.;J Frexinos.
来源: Gastroenterology. 1996年110卷2期351-61页
Abdominal pain is the main symptom in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Glycerol is an irritant of colonic mucosa. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of an intraluminal injection of glycerol on colonic motility and tone in patients with IBS and their modulation by drugs.
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