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681. Reappraisal of clindamycin IV monotherapy for treatment of mild-to-moderate aspiration pneumonia in elderly patients.
作者: Maiko Kadowaki.;Yoshiki Demura.;Shiro Mizuno.;Daisuke Uesaka.;Shingo Ameshima.;Isamu Miyamori.;Takeshi Ishizaki.
来源: Chest. 2005年127卷4期1276-82页
As the number of elderly people has increased in Japan, the occurrence of aspiration pneumonia has also increased. Guidelines for the treatment of pneumonia have been proposed, in which the use of antibiotics, such as beta-lactam plus beta-lactamase inhibitor, clindamycin, and carbapenem, has been recommended as effective against anaerobic bacteria in the treatment of aspiration pneumonia. However, to our knowledge, a prospective comparison of these antibiotics regarding their clinical efficacy in aspiration pneumonia has not been performed.
682. Treatment with the immunomodulator AM3 improves the health-related quality of life of patients with COPD.
作者: Melchor Alvarez-Mon.;Marc Miravitlles.;Josep Morera.;Luis Callol.;José L Alvarez-Sala.
来源: Chest. 2005年127卷4期1212-8页
COPD has a severe impact on patient quality of life. AM3 is an orally effective immunomodulator that can normalize the defective antimicrobial functions of the immune system effector cells of COPD patients.
683. Lung volume reduction surgery vs medical treatment: for patients with advanced emphysema.
作者: John D Miller.;Robert L Berger.;Richard A Malthaner.;Bartolome R Celli.;Charles H Goldsmith.;Edward P Ingenito.;David Higgins.;Peter Bagley.;Gerard Cox.;Cameron D Wright.
来源: Chest. 2005年127卷4期1166-77页
To contribute to the knowledge on the therapeutic value of lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS).
684. The effect of residential exercise training on baroreflex control of heart rate and sympathetic nerve activity in patients with acute myocardial infarction.
作者: Jun Mimura.;Fumio Yuasa.;Reisuke Yuyama.;Akihiro Kawamura.;Masayoshi Iwasaki.;Tetsuro Sugiura.;Toshiji Iwasaka.
来源: Chest. 2005年127卷4期1108-15页
Exercise training has been shown to favorably affect the prognosis after acute myocardial infarction (AMI), but the mechanisms of such favorable effects remain speculative. The aim of this study was to determine whether exercise training improves baroreflex control of heart rate and muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) in patients with AMI.
685. Cardiac autonomic changes associated with fish oil vs soy oil supplementation in the elderly.
作者: Fernando Holguin.;Martha M Téllez-Rojo.;Mariana Lazo.;David Mannino.;Joel Schwartz.;Mauricio Hernández.;Isabelle Romieu.
来源: Chest. 2005年127卷4期1102-7页
Omega-3 fatty acid levels are associated with decreased risk for sudden death; however, the protective cardiovascular mechanisms of omega-3 are poorly understood. This study addresses the heart rate variability (HRV) changes in a cohort of elderly subjects randomized to receive either a daily high dose of marine-derived omega-3 fatty acids (fish oil) or a lower daily dose of a plant-derived omega-3 fatty acid (alpha-linolenic acid) in soy oil.
686. Influence of potassium dichromate on tracheal secretions in critically ill patients.
作者: Michael Frass.;Christoph Dielacher.;Manfred Linkesch.;Christian Endler.;Ilse Muchitsch.;Ernst Schuster.;Alan Kaye.
来源: Chest. 2005年127卷3期936-41页
Stringy, tenacious tracheal secretions may prevent extubation in patients weaned from the respirator. This prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study with parallel assignment was performed to assess the influence of sublingually administered potassium dichromate C30 on the amount of tenacious, stringy tracheal secretions in critically ill patients with a history of tobacco use and COPD.
687. Phase III intergroup study of talc poudrage vs talc slurry sclerosis for malignant pleural effusion.
作者: Carolyn M Dresler.;Jemi Olak.;James E Herndon.;William G Richards.;Ernest Scalzetti.;Stewart B Fleishman.;Kemp H Kernstine.;Todd Demmy.;David M Jablons.;Leslie Kohman.;Thomas M Daniel.;George B Haasler.;David J Sugarbaker.; .; .; .; .
来源: Chest. 2005年127卷3期909-15页
To demonstrate the efficacy, safety, and appropriate mode of instillation of talc for sclerosis in treatment of malignant pleural effusions (MPEs).
688. Pulmonary outcomes of off-pump vs on-pump coronary artery bypass surgery in a randomized trial.
作者: Gerald W Staton.;Willis H Williams.;Elizabeth M Mahoney.;Jeff Hu.;Haitao Chu.;Peggy G Duke.;John D Puskas.
来源: Chest. 2005年127卷3期892-901页
Comparison of pulmonary outcomes after off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) vs on-pump coronary artery grafting with cardiopulmonary bypass (CABG/CPB).
689. Airway and systemic effects of hydrofluoroalkane formulations of high-dose ciclesonide and fluticasone in moderate persistent asthma.
作者: Daniel K C Lee.;Thomas C Fardon.;Caroline E Bates.;Kay Haggart.;Lesley C McFarlane.;Brian J Lipworth.
来源: Chest. 2005年127卷3期851-60页
There are no data comparing the relative effects of high-dose ciclesonide (CIC) and fluticasone propionate (FP) on airway and systemic outcomes in patients with moderate persistent asthma.
690. Detrimental effects of beta-blockers in COPD: a concern for nonselective beta-blockers.
作者: Hanneke J van der Woude.;Johan Zaagsma.;Dirkje S Postma.;Trea H Winter.;Marinus van Hulst.;René Aalbers.
来源: Chest. 2005年127卷3期818-24页
beta-Blockers are known to worsen FEV(1) and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in patients with asthma. Both characteristics determine the outcome of COPD, a disease with frequent cardiac comorbidity requiring beta-blocker treatment.
691. Improvement in exercise tolerance with the combination of tiotropium and pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with COPD.
作者: Richard Casaburi.;David Kukafka.;Christopher B Cooper.;Theodore J Witek.;Steven Kesten.
来源: Chest. 2005年127卷3期809-17页
Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) improves exercise tolerance in COPD patients. Tiotropium is a once-daily, inhaled anticholinergic bronchodilator that provides sustained 24-h improvements in airflow and lung hyperinflation reduction. We hypothesized that ventilatory mechanics improvements from tiotropium would permit enhanced ability to train muscles of ambulation and therefore augment exercise tolerance benefits of PR.
692. Nocturnal continuous positive airway pressure improves ventilatory efficiency during exercise in patients with chronic heart failure.
作者: Michael Arzt.;Martina Schulz.;Roland Wensel.;Sylvia Montalvàn.;Friedrich C Blumberg.;Günter A J Riegger.;Michael Pfeifer.
来源: Chest. 2005年127卷3期794-802页
Chronic heart failure is closely related to impaired cardiorespiratory reflex control, including decreased ventilatory efficiency during exercise (Ve/Vco(2)-slope) and central sleep apnea (CSA). Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and nocturnal oxygen therapy alleviate CSA. The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of nocturnal CPAP and oxygen therapy on Ve/Vco(2)-slope.
693. Influence of permanent right ventricular pacing on cardiorespiratory exercise parameters in chronic heart failure patients with implanted cardioverter defibrillators.
作者: Manfred Wonisch.;Peter Lercher.;Daniel Scherr.;Robert Maier.;Rochus Pokan.;Peter Hofmann.;Serge P von Duvillard.
来源: Chest. 2005年127卷3期787-93页
Patients with chronic heart failure and implanted cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) may have a higher incidence of new-onset or worsening heart failure requiring hospitalization with dual-chamber ICDs compared with single-chamber ICDs.
694. A cholesterol-rich diet accelerates bacteriologic sterilization in pulmonary tuberculosis.
作者: Carlos Pérez-Guzmán.;Mario H Vargas.;Francisco Quiñonez.;Norma Bazavilvazo.;Adriana Aguilar.
来源: Chest. 2005年127卷2期643-51页
Hypocholesterolemia is common among tuberculous patients and is associated with mortality in miliary cases. Some in vitro studies have shown that cholesterol is necessary for the good functioning of macrophages and lymphocytes.
695. The effects of a 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor on acute mountain sickness and urinary leukotriene e4 after ascent to high altitude.
Elevated urine and blood leukotriene levels have been reported after ascent to high altitude in association with acute mountain sickness (AMS) and high-altitude pulmonary edema. Zileuton is an inhibitor of the enzyme 5-lipoxygenase that catalyzes conversion of arachidonic acid to leukotrienes. Study objectives and design: The objectives of this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial were to determine whether zileuton (600 mg po qid) is effective prophylaxis for AMS, and to measure the effect of ascent to high altitude and zileuton on urinary leukotriene E(4) levels.
696. Bronchial constriction and inhaled colistin in cystic fibrosis.
作者: Ghassan A Alothman.;Bernard Ho.;Muslim M Alsaadi.;Sharon L Ho.;Lisa O'Drowsky.;Emily Louca.;Allan L Coates.
来源: Chest. 2005年127卷2期522-9页
Inhaled colistin is used for the treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients despite reports of chest tightness and bronchospasm. The main objective of the study was to assess whether bronchospasm occurred in pediatric CF patients with or without clinical evidence of airway hyperreactivity.
697. A pilot study of the effect of inhaled buffered reduced glutathione on the clinical status of patients with cystic fibrosis.
作者: Clark Bishop.;Valerie M Hudson.;Sterling C Hilton.;Cathleen Wilde.
来源: Chest. 2005年127卷1期308-17页
To assess the impact of inhaled, buffered reduced glutathione (GSH) on clinical indicators of cystic fibrosis (CF) pathophysiology.
698. Step-down compared to fixed-dose treatment with inhaled fluticasone propionate in asthma.
作者: Antonio Foresi.;Berardino Mastropasqua.;Alfredo Chetta.;Raffaele D'Ippolito.;Renato Testi.;Dario Olivieri.;Andrea Pelucchi.
来源: Chest. 2005年127卷1期117-24页
Inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) are an effective treatment of asthma even when administered at a low dose. Once asthma is controlled, current guidelines recommend that the dose of ICS be reduced to the lowest possible and effective dose. Although the most appropriate strategy for the stepping down has not yet been defined, quantification of sputum eosinophils and bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) are indeed measures of asthma control.
699. Transtracheal high-flow insufflation supports spontaneous respiration in chronic respiratory failure.
Transtracheal insufflation of oxygen-enriched air at a high flow rate has been proposed to support ventilation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the physiologic effects of high-flow insufflation unobtrusively with a respiratory inductive plethysmograph in patients with chronic respiratory failure. Using a respiratory inductive plethysmograph also permitted monitoring of end-expiratory lung volume, and respiratory variables could be quantified independently of the tracheal bias flow.
700. Thromboembolic and bleeding complications following St. Jude Medical valve replacement: results of the German Experience With Low-Intensity Anticoagulation Study.
作者: Detlef Hering.;Cornelia Piper.;Rito Bergemann.;Carina Hillenbach.;Manfred Dahm.;Christof Huth.;Dieter Horstkotte.
来源: Chest. 2005年127卷1期53-9页
Due to their inherent thrombogenicity, mechanical cardiac valves necessitate lifelong oral anticoagulation. Less intensive oral anticoagulation than recommended earlier might result in a lower incidence of bleeding complications without increasing the embolic hazard significantly.
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