The way in which risk predictors combine and contribute to severe asthma exacerbations may differ between clinical trials and real-world settings.

Use of nonphysician alternative care providers (ACPs) can improve timely access to sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) care, and previous studies have demonstrated beneficial short-term clinical outcomes. Longer-term clinical and economic impacts of an ACP model for patients with severe SDB have not been evaluated.

Because lung cancer risk remains elevated beyond 15 years after smoking cessation, the American Cancer Society (ACS) recommended in 2023 to remove the quit duration criterion from the United States Preventive Services Taskforce (USPSTF) lung cancer screening guidelines.

Previous studies have shown inconsistent results regarding the use of proton pump inhibitor (PPIs) and the risk on exacerbations in patients with chronic obstructive airway diseases (COADs).

Pulmonary fungal infections, which have traditionally been associated with patients who are immunocompromised, are now increasingly recognized among immunocompetent individuals. This trend is attributable to multiple factors including altered environmental conditions linked to climate change, postviral syndromes, and advances in ICU practices. Immunocompetent hosts typically generate effective responses to pulmonary fungal infection; however, severe disease may develop in the presence of abnormal lung structure or function, transient immune dysfunction, or antigenic hypersensitivity.

Chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) remain one of the leading causes of preventable morbidity and disability worldwide, affecting up to one-third of the total Western population in 2025. Recognizing the substantial burden of inflammatory airway diseases such as asthma, COPD, chronic rhinosinusitis, and respiratory allergy, the European Forum for Research and Education in Allergy and Airway diseases (EUFOREA) organized the symposium "Shaping the Future of Respiratory Care" in April 2025 in Brussels, Belgium, at the occasion of the 10-year jubilee. Featuring keynote speakers from the World Health Organization and EUFOREA, this initiative had the following aims: (1) promoting dialogue on translating innovations into daily clinical practice; (2) encouraging collaboration between the different stakeholders in the respiratory field; and (3) defining strategic priorities to transform respiratory care and arrest the CRD epidemic over the next decade. The symposium highlighted the importance of moving toward predictive, preventive, and patient-centered medicine, while supporting value-based health care systems to improve long-term patient outcomes. This report summarizes the main insights and strategic directions discussed at the meeting.

Non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis is characterized by chronic respiratory symptoms and radiologic airway dilatation. Sustained neutrophilic inflammation is a key driver, prompting interest in antiinflammatory pharmacotherapy as a new treatment paradigm; however, comparisons among antiinflammatory agents are lacking.

Individuals who do not smoke account for a growing proportion of lung cancer (LC) incidence, but the impact of prior lung diseases on lung cancer risk in this population remains unclear.

Routine surveillance cultures are critical in the care of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and are used in clinical decision-making. Due to the improved health of people with CF (pwCF) and the increased use of telehealth for clinical care, there is a strong interest in providing remote care, including remote respiratory specimen collection.

Bronchiectasis and pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infections are chronic diseases that can cause debilitating respiratory symptoms, exacerbations, and even lead to respiratory failure. Clinical care has historically been provided by individual specialists, but multidisciplinary care teams have recently emerged to improve evaluation of underlying etiology and interventions that disrupt the trajectory of disease progression.

The use of invasive mediastinal staging (IMS) before radiation therapy in patients with early stage lung cancer is variable. The reasons for this variation and whether it affects outcomes is unknown. In this context, we conducted a patient- and hospital-level analysis to better understand the impact of this variation.

Little is known about the use of text messages to promote enrollment in smoking cessation treatment.

Nosocomial respiratory infections (NRIs) are the most common complication among patients in the ICU, with Pseudomonas aeruginosa frequently identified. However, the global prevalence of P aeruginosa and associated risk factors remain unclear.

An 18-month-old girl presented to the emergency department with a 1-month history of fever, cough, and difficulty breathing. The cough was progressive over 1 month and productive in nature. Before this admission, she had been hospitalized for 21 days at another facility, where she required intubation and ventilation for 8 days and received IV antibiotics and nebulization for Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia. The child was the firstborn of a nonconsanguineous marriage, with an unremarkable antenatal and natal history. Her developmental milestones were appropriate for her age, and she had completed age-appropriate immunizations without adverse reactions. Mother had history of 2 spontaneous abortions, both in the first trimester.

A 29-year-old man originally from an Eastern European country with a high TB incidence had resided in Western Europe for 6 years. He worked in air conditioning repair and currently smoked. He presented to the emergency department with a 10-day history of chest pain, dry cough, and fever. He had no significant medical history, recent travel, animal contact, or insect bites. He denied IV drug use and risk factors for sexually transmitted infections. On admission, his vital signs were stable except for a low-grade fever of 38.5 °C, with no respiratory distress or audible wheezing noted. He was discharged with a diagnosis of a common cold.

We report the case of a 45-year-old woman who was referred to our Cardiology Department because of persistent exertional dyspnea and peripheral edema. She had an established clinical diagnosis of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia with multiple gastrointestinal telangiectasias that had been submitted to repeat embolization in the past and arteriovenous malformations in the liver and lungs. Complete blood count was diagnostic for severe anemia (hemoglobin 5-6 g/dL). Since the hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia diagnosis 3 years prior, the patient informed us that she has undergone 27 blood transfusions and multiple embolizations to manage gastrointestinal telangiectasias. Given her severe anemia that was caused by gastrointestinal telangiectasia, treatment with bevacizumab was initiated. Bevacizumab was administered over 8 cycles (initially biweekly for 4 doses, followed by monthly administration).

A 74-year-old woman sought treatment with a 4-day history of high fever and rapidly progressive dyspnea. A 2-day course of ceftriaxone and betamethasone administered in an outpatient setting did not result in any clinical improvement, leading to her admission to our hospital. She demonstrated a slight cough but did not report heartburn, night sweats, hemoptysis, myalgia, arthralgia, or weight loss. Her family history was unremarkable.

Sarcoidosis is a systemic, granulomatous disorder commonly affecting the lungs that has the potential to cause numerous thoracic complications. We present a novel case of a 44-year-old woman with pulmonary sarcoidosis who demonstrated a large pulmonary infarction. The disease presentation ultimately was attributed to arterial stenosis resulting from sarcoidosis-associated fibrosing mediastinitis and compressive mediastinal adenopathy. The patient was treated with an extended course of prednisone and subsequently was transitioned to azathioprine with eventual resolution of symptoms, but persistence of imaging findings. Further treatment strategies were considered, including rituximab and vascular stenting, although not pursued. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of pulmonary infarction caused by this mechanism, exemplifying the complex ways in which sarcoidosis can manifest.

Osteoporosis is an important cause for morbidity, but it remains underdiagnosed, and current screening programs for osteoporosis are underused.

Atelectasis during peripheral bronchoscopy can cause CT-to-body divergence, can cause false-positive radial-probe endobronchial ultrasound images, and can obscure a target. As shown in prior studies, ventilatory strategies to prevent atelectasis, although useful, cannot completely avoid this phenomenon.