Although immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are widely used for patients with cancer, evidence of the impact of ICIs on the incidence of arthralgia remains limited.

BackgroundDiabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the serious complications of diabetes mellitus. Laser therapy is the traditional treatment for DR, and the role of vitreous injection of ranibizumab in DR requires evaluation. This meta-analysis aimed to compare the efficacy of ranibizumab combined with laser versus laser monotherapy in treating diabetic retinopathy.Method: We searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, China Biology Medicine Disc (CBM), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang databases, from their inception to October 2024. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared the effectiveness of ranibizumab combined with laser versus laser monotherapy in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy were searched. We used the Cochrane Collaboration tool to evaluate the risk of bias.ResultsOur analysis included 18 studies. The improvement time for retinal edema in the ranibizumab combined with the laser group was significantly shorter than that in the laser monotherapy group (P < 0.05). The time to absorb fundus hemorrhage in the ranibizumab combined with the laser group was significantly shorter than that in the laser monotherapy group (P < 0.05). The absorption time of fundus exudation in the ranibizumab combined with the laser group was significantly lower than that of the laser monotherapy group (P < 0.05). The rate of improvement in vision in the ranibizumab combined with the laser group was significantly higher than that of the laser monotherapy group (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the incidence of adverse reactions (P > 0.05) and retinal thickness in the macula (P > 0.05) between ranibizumab combined with the laser group and the laser monotherapy group.ConclusionThe combination of ranibizumab and laser for diabetic retinopathy is more effective than laser monotherapy.

Cisplatin is an effective antineoplastic drug used worldwide in the treatment of various malignancies. However, it is associated with side effects, including cisplatin-induced hearing loss (CIHL). N-acetylcysteine (NAC) has been suggested as a promising drug to prevent or reduce cisplatin-derived ototoxicity. To evaluate the evidence supporting the efficacy of NAC in preventing CIHL, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature.

One in five chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients experiences such intolerability that they switch tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment within 3 years. Information on tolerability is needed to guide shared decision-making. However, an overview of symptoms patients experience per TKI is lacking, and physician-graded toxicity underestimates patients' experiences.

The combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and radiotherapy (RT) has shown promise in improving the outcomes in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients; however, the potential benefits and predictors remain unclear. This meta-analysis evaluated the efficacy and safety of ICI + RT compared to RT or ICI monotherapy and explored the potential factors influencing the treatment efficacy of this combination therapy. The efficacy was assessed using hazard ratios (HR) for progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Multivariable data were pooled, and subgroup analyses were performed to identify the influencing factors. The safety was evaluated using odds ratios (OR) of any grade and grade ≥3 treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs). ICI + RT significantly improved the OS of patients with brain metastases compared to RT alone (HR = 0.42; P = 0.004). The combination therapy showed improved OS (HR = 0.71; P < 0.001) and PFS (HR = 0.69; P < 0.001) compared to ICI monotherapy. Subgroup analysis revealed significant survival benefits in metastatic and oligometastatic NSCLC patients receiving sequential ICI after RT and those undergoing intracranial or extracranial RT. ICI + RT increased the incidence of any grade TRAEs (OR = 1.3; P = 0.007) compared to ICI alone; no significant difference was observed in grade ≥3 TRAEs. ICI + RT provides significant survival benefits over monotherapy in advanced NSCLC, with a manageable toxicity profile. Prospective trials are needed to validate these findings and refine patient selection for combination therapy.

Poly(adenosine diphosphate [ADP] ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors are expected to provide benefits to the cardiovascular system. However, the cardioprotective effect of PARP inhibitors has not been systematically reviewed or quantitatively analyzed. This study aimed to assess the cardioprotective effects of PARP inhibitors through a meta-analysis of animal studies. Three databases PubMed, Web of Sciences, and Embase were searched until September 1, 2023. The risk of bias was assessed using SYRCLE's Risk of Bias. A total of 74 animal studies that investigated the cardiac function of PARP inhibitors compared to placebo or vehicle, were included. Outcome measures were hemodynamic indexes, cardiac contractility, and biomarkers of myocardial injury. Pooled effect size was estimated using a random-effects model with RevMan 5.4. PARP inhibitors were associated with enhanced hemodynamic indexes, including cardiac output (standardized mean difference, 0.86 [95 % CI, 0.54 to 1.17]; p < 0.00001) and stroke volume (0.42 [0.07 to 0.76]; p = 0.02). PARP inhibitors were associated with increased cardiac contractility, including ejection fraction (0.71 [0.42 to 1.01]; p < 0.00001) and fractional shortening (0.96 [0.62 to 1.31]; p < 0.00001). PARP inhibitors were associated with decreased troponin І (-1.42 [-2.16 to -0.68]; p = 0.0002), plasma B-type natriuretic peptide (-0.95 [-1.56 to -0.33]; p = 0.003), creatine kinase (-1.81 [-2.63 to -0.99]; p < 0.0001), and infarct size (-1.58 [-2.01 to -1.14]; p < 0.00001). PARP inhibitors improve cardiac functions and attenuate myocardial injury in animals, which indicate the cardioprotective effects. Further human studies are necessary.

The relationship between breast cancer prognosis, Body Mass Index (BMI), and endocrine therapy outcomes remains inconclusive. This study examines BMI's impact on survival outcomes in breast cancer patients receiving endocrine therapy through Mendelian randomization (MR) and a comprehensive clinical data review.

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have emerged as an innovative approach in cancer therapy. Although the incidence of ADC-related interstitial lung disease (ILD) is low, it remains a clinically significant and potentially fatal adverse event. This study focuses on evaluating the incidence of ADC-related ILD and examining how specific ADC components contribute to the risk of ILD.

Preserving health-related quality of life is an aspect of care that requires constant attention from the time of cancer diagnosis. Melatonin has been used to diminish treatment-related side effects and cancer symptoms, and as a medication to regulate circadian rhythm. An up-to-date systematic review is needed to investigate the current evidence concerning possible beneficial effects of melatonin on quality of life and sleep in cancer patients.

Large B-cell lymphoma of immune-privileged sites (LBCL-IP) is a rare subtype characterized by immune evasion properties. Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) and primary testicular lymphoma (PTL) are examples of LBCL-IP associated with programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1). Few studies have investigated the use of PD-1 inhibitors in patients with relapsed PCNSL and PTL.

While PD-L1 expression serves as a predictive biomarker for programmed cell death 1 and its ligand (PD-1/PD-L1) inhibitor efficacy in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), its association with treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) has yet to be fully elucidated. This study systematically evaluated the correlation between PD-L1 expression status and TRAEs in patients with NSCLC.

There is a gap in knowledge about the efficacy of exercise in managing cancer-related fatigue (CRF) in adolescents and young adults (AYAs) during and after chemotherapy.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is characterized by clonal expansion of myeloid precursors, often accompanied by poor prognostic outcomes in older populations due to molecular heterogeneity and resistance to conventional chemotherapeutic agents. Glasdegib, a potent inhibitor of the Hedgehog signaling pathway, has emerged as a targeted agent that enhances chemosensitivity and demonstrates favorable pharmacodynamic profiles in combination regimens. This systematic review evaluates the clinical efficacy and safety of Glasdegib-based therapies in the management of AML.

Cutaneous immune-related adverse events (cirAEs) represent a prevalent manifestation of adverse reactions linked to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) therapy, substantially affecting patients' quality of life. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to quantify the pooled incidence of cirAEs in this population and strengthen clinical awareness for early recognition and management.

Cardiovascular disease and cancer represent significant global health challenges. An overlap between oncology and cardiology is compounded by cancer therapies, which are known to have cardiotoxic effects. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), initially developed for treating diabetes, have shown promising cardiovascular benefits in non-cancer populations, particularly in preventing heart failure (HF) and reducing HF-related hospitalization and mortality in large randomized controlled trials (RCTs) across the spectrum of left ventricular ejection fraction. However, their potential cardioprotective role in cancer patients remains unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated cardiovascular outcomes in cancer patients with type 2 diabetes undergoing chemotherapy with concomitant use of SGLT2i compared with those not using SGLT2i. Subgroup analyses were performed to explore patients without baseline HF and patients treated exclusively with anthracyclines.

1-2 % of metastatic colorectal cancers (mCRC) harbor an activating KRAS-G12C mutation. This study aims to pool the results of available clinical trials of KRAS-G12C inhibitors, comparing monotherapy and combinations.

This study conducted a network meta-analysis to evaluate and rank the safety and efficacy of programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) inhibitors for patients with advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction cancer (GC/GEJC).

Intravenous (IV) chemotherapy and immunotherapy are administered at frequent, regular intervals (weekly to four-weekly) for 4 to 24 months, with treatment sessions lasting between 20 minutes and several hours for adults with cancer. These treatments are usually given in chemotherapy day units in hospitals as same-day treatments. However, less complex anti-cancer therapy regimens may be administered in the participant's home.

Dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS) is a rare and aggressive subtype of soft tissue sarcoma, characterized by limited treatment options and poor prognosis. Despite surgical resection being the only potentially curative treatment for localized DDLPS, the recurrence rate remains high, and systemic chemotherapy, typically anthracycline-based, shows limited efficacy in advanced stages. While immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have shown promise in various sarcoma subtypes, including DDLPS, their role as a first-line treatment remains unclear.

Recent clinical trials demonstrated that as adjuvant therapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) following intravenous cytotoxic chemotherapy may have a nonsignificant advantage over intravenous cytotoxic chemotherapy only in completely resected stage IB non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Meanwhile, several studies reported that oral tegafur-uracil may have a comparable benefit to intravenous chemotherapy in long-term survival outcomes in these patients. However, there is currently a lack of head-to-head comparison between ICIs following intravenous cytotoxic chemotherapy and tegafur-uracil. Therefore, we designed a network meta-analysis in assessing overall survival (OS) and a composite endpoint of disease free survival (DFS) and recurrence free survival (RFS) as measures of effect. Our results indicated that, limited to stage IB, calculated hazard ratio (HR) was 1.02 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.53-1.96) for OS and calculated HR was 0.90 (95% CI: 0.43-1.87) for DFS, while in stage IB to IIIA patients, calculated HR was 0.97 (95% CI: 0.70-1.37) for OS and calculated HR was 0.75 (95% CI: 0.59-0.95) for DFS. In conclusion, tegafur-uracil may offer a comparable benefit to ICIs following chemotherapy in limitation to stage IB NSCLC patients only. Future clinical trials may be designed for stage IB NSCLC, separately from stage II and III.