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81. A Trial of Intranasal Corticosteroids to Treat Childhood OSA Syndrome.
作者: Ignacio E Tapia.;Justine Shults.;Christopher M Cielo.;Andrea B Kelly.;Lisa M Elden.;Jonathan M Spergel.;Ruth M Bradford.;Mary Anne Cornaglia.;Laura M Sterni.;Jerilynn Radcliffe.
来源: Chest. 2022年162卷4期899-919页
Intranasal corticosteroids (INCS) are frequently used to treat OSA syndrome (OSAS) in children. However, their efficacy has not been rigorously tested.
82. Smartphone-Guided Self-prone Positioning vs Usual Care in Nonintubated Hospital Ward Patients With COVID-19: A Pragmatic Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Garrett Rampon.;Shijing Jia.;Ritwick Agrawal.;Nicholas Arnold.;Alejandro Martín-Quirόs.;Ernest A Fischer.;James Malatack.;Nikhil Jagan.;Amen Sergew.;Amy Hajari Case.;Kristin Miller.;Maged Tanios.;Gheorghe Doros.;Craig S Ross.;Michael A Garcia.;Kari R Gillmeyer.;Nicholas G Griffiths.;Badr Jandali.;Katherine L Modzelewski.;Justin M Rucci.;Steven Q Simpson.;Allan J Walkey.;Nicholas A Bosch.
来源: Chest. 2022年162卷4期782-791页
Safe, effective, and easily implementable treatments that reduce the progression of respiratory failure in COVID-19 are urgently needed. Despite the increased adoption of prone positioning during the pandemic, the effectiveness of this technique on progression of respiratory failure among nonintubated patients is unclear.
83. Neurovascular Dysregulation and Acute Exercise Intolerance in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Pyridostigmine.
作者: Phillip Joseph.;Rosa Pari.;Sarah Miller.;Arabella Warren.;Mary Catherine Stovall.;Johanna Squires.;Chia-Jung Chang.;Wenzhong Xiao.;Aaron B Waxman.;David M Systrom.
来源: Chest. 2022年162卷5期1116-1126页
Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is characterized by intractable fatigue, postexertional malaise, and orthostatic intolerance, but its pathophysiology is poorly understood. Pharmacologic cholinergic stimulation was used to test the hypothesis that neurovascular dysregulation underlies exercise intolerance in ME/CFS.
84. Defibrotide Therapy for SARS-CoV-2 ARDS.
作者: David Frame.;Gianni B Scappaticci.;Thomas M Braun.;Mary Maliarik.;Thomas H Sisson.;Steven W Pipe.;Daniel A Lawrence.;Paul G Richardson.;Michael Holinstat.;Robert C Hyzy.;Daniel R Kaul.;Kevin S Gregg.;Vibha N Lama.;Gregory A Yanik.
来源: Chest. 2022年162卷2期346-355页
SARS-CoV-2-related ARDS is associated with endothelial dysfunction and profound dysregulation of the thrombotic-fibrinolytic pathway. Defibrotide is a polyanionic compound with fibrinolytic, antithrombotic, and antiinflammatory properties.
85. Optimizing COPD Acute Care Patient Outcomes Using a Standardized Transition Bundle and Care Coordinator: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Chantal E Atwood.;Mohit Bhutani.;Maria B Ospina.;Brian H Rowe.;Richard Leigh.;Lesly Deuchar.;Peter Faris.;Marta Michas.;Kelly J Mrklas.;Jim Graham.;Raymond Aceron.;Ron Damant.;Lee Green.;Naushad Hirani.;Kelly Longard.;Virginia Meyer.;Patrick Mitchell.;Willis Tsai.;Brandie Walker.;Michael K Stickland.
来源: Chest. 2022年162卷2期321-330页
Acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD) are associated with high morbidity and mortality and frequent readmissions.
86. Targeted Temperature Management After In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: An Ancillary Analysis of Targeted Temperature Management for Cardiac Arrest With Nonshockable Rhythm Trial Data.
作者: Alexiane Blanc.;Gwenhael Colin.;Alain Cariou.;Hamid Merdji.;Guillaume Grillet.;Patrick Girardie.;Elisabeth Coupez.;Pierre-François Dequin.;Thierry Boulain.;Jean-Pierre Frat.;Pierre Asfar.;Nicolas Pichon.;Mickael Landais.;Gaëtan Plantefeve.;Jean-Pierre Quenot.;Jean-Charles Chakarian.;Michel Sirodot.;Stéphane Legriel.;Nicolas Massart.;Didier Thevenin.;Arnaud Desachy.;Arnaud Delahaye.;Vlad Botoc.;Sylvie Vimeux.;Frederic Martino.;Jean Reignier.;F S Taccone.;J B Lascarrou.
来源: Chest. 2022年162卷2期356-366页
Targeted temperature management (TTM) currently is the only treatment with demonstrated efficacy in attenuating the harmful effects on the brain of ischemia-reperfusion injury after cardiac arrest. However, whether TTM is beneficial in the subset of patients with in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) remains unclear.
87. Asthma Control, Airway Mucus, and 129Xe MRI Ventilation After a Single Benralizumab Dose.
作者: Marrissa J McIntosh.;Harkiran K Kooner.;Rachel L Eddy.;Samira Jeimy.;Christopher Licskai.;Constance A Mackenzie.;Sarah Svenningsen.;Parameswaran Nair.;Cory Yamashita.;Grace Parraga.
来源: Chest. 2022年162卷3期520-533页
Patients with eosinophilic asthma often report poor symptomatic control and quality of life. Anti-IL-5 therapy, including anti-IL-5Rα (benralizumab), rapidly depletes eosinophils in the blood and airways and also reduces asthma exacerbations and improves quality of life scores. In patients with severe asthma, eosinophilic inflammation-driven airway mucus occlusions have been measured using thoracic x-ray CT imaging. Pulmonary 129Xe MRI ventilation defect percentage (VDP) also sensitively measures asthma airway dysfunction caused by airway hyperresponsiveness, remodeling, and luminal mucus occlusions. Using 129Xe MRI and CT imaging together, it is feasible to measure both airway luminal occlusions and airway ventilation in relationship to anti-IL-5 therapy to ascertain the direct impact of therapy-induced eosinophil depletion on airway function.
88. Results of a Phase 2b Trial With GB001, a Prostaglandin D2 Receptor 2 Antagonist, in Moderate to Severe Eosinophilic Asthma.
作者: Mark H Moss.;Njira L Lugogo.;Mario Castro.;Nicola A Hanania.;Andrea Ludwig-Sengpiel.;Dinesh Saralaya.;Rafal Dobek.;Iñigo Ojanguren.;Ivan Vyshnyvetskyy.;Jean-Marie Bruey.;Robin Osterhout.;Cindy-Ann Tompkins.;Karen Dittrich.;Kartik Raghupathi.;Hector Ortega.; .
来源: Chest. 2022年162卷2期297-308页
Prostaglandin D2 receptor 2 (DP2) antagonists inhibit prostaglandin D2-induced effects, including recruitment and activation of cells driving asthma pathogenesis. However, challenges identifying target population and end points persist.
89. Dupilumab Reduces Oral Corticosteroid Use in Patients With Corticosteroid-Dependent Severe Asthma: An Analysis of the Phase 3, Open-Label Extension TRAVERSE Trial.
作者: Lawrence D Sher.;Michael E Wechsler.;Klaus F Rabe.;Jorge F Maspero.;Nadia Daizadeh.;Xuezhou Mao.;Benjamin Ortiz.;Leda P Mannent.;Elizabeth Laws.;Marcella Ruddy.;Nami Pandit-Abid.;Juby A Jacob-Nara.;Rebecca Gall.;Paul J Rowe.;Yamo Deniz.;David J Lederer.;Megan Hardin.
来源: Chest. 2022年162卷1期46-55页
Many patients with severe asthma require chronic corticosteroid treatment to maintain asthma control.
90. Azithromycin for Poorly Controlled Asthma in Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
作者: Jagat Jeevan Ghimire.;Kana Ram Jat.;Jhuma Sankar.;Rakesh Lodha.;Venkat K Iyer.;Hitender Gautam.;Seema Sood.;S K Kabra.
来源: Chest. 2022年161卷6期1456-1464页
Azithromycin has immunomodulatory actions, and its beneficial effects have been demonstrated in asthmatic adults. Data on children are limited.
91. Effects of CPAP on Metabolic Syndrome in Patients With OSA: A Randomized Trial.
作者: Sara Q C Giampá.;Sofia F Furlan.;Lunara S Freitas.;Thiago A Macedo.;Adriana Lebkuchen.;Karina H M Cardozo.;Valdemir M Carvalho.;Franco C Martins.;Indira F B Azam.;Valéria Costa-Hong.;Heno F Lopes.;Mariana L Baptista.;Carlos E Rochitte.;Luiz A Bortolotto.;Geraldo Lorenzi-Filho.;Luciano F Drager.
来源: Chest. 2022年161卷5期1370-1381页
OSA is associated with metabolic syndrome (MS), but it is unclear whether OSA treatment with CPAP can revert MS.
92. Telemedical Intensivist Consultation During In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Resuscitation: A Simulation-Based, Randomized Controlled Trial.
作者: Ithan D Peltan.;David Guidry.;Katie Brown.;Naresh Kumar.;William Beninati.;Samuel M Brown.
来源: Chest. 2022年162卷1期111-119页
High-quality leadership improves resuscitation for in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA), but experienced resuscitation leaders are unavailable in many settings.
93. Aspirin as a Treatment for ARDS: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial.
作者: Philip Toner.;Andrew J Boyle.;James J McNamee.;Kathryn Callaghan.;Christopher Nutt.;Paul Johnston.;John Trinder.;Margaret McFarland.;Rejina Verghis.;Daniel F McAuley.;Cecilia M O'Kane.
来源: Chest. 2022年161卷5期1275-1284页
There is no pharmacologic treatment for ARDS. Platelets play an important role in the pathophysiology of ARDS. Preclinical, observational, and clinically relevant models of ARDS indicate aspirin as a potential therapeutic option.
94. Effects of Traffic-Related Air Pollution on Exercise Endurance, Dyspnea, and Cardiorespiratory Responses in Health and COPD: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Trial.
作者: Nafeez Syed.;Min Hyung Ryu.;Satvir Dhillon.;Michele R Schaeffer.;Andrew H Ramsook.;Janice M Leung.;Christopher J Ryerson.;Christopher Carlsten.;Jordan A Guenette.; .
来源: Chest. 2022年161卷3期662-675页
Individuals with COPD have increased sensitivity to traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) such as diesel exhaust (DE), but little is known about the acute effects of TRAP on exercise responses in COPD.
95. Lung Response to a Higher Positive End-Expiratory Pressure in Mechanically Ventilated Patients With COVID-19.
作者: Alessandro Protti.;Alessandro Santini.;Francesca Pennati.;Chiara Chiurazzi.;Massimo Cressoni.;Michele Ferrari.;Giacomo E Iapichino.;Luca Carenzo.;Ezio Lanza.;Giorgio Picardo.;Pietro Caironi.;Andrea Aliverti.;Maurizio Cecconi.
来源: Chest. 2022年161卷4期979-988页
International guidelines suggest using a higher (> 10 cm H2O) positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) in patients with moderate-to-severe ARDS due to COVID-19. However, even if oxygenation generally improves with a higher PEEP, compliance, and Paco2 frequently do not, as if recruitment was small.
96. Rivaroxaban vs Dalteparin in Cancer-Associated Thromboembolism: A Randomized Trial.
作者: Benjamin Planquette.;Laurent Bertoletti.;Anaïs Charles-Nelson.;Silvy Laporte.;Claire Grange.;Isabelle Mahé.;Gilles Pernod.;Antoine Elias.;Francis Couturaud.;Nicolas Falvo.;Marie Antoinette Sevestre.;Valérie Ray.;Alexis Burnod.;Nicolas Brebion.;Pierre-Marie Roy.;Miruna Timar-David.;Sandro Aquilanti.;Joel Constans.;Alessandra Bura-Rivière.;Dominique Brisot.;Gilles Chatellier.;Olivier Sanchez.;Guy Meyer.;Philippe Girard.;Patrick Mismetti.; .
来源: Chest. 2022年161卷3期781-790页
Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are an alternative to low-molecular-weight heparin for treating cancer-associated VTE.
97. Significant Spirometric Transitions and Preserved Ratio Impaired Spirometry Among Ever Smokers.
作者: Emily S Wan.;John E Hokanson.;Elizabeth A Regan.;Kendra A Young.;Barry J Make.;Dawn L DeMeo.;Stefanie E Mason.;Raul San Jose Estepar.;James D Crapo.;Edwin K Silverman.
来源: Chest. 2022年161卷3期651-661页
Emerging data from longitudinal studies suggest that preserved ratio impaired spirometry (PRISm), defined by proportionate reductions in FEV1 and FVC, is a heterogeneous population with frequent transitions to other lung function categories relative to individuals with normal and obstructive spirometry. Controversy regarding the clinical significance of these transitions exists (eg, whether transitions merely reflect measurement variability or noise).
98. Study of Alteplase for Respiratory Failure in SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19: A Vanguard Multicenter, Rapidly Adaptive, Pragmatic, Randomized Controlled Trial.
作者: Christopher D Barrett.;Hunter B Moore.;Ernest E Moore.;Janice Wang.;Negin Hajizadeh.;Walter L Biffl.;Lawrence Lottenberg.;Purvesh R Patel.;Michael S Truitt.;Robert C McIntyre.;Todd M Bull.;Lee Anne Ammons.;Arsen Ghasabyan.;James Chandler.;Ivor S Douglas.;Eric P Schmidt.;Peter K Moore.;Franklin L Wright.;Ramona Ramdeo.;Robert Borrego.;Mario Rueda.;Achal Dhupa.;D Scott McCaul.;Tala Dandan.;Pralay K Sarkar.;Benazir Khan.;Coimbatore Sreevidya.;Conner McDaniel.;Heather M Grossman Verner.;Christopher Pearcy.;Lorenzo Anez-Bustillos.;Elias N Baedorf-Kassis.;Rashi Jhunjhunwala.;Shahzad Shaefi.;Krystal Capers.;Valerie Banner-Goodspeed.;Daniel S Talmor.;Angela Sauaia.;Michael B Yaffe.
来源: Chest. 2022年161卷3期710-727页
Pulmonary vascular microthrombi are a proposed mechanism of COVID-19 respiratory failure. We hypothesized that early administration of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) followed by therapeutic heparin would improve pulmonary function in these patients.
99. Reboxetine Plus Oxybutynin for OSA Treatment: A 1-Week, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Crossover Trial.
作者: Elisa Perger.;Luigi Taranto Montemurro.;Debora Rosa.;Stefano Vicini.;Mariapaola Marconi.;Lucia Zanotti.;Paolo Meriggi.;Ali Azarbarzin.;Scott A Sands.;Andrew Wellman.;Carolina Lombardi.;Gianfranco Parati.
来源: Chest. 2022年161卷1期237-247页
The recent discovery that a combination of noradrenergic and antimuscarinic drugs improved upper airway muscle function during sleep and reduced OSA severity has revitalized interest in pharmacologic therapies for OSA.
100. Riociguat for Sarcoidosis-Associated Pulmonary Hypertension: Results of a 1-Year Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.
作者: Robert P Baughman.;Oksana A Shlobin.;Rohit Gupta.;Peter J Engel.;Jeffrey I Stewart.;Elyse E Lower.;Franck F Rahaghi.;Joyce Zeigler.;Steven D Nathan.
来源: Chest. 2022年161卷2期448-457页
Riociguat is effective in delaying the time to clinical worsening (TCW) in patients with groups 1 and 4 pulmonary hypertension.
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