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901. Safety and efficacy of two courses of OM-85 BV in the prevention of respiratory tract infections in children during 12 months.
Acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) are among the main causes of morbidity and mortality in children. The bacterial extract OM-85 BV (bronchovaxom) has shown protective effect for ARTIs on children. We report a double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel, prospective clinical trial to assess the safety and efficacy of two courses of OM-85 BV in the prevention of ARTIs in susceptible children during 12 months.
902. The effectiveness of outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation in chronic lung disease: a randomized controlled trial.
Patients with chronic pulmonary disease have been shown to benefit from pulmonary rehabilitation programs. Published work has often been from specialized teaching centers and has involved inpatient stay. We assessed an entirely outpatient-based program of pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with chronic lung disease, using the St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) (which measures health-related quality of life) as the primary outcome measure.
903. Is it really useful to repeat outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation programs in patients with chronic airway obstruction? A 2-year controlled study.
To answer the following questions: in patients with chronic airway obstruction (CAO), (1) can pulmonary rehabilitation lead to similar short-term gains at successive, yearly interventions, and (2) is there any real clinical or physiologic long-term benefit by yearly repetition of pulmonary rehabilitation programs (PRPs)?
904. Gender bias in the diagnosis of COPD.
COPD is thought to be more prevalent among men than women, a finding usually attributed to higher smoking rates and more frequent occupational exposures of significance for men. However, smoking prevalence has increased among women and there is evidence that women may be more susceptible to the adverse pulmonary function effects of smoking than men. There may also be underdiagnosis and misdiagnosis of COPD in both sexes because objective measures of lung function are underused.
905. Salmeterol plus theophylline combination therapy in the treatment of COPD.
作者: R L ZuWallack.;D A Mahler.;D Reilly.;N Church.;A Emmett.;K Rickard.;K Knobil.
来源: Chest. 2001年119卷6期1661-70页
Patients with COPD often require multiple therapies to improve lung function and decrease symptoms and exacerbations. Salmeterol and theophylline are indicated for the treatment of COPD, but the use of these agents in combination has not been extensively studied.
906. Clinical correlation with changing radiographic appearance during partial liquid ventilation.
To evaluate the chest radiographic filling pattern associated with partial liquid ventilation (PLV) with the perfluorochemical perflubron (LiquiVent; Alliance Pharmaceutical Corp; San Diego CA) as a function of dose and timing.
907. Predictors of mortality and resource utilization in cirrhotic patients admitted to the medical ICU.
作者: A Aggarwal.;J P Ong.;Z M Younossi.;D R Nelson.;L Hoffman-Hogg.;A C Arroliga.
来源: Chest. 2001年119卷5期1489-97页
Cirrhotic patients admitted to the medical ICU (MICU) are associated with high mortality rates and high resource utilization. This study identifies specific predictors of increased mortality and resource utilization and uses them to develop and validate prognostic models in cirrhotic patients admitted to the MICU.
908. Efficacy of IV theophylline in children with severe status asthmaticus.
作者: R S Ream.;L L Loftis.;G M Albers.;B A Becker.;R E Lynch.;R B Mink.
来源: Chest. 2001年119卷5期1480-8页
To determine whether adding IV theophylline to an aggressive regimen of inhaled and IV beta-agonists, inhaled ipratropium, and IV methylprednisolone would enhance the recovery of children with severe status asthmaticus admitted to the pediatric ICU (PICU).
909. Diltiazem treatment does not alter renal function after thoracic surgery.
There are conflicting reports on the effects of diltiazem treatment on renal function in surgical patients. We sought to determine whether diltiazem treatment alters renal function in patients undergoing major thoracic surgery.
910. Cost-effectiveness of gatifloxacin vs ceftriaxone with a macrolide for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia.
To determine the cost-effectiveness of sequential IV to oral gatifloxacin therapy vs IV ceftriaxone with or without IV erythromycin to oral clarithromycin therapy to treat community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) patients requiring hospitalization.
911. Bupropion for smoking cessation : predictors of successful outcome.
作者: L C Dale.;E D Glover.;D P Sachs.;D R Schroeder.;K P Offord.;I T Croghan.;R D Hurt.
来源: Chest. 2001年119卷5期1357-64页
To identify predictors of smoking abstinence at the end of medication use that could assist in the optimal use of a sustained-release (SR) form of bupropion for treating cigarette smokers.
912. In patients with COPD, treatment with a combination of formoterol and ipratropium is more effective than a combination of salbutamol and ipratropium : a 3-week, randomized, double-blind, within-patient, multicenter study.
作者: A D D'Urzo.;M C De Salvo.;A Ramirez-Rivera.;J Almeida.;L Sichletidis.;G Rapatz.;J Kottakis.; .
来源: Chest. 2001年119卷5期1347-56页
To compare the efficacy of adding formoterol or salbutamol to regular ipratropium bromide treatment in COPD patients whose conditions were suboptimally controlled with ipratropium bromide alone.
913. A placebo-controlled clinical trial of regular monotherapy with short-acting and long-acting beta(2)-agonists in allergic asthmatic patients.
作者: S G Cloosterman.;I D Bijl-Hofland.;C L van Herwaarden.;R P Akkermans.;F J van Den Elshout.;H T Folgering.;C P van Schayck.
来源: Chest. 2001年119卷5期1306-15页
Some recent studies suggest that regular beta(2)-agonist use may result in inadequate control of asthma. It has been hypothesized that this occurs particularly in allergic asthmatic patients exposed to relevant allergens. Moreover, it is still unclear whether this occurs during the use of both short-acting and long-acting beta(2)-agonists.
914. Propofol vs midazolam for ICU sedation : a Canadian multicenter randomized trial.
作者: R I Hall.;D Sandham.;P Cardinal.;M Tweeddale.;D Moher.;X Wang.;A H Anis.; .
来源: Chest. 2001年119卷4期1151-9页
To determine whether sedation with propofol would lead to shorter times to tracheal extubation and ICU length of stay than sedation with midazolam.
915. Steady-state plasma and intrapulmonary concentrations of levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin in healthy adult subjects.
To determine the steady-state plasma, epithelial lining fluid (ELF), and alveolar macrophage (AM) concentrations of levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin.
916. Continuous positive airway pressure normalizes cardiac autonomic and hemodynamic responses to a laboratory stressor in apneic patients.
作者: R A Nelesen.;H Yu.;M G Ziegler.;P J Mills.;J L Clausen.;J E Dimsdale.
来源: Chest. 2001年119卷4期1092-101页
We examined the effect of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment for sleep apnea on cardiac contractility, heart rate variability, and hemodynamics at rest and in response to a laboratory stressor. SUBJECTS AND INSTRUMENTATION: Forty-one apneic patients were studied on three occasions: before treatment, after 1 full night of CPAP treatment, and after 1 week of CPAP treatment. The subjects were randomly assigned to receive effective treatment or placebo. Contractility and hemodynamics were determined with impedance cardiography, and parasympathetic activity was assessed by analysis of heart rate variability. Measures were determined at rest and in response to a stressor.
917. Effect of ischemic preconditioning on myocardial protection in coronary artery bypass graft patients : can the free radicals act as a trigger for ischemic preconditioning?
作者: Z K Wu.;M R Tarkka.;J Eloranta.;E Pehkonen.;L Kaukinen.;E L Honkonen.;S Kaukinen.
来源: Chest. 2001年119卷4期1061-8页
To investigate the interrelationship of free radicals (FRs), ischemic preconditioning (IP), and hemodynamic function in coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) patients.
918. Evaluation of salmeterol or montelukast as second-line therapy for asthma not controlled with inhaled corticosteroids.
To assess the addition of a leukotriene receptor antagonist and a long-acting beta(2)-agonist as second-line therapy in asthma.
919. Comparative in vivo lung delivery of hydrofluoroalkane-salbutamol formulation via metered-dose inhaler alone, with plastic spacer, or with cardboard tube.
To compare the lung delivery of chlorofluorocarbon-free salbutamol via a pressurized metered-dose inhaler (pMDI) alone, a pMDI with a small-volume plastic spacer, and a pMDI with a cardboard tube.
920. Systemic glucocorticoids in severe exacerbations of COPD.
This study aimed to compare the efficacies of 3-day and 10-day courses of methylprednisolone (MP) treatment in severe COPD exacerbations necessitating hospitalization for respiratory failure.
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