Long-term real-world data on clinical remission in patients with severe eosinophilic asthma (SEA) receiving biologics are lacking. We describe clinical remission over 2 years in patients with SEA receiving benralizumab.

Studies have reported estimates of the economic and health burden of COPD. They have been limited largely to current-day estimates or relatively short-term future projections.

OSA is a prevalent chronic condition linked to obesity that is associated with increased risks of cardiovascular and kidney disease. Although weight loss can improve OSA outcomes, additional effective therapeutic options are needed. Tirzepatide, a dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, has shown promise in promoting significant weight loss and reducing OSA severity.

Coronary artery calcification (CAC) can be a significant incidental finding on low-dose computed tomography (CT) scans performed for lung cancer screening (LCS). CAC presence and grade hold important diagnostic, and preventive value, particularly in patients without previously recognized coronary artery disease. This scoping review describes the prevalence of CAC as an incidental finding on LCS CT scans across prior studies and identifies directions for future research.

The impact of obesity on pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) remains largely underexplored, with excess weight potentially masking symptoms and affecting the reliability of current risk stratification tools.

Echocardiographic metrics of right ventricular (RV) chamber size and function enhance prognostication, risk stratification, and measurement of therapeutic response in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). The most effective metrics remain unclear, however.

Among 1 billion patients worldwide with OSA, 90% remain undiagnosed. The main barrier to diagnosis is the overnight polysomnogram, which requires specialized equipment, skilled technicians, and inpatient beds available only in tertiary sleep centers. Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) have enabled OSA detection using breathing sound recordings.

Lung involvement occurs in > 95% of sarcoidosis cases. The World Association of Sarcoidosis and Other Granulomatous Disorders Organ Assessment Instrument does not assign the likelihood of lung involvement based on pulmonary function test (PFT) results. Clinical characteristics linked to normal and abnormal physiological pattern on PFTs in sarcoidosis are incompletely understood.

A 70-year-old woman who formerly used tobacco was referred for evaluation of a lung nodule incidentally discovered during hematologic follow-up. Her medical history was notable for a stage IV follicular lymphoma (G2/G3A stage IV, for pleural and perinephric involvement, FLIPI4) in September 2022, for which she received 6 courses of obinutuzumab plus bendamustine. After the second cycle of therapy, an increase in transaminases was detected; the subsequent diagnostic workup showed a positive real-time polymerase chain reaction blood test for human herpesvirus 6 DNA with more than 13,000 copies/mL. The human herpesvirus 6 infection was successfully treated with acyclovir, followed by normalization of liver enzymes. The treatment was then completed regularly, obtaining a complete metabolic response. One month after completing therapy, the patient developed systemic cytomegalovirus infection with associated pneumonia, requiring 3 weeks of hospitalization. Considering the severity of the infectious event, a further maintenance with obinutuzumab was excluded. Persistent cytomegalovirus-DNA levels necessitated valganciclovir. Sustained neutropenia partially improved with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor administration.

A 67-year-old man who currently smoked (45 pack-years) was referred to the emergency department for fever and exacerbation of cough over the last week. The current illness began 1 month earlier with nonproductive cough and exertional dyspnea. He did not report anorexia, hemoptysis, or weight loss. Outpatient treatment with cefditoren and moxifloxacin did not improve his symptoms. No remarkable medical history was reported. The patient was admitted for further evaluation.

A 57-year-old man presented to the hospital with a 6-year history of slowly progressive persistent cough, shortness of breath, and wheezing. He had been prescribed budesonide and oxygen therapy 2 months prior for presumable asthma, but his symptoms had not subsided. He had been intermittently using 2 L oxygen via nasal canula with exertional activities until the day of hospitalization. He first experienced similar symptoms 5 years prior, and a workup at that time showed multiple tiny pulmonary nodules. His history was notable for a remote 27-pack-year smoking history, quitting 10 years prior, and he was diagnosed with asthma 2 years before his presentation. His occupational history included 17 years working in Israel with polished granite, quartz, and artificial marble. He denied exposure to asbestos, beryllium, radon, or chemicals, aluminum, semiconductors, dental materials, cosmetic powders, or talc. The patient denied environmental exposures such as black mold, hot tubs, or birds. Preceding our assessment, the patient had undergone a chest CT scan 6 years prior, revealing profound chronic alterations in the pulmonary architecture alongside mediastinal adenopathy. Three of his previous chest CT scans found numerous nodules of varying sizes throughout both lung fields, which had remained relatively stable over the years.

Dysregulation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway rarely results in parenchymal lung disease, prototypically multifocal multinodular pneumocyte hyperplasia (MMPH) and lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM). Although LAM can occur sporadically, to our knowledge, MMPH has not previously been described independent of tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), a syndrome caused by germline mutations in the tumor suppressor genes TSC1 or TSC2. We report the case of a man with a history of multiple malignancies who presented with incidental chest imaging findings of innumerable ground-glass nodules and several air-filled cysts, offering a diagnostic challenge. Histopathologic findings on lung biopsy identified nodular foci of pneumocyte hyperplasia with negative Human Melanoma Black-45 staining. Next-generation DNA sequencing of the tissue showed a previously described gain-of-function mutation in MTOR. We propose that this patient's TSC-like pulmonary disease is a direct result of this mutation, a novel finding that underscores the role of Next-generation DNA sequencing in cryptic histopathology.

Ventilatory efficiency, a key parameter of cardiopulmonary function assessed through cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET), often demonstrates significant variability in transgender women because of the physiological changes induced by gender-affirming hormone therapy. Understanding these differences is essential for optimizing clinical management and enhancing health outcomes within this population.

Airway mucus plugs are frequently identified on CT scans of patients with COPD and are associated with worse airflow obstruction and higher mortality. However, the association between airway mucus plugs and the risk of acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD) has not been extensively studied.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and progressive pulmonary fibrosis (PPF) are chronic fibrosing interstitial lung diseases associated with irreversible loss of lung function and early mortality. Admilparant (BMS-986278) is an oral lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1 antagonist under development for treatment of IPF and PPF.

Whether the choice of ventilator mode affects outcomes for critically ill patients is unknown.

Individuals with COPD are at elevated risk of severe outcomes following COVID-19 infection.

Despite the widespread adoption of lung-protective ventilation strategies, mortality among patients receiving invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) remains high. Mechanical power (MP) integrates some variables responsible for ventilator-induced lung injury and has been associated with mortality in patients with ARDS. However, the impact of MP on ICU mortality in the larger group of patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (AHRF) has not been well established, and previous studies have reported inconsistent thresholds for predicting outcomes.

OSA pharmacologic interventions like the noradrenergic muscle stimulant atomoxetine have wake-promoting properties. Pimavanserin, a promising serotonin 2A receptor antagonist, may help to counteract atomoxetine's noradrenergic effects by increasing arousal threshold and possibly reducing OSA severity.

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are known to be associated with bronchiectasis (BE). However, data on patients IBD-related bronchiectasis (IBD-BE) are limited.