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41. Low-Dose Yellow Fever Vaccine in Adults in Africa.
作者: Derick Kimathi.;Aitana Juan-Giner.;Ndeye S Bob.;Benedict Orindi.;Maria L Namulwana.;Antoine Diatta.;Stanley Cheruiyot.;Gamou Fall.;Moussa Dia.;Mainga M Hamaluba.;Dan Nyehangane.;Henry K Karanja.;John N Gitonga.;Daisy Mugo.;Donwilliams O Omuoyo.;Mwatasa Hussein.;Elizaphan Oloo.;Naomi Kamau.;Jackline Wafula.;Josephine Bendera.;Namanya Silvester.;James Mwavita.;Musiimenta Joshua.;Jane Mwendwa.;Collins Agababyona.;Caroline Ngetsa.;Nalusaji Aisha.;Felix Moki.;Titus Buluku.;Marianne Munene.;Juliet Mwanga-Amumpaire.;Julius Lutwama.;John Kayiwa.;Eunice Kamaara.;Alan D Barrett.;Pontiano Kaleebu.;Philip Bejon.;Amadou A Sall.;Rebecca F Grais.;George M Warimwe.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2025年392卷8期788-797页
Yellow fever vaccine is highly effective with a single dose, but vaccine supply is limited. The minimum dose requirements for seroconversion remain unknown.
42. Efficacy and Safety of Obinutuzumab in Active Lupus Nephritis.
作者: Richard A Furie.;Brad H Rovin.;Jay P Garg.;Mittermayer B Santiago.;Gustavo Aroca-Martínez.;Adolfina Elizabeth Zuta Santillán.;Damaris Alvarez.;Cleyber Navarro Sandoval.;Alexander M Lila.;James A Tumlin.;Amit Saxena.;Fedra Irazoque Palazuelos.;Harini Raghu.;Bongin Yoo.;Imran Hassan.;Elsa Martins.;Himanshi Sehgal.;Petra Kirchner.;Jorge Ross Terres.;Theodore A Omachi.;Thomas Schindler.;William F Pendergraft.;Ana Malvar.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2025年392卷15期1471-1483页
Obinutuzumab, a humanized type II anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, provided significantly better renal responses than placebo in a phase 2 trial involving patients with lupus nephritis receiving standard therapy.
43. Endovascular Treatment of Stroke Due to Medium-Vessel Occlusion.
作者: Mayank Goyal.;Johanna M Ospel.;Aravind Ganesh.;Dar Dowlatshahi.;David Volders.;Markus A Möhlenbruch.;Mouhammad A Jumaa.;Shahid M Nimjee.;Thomas C Booth.;Brian H Buck.;James Kennedy.;Jai J Shankar.;Franziska Dorn.;Liqun Zhang.;Christian Hametner.;Sandor Nardai.;Atif Zafar.;William Diprose.;Shabnam Vatanpour.;Alexander Stebner.;Salome Bosshart.;Nishita Singh.;Ivy Sebastian.;Kazutaka Uchida.;Karla J Ryckborst.;Robert Fahed.;Sherry X Hu.;Dominik F Vollherbst.;Syed F Zaidi.;Vivien H Lee.;Jeremy Lynch.;Jeremy L Rempel.;Rachel Teal.;Anurag Trivedi.;Felix J Bode.;Ayokunle Ogungbemi.;Mirko Pham.;Peter Orosz.;Mohamad Abdalkader.;Christian Taschner.;Jason Tarpley.;Sven Poli.;Ravinder-Jeet Singh.;Reade De Leacy.;George Lopez.;Demetrios Sahlas.;Michael Chen.;Paul Burns.;Joanna D Schaafsma.;Richard Marigold.;Arno Reich.;Adewumi Amole.;Thalia S Field.;Richard H Swartz.;Fabio Settecase.;Gábor Lenzsér.;Santiago Ortega-Gutierrez.;Negar Asdaghi.;Kyriakos Lobotesis.;Adnan H Siddiqui.;Joerg Berrouschot.;Maxim Mokin.;Koji Ebersole.;Hauke Schneider.;Albert J Yoo.;Jennifer Mandzia.;Jesse Klostranec.;Changez Jadun.;Tufail Patankar.;Eric Sauvageau.;Robert Lenthall.;Lissa Peeling.;Thien Huynh.;Ronald Budzik.;Seon-Kyu Lee.;Levansri Makalanda.;Michael R Levitt.;Richard J Perry.;Thant Hlaing.;Babak S Jahromi.;Paul Singh.;Andrew M Demchuk.;Michael D Hill.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2025年392卷14期1385-1395页
Whether the large effect size of endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) for stroke due to large-vessel occlusion applies to stroke due to medium-vessel occlusion is unclear.
44. Efficacy of Zenocutuzumab in NRG1 Fusion-Positive Cancer.
作者: Alison M Schram.;Koichi Goto.;Dong-Wan Kim.;Teresa Macarulla.;Antoine Hollebecque.;Eileen M O'Reilly.;Sai-Hong Ignatius Ou.;Jordi Rodon.;Sun Young Rha.;Kazumi Nishino.;Michaël Duruisseaux.;Joon Oh Park.;Cindy Neuzillet.;Stephen V Liu.;Benjamin A Weinberg.;James M Cleary.;Emiliano Calvo.;Kumiko Umemoto.;Misako Nagasaka.;Christoph Springfeld.;Tanios Bekaii-Saab.;Grainne M O'Kane.;Frans Opdam.;Kim A Reiss.;Andrew K Joe.;Ernesto Wasserman.;Viktoriya Stalbovskaya.;Jim Ford.;Shola Adeyemi.;Lokesh Jain.;Shekeab Jauhari.;Alexander Drilon.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2025年392卷6期566-576页
Neuregulin 1 (NRG1) fusions are recurrent oncogenic drivers found in multiple solid tumors. NRG1 binds to human epidermal growth factor receptor 3 (HER3), leading to heterodimerization with HER2 and activation of downstream growth and proliferation pathways. The efficacy and safety of zenocutuzumab, a bispecific antibody against HER2 and HER3, in patients with NRG1 fusion-positive solid tumors are unclear.
45. Endovascular Treatment for Stroke Due to Occlusion of Medium or Distal Vessels.
作者: Marios Psychogios.;Alex Brehm.;Marc Ribo.;Federica Rizzo.;Daniel Strbian.;Silja Räty.;Juan F Arenillas.;Mario Martínez-Galdámez.;Steven D Hajdu.;Patrik Michel.;Jan Gralla.;Eike I Piechowiak.;Daniel P O Kaiser.;Volker Puetz.;Frans Van den Bergh.;Sylvie De Raedt.;Flavio Bellante.;Anne Dusart.;Victoria Hellstern.;Ali Khanafer.;Guillermo Parrilla.;Ana Morales.;Jan S Kirschke.;Silke Wunderlich.;Jens Fiehler.;Götz Thomalla.;Robin Lemmens.;Jo P Peluso.;Manuel Bolognese.;Alexander von Hessling.;Adriaan van Es.;Nyika D Kruyt.;Jonathan M Coutinho.;Carlos Castaño.;Jens Minnerup.;Wim van Zwam.;Elisabeth Dhondt.;Christian H Nolte.;Paolo Machi.;Christian Loehr.;Heinrich P Mattle.;Jan-Hendrik Buhk.;Johannes Kaesmacher.;Tomas Dobrocky.;Panagiotis Papanagiotou.;Angelika Alonso.;Markus Holtmannspoetter.;Andrea Zini.;Leonardo Renieri.;Fee Keil.;Ido van den Wijngaard.;Georg Kägi.;Mikel Terceño.;Martin Wiesmann.;Sergio Amaro.;Nikki Rommers.;Luzia Balmer.;Isabel Fragata.;Mira Katan.;Ronen R Leker.;Jeffrey L Saver.;Julie Staals.;Urs Fischer.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2025年392卷14期1374-1384页
Endovascular treatment (EVT) of stroke with large-vessel occlusion is known to be safe and effective. The effect of EVT for occlusion of medium or distal vessels is unclear.
46. Oral Regimens for Rifampin-Resistant, Fluoroquinolone-Susceptible Tuberculosis.
作者: Lorenzo Guglielmetti.;Uzma Khan.;Gustavo E Velásquez.;Maelenn Gouillou.;Amanzhan Abubakirov.;Elisabeth Baudin.;Elmira Berikova.;Catherine Berry.;Maryline Bonnet.;Matteo Cellamare.;Vijay Chavan.;Vivian Cox.;Zhanna Dakenova.;Bouke Catherine de Jong.;Gabriella Ferlazzo.;Aydarkhan Karabayev.;Ohanna Kirakosyan.;Nana Kiria.;Mikanda Kunda.;Nathalie Lachenal.;Leonid Lecca.;Helen McIlleron.;Ilaria Motta.;Sergio Mucching Toscano.;Hebah Mushtaque.;Payam Nahid.;Lawrence Oyewusi.;Samiran Panda.;Sandip Patil.;Patrick P J Phillips.;Jimena Ruiz.;Naseem Salahuddin.;Epifanio Sanchez Garavito.;Kwonjune J Seung.;Eduardo Ticona.;Lorenzo Trippa.;Dante E Vargas Vasquez.;Sean Wasserman.;Michael L Rich.;Francis Varaine.;Carole D Mitnick.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2025年392卷5期468-482页
For decades, poor treatment options and low-quality evidence plagued care for patients with rifampin-resistant tuberculosis. The advent of new drugs to treat tuberculosis and enhanced funding now permit randomized, controlled trials of shortened-duration, all-oral treatments for rifampin-resistant tuberculosis.
47. Abelacimab versus Rivaroxaban in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation.
作者: Christian T Ruff.;Siddharth M Patel.;Robert P Giugliano.;David A Morrow.;Bruce Hug.;Julia F Kuder.;Erica L Goodrich.;Shih-Ann Chen.;Shaun G Goodman.;Boyoung Joung.;Robert G Kiss.;Jindrich Spinar.;Wojciech Wojakowski.;Jeffrey I Weitz.;Sabina A Murphy.;Stephen D Wiviott.;Sanobar Parkar.;Daniel Bloomfield.;Marc S Sabatine.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2025年392卷4期361-371页
Abelacimab is a fully human monoclonal antibody that binds to the inactive form of factor XI and blocks its activation. The safety of abelacimab as compared with a direct oral anticoagulant in patients with atrial fibrillation is unknown.
48. Perioperative Chemotherapy or Preoperative Chemoradiotherapy in Esophageal Cancer.
作者: Jens Hoeppner.;Thomas Brunner.;Claudia Schmoor.;Peter Bronsert.;Birte Kulemann.;Rainer Claus.;Stefan Utzolino.;Jakob Robert Izbicki.;Ines Gockel.;Berthold Gerdes.;Michael Ghadimi.;Benedikt Reichert.;Johan F Lock.;Christiane Bruns.;Ernst Reitsamer.;Maximillian Schmeding.;Frank Benedix.;Tobias Keck.;Gunnar Folprecht.;Peter Thuss-Patience.;Ulf Peter Neumann.;Andreas Pascher.;Detlef Imhof.;Severin Daum.;Tanja Strieder.;Christian Krautz.;Simone Zimmermann.;Jens Werner.;Rolf Mahlberg.;Gerald Illerhaus.;Peter Grimminger.;Florian Lordick.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2025年392卷4期323-335页
The best multimodal approach for resectable locally advanced esophageal adenocarcinoma is unclear. An important question is whether perioperative chemotherapy is preferable to preoperative chemoradiotherapy.
49. Survival with Trastuzumab Emtansine in Residual HER2-Positive Breast Cancer.
作者: Charles E Geyer.;Michael Untch.;Chiun-Sheng Huang.;Max S Mano.;Eleftherios P Mamounas.;Norman Wolmark.;Priya Rastogi.;Andreas Schneeweiss.;Andres Redondo.;Hans H Fischer.;Véronique D'Hondt.;Alison K Conlin.;Valentina Guarneri.;Irene L Wapnir.;Christian Jackisch.;Claudia Arce-Salinas.;Peter A Fasching.;Michael P DiGiovanna.;John P Crown.;Pia Wuelfing.;Zhimin Shao.;Elena Rota Caremoli.;Hervé R Bonnefoi.;Bryan T Hennessy.;Ljiljana Stamatovic.;Hugo Castro-Salguero.;Adam M Brufsky.;Adam Knott.;Asna Siddiqui.;Chiara Lambertini.;Thomas Boulet.;Beatrice Nyawira.;Eleonora Restuccia.;Sibylle Loibl.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2025年392卷3期249-257页
Patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive early breast cancer with residual invasive disease after neoadjuvant systemic therapy have a high risk of recurrence and death. The primary analysis of KATHERINE, a phase 3, open-label trial, showed that the risk of invasive breast cancer or death was 50% lower with adjuvant trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) than with trastuzumab alone.
50. Fracture Prevention with Infrequent Zoledronate in Women 50 to 60 Years of Age.
作者: Mark J Bolland.;Zaynah Nisa.;Anna Mellar.;Chiara Gasteiger.;Veronica Pinel.;Borislav Mihov.;Sonja Bastin.;Andrew Grey.;Ian R Reid.;Greg Gamble.;Anne Horne.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2025年392卷3期239-248页
Zoledronate prevents fractures in older women when administered every 12 to 18 months, but its effects on bone density and bone turnover persist beyond 5 years. Whether infrequent zoledronate administration would prevent vertebral fractures in early postmenopausal women is unknown.
51. A Comparison of Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter Materials.
作者: Amanda J Ullman.;Deanne August.;Tricia M Kleidon.;Rachel M Walker.;Nicole Marsh.;Andrew C Bulmer.;Ben Pearch.;Naomi Runnegar.;Joanne Leema.;Paul Lee-Archer.;Cathy Biles.;Victoria Gibson.;Ruth Royle.;Katrina Southam.;Joshua Byrnes.;Vineet Chopra.;Alan Coulthard.;Peter Mollee.;Claire M Rickard.;Patrick N A Harris.;Robert S Ware.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2025年392卷2期161-172页
New catheter materials for peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) may reduce the risk of device failure due to infectious, thrombotic, and catheter occlusion events. However, data from randomized trials comparing these catheters are lacking.
52. Talquetamab plus Teclistamab in Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma.
作者: Yael C Cohen.;Hila Magen.;Moshe Gatt.;Michael Sebag.;Kihyun Kim.;Chang-Ki Min.;Enrique M Ocio.;Sung-Soo Yoon.;Michael P Chu.;Paula Rodríguez-Otero.;Irit Avivi.;Natalia A Quijano Cardé.;Ashwini Kumar.;Maria Krevvata.;Michelle R Peterson.;Lilla Di Scala.;Emma Scott.;Brandi Hilder.;Jill Vanak.;Arnob Banerjee.;Albert Oriol.;Daniel Morillo.;María-Victoria Mateos.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2025年392卷2期138-149页
Talquetamab (anti-G protein-coupled receptor family C group 5 member D) and teclistamab (anti-B-cell maturation antigen) are bispecific antibodies that activate T cells by targeting CD3 and that have been approved for the treatment of triple-class-exposed relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma.
53. Xalnesiran with or without an Immunomodulator in Chronic Hepatitis B.
作者: Jinlin Hou.;Wenhong Zhang.;Qing Xie.;Rui Hua.;Hong Tang.;Luis Enrique Morano Amado.;Sheng-Shun Yang.;Cheng-Yuan Peng.;Wei-Wen Su.;Wan-Long Chuang.;Dong Joon Kim.;Anchalee Avihingsanon.;Jia-Horng Kao.;Apinya Leerapun.;Man-Fung Yuen.;Tarik Asselah.;Xieer Liang.;Qingyan Bo.;Filippo Canducci.;Maria Teresa Catanese.;Ethan Chen.;Cong Cheng.;Farouk Chughlay.;Sudip Das.;Katerina Glavini.;Nelson Guerreiro.;Yan Huang.;Priyanka Kakrana.;Rémi Kazma.;Avinash Patil.;Vedran Pavlovic.;Bernadette Surujbally.;Miriam Triyatni.;Ruchi Upmanyu.;Cynthia Wat.;Edward Gane.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2024年391卷22期2098-2109页
Xalnesiran, a small interfering RNA molecule that targets a conserved region of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) genome and silences multiple HBV transcripts, may have efficacy, with or without an immunomodulator, in patients with chronic HBV infection.
54. Levofloxacin Preventive Treatment in Children Exposed to MDR Tuberculosis.
作者: Anneke C Hesseling.;Susan E Purchase.;Neil A Martinson.;Lee Fairlie.;H Simon Schaaf.;Joanna Brigden.;Suzanne Staples.;Diana M Gibb.;Anthony Garcia-Prats.;Francesca Conradie.;Charlotte McGowan.;Charlotte Layton.;Elize Batist.;Anne-Marie Demers.;Samukelisiwe Nyamathe.;Lisa Frigati.;Rebecca Turner.;Trinh Duong.;James A Seddon.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2024年391卷24期2315-2326页
Worldwide, approximately 2 million children younger than 15 years of age are infected with multidrug-resistant (MDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis, with MDR tuberculosis developing in approximately 30,000 annually. Evidence from randomized, controlled trials on tuberculosis preventive treatment in persons exposed to MDR tuberculosis is lacking.
55. Levofloxacin for the Prevention of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Vietnam.
作者: Greg J Fox.;Nguyen Viet Nhung.;Nguyen Cam Binh.;Nguyen Binh Hoa.;Frances L Garden.;Andrea Benedetti.;Pham Ngoc Yen.;Nguyen Kim Cuong.;Emily L MacLean.;H Manisha Yapa.;David W Dowdy.;Nguyen Huu Lan.;Elyse Guevara-Rattray.;Pham Duc Cuong.;Ori Solomon.;Marcel A Behr.;Ben J Marais.;Steven M Graham.;Dick Menzies.;Nguyen Thu Anh.;Guy B Marks.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2024年391卷24期2304-2314页
Prevention of drug-resistant tuberculosis is a global health priority. However, trials evaluating the effectiveness of treating Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection among contacts of persons with drug-resistant tuberculosis are lacking.
56. Bedaquiline Monotherapy for Multibacillary Leprosy.
作者: Jaison Barreto.;Patricia Sammarco Rosa.;Linda Adams.;Zuleima Aguilar.;Nyasha Bakare.;Sandra R Chaplan.;Ruxandra Draghia Akli.;Etienne Ernault.;Sarah Kulke.;Nacer Lounis.;Dawn Millington.;James A Palmer.;Bart Remmerie.;Miao Wang.;Stephanie Young.;Richard Truman.;Paula Frassinetti Bessa Rebello.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2024年391卷23期2212-2218页
Standard multidrug therapy for leprosy may be associated with severe side effects, which add to the stigma and discrimination that affect persons with the disease. In addition, the threat posed by drug-resistant leprosy shows the need for alternative drug combinations and shorter, safer regimens of multidrug therapy.
57. Axillary Surgery in Breast Cancer - Primary Results of the INSEMA Trial.
作者: Toralf Reimer.;Angrit Stachs.;Kristina Veselinovic.;Thorsten Kühn.;Jörg Heil.;Silke Polata.;Frederik Marmé.;Thomas Müller.;Guido Hildebrandt.;David Krug.;Beyhan Ataseven.;Roland Reitsamer.;Sylvia Ruth.;Carsten Denkert.;Inga Bekes.;Dirk-Michael Zahm.;Marc Thill.;Michael Golatta.;Johannes Holtschmidt.;Michael Knauer.;Valentina Nekljudova.;Sibylle Loibl.;Bernd Gerber.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2025年392卷11期1051-1064页
Whether surgical axillary staging as part of breast-conserving therapy can be omitted without compromising survival has remained unclear.
58. Imlunestrant with or without Abemaciclib in Advanced Breast Cancer.
作者: Komal L Jhaveri.;Patrick Neven.;Monica Lis Casalnuovo.;Sung-Bae Kim.;Eriko Tokunaga.;Philippe Aftimos.;Cristina Saura.;Joyce O'Shaughnessy.;Nadia Harbeck.;Lisa A Carey.;Giuseppe Curigliano.;Antonio Llombart-Cussac.;Elgene Lim.;María de la Luz García Tinoco.;Joohyuk Sohn.;André Mattar.;Qingyuan Zhang.;Chiun-Sheng Huang.;Chih-Chiang Hung.;Jorge Luis Martinez Rodriguez.;Manuel Ruíz Borrego.;Rikiya Nakamura.;Kamnesh R Pradhan.;Christoph Cramer von Laue.;Emily Barrett.;Shanshan Cao.;Xuejing Aimee Wang.;Lillian M Smyth.;François-Clément Bidard.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2025年392卷12期1189-1202页
Imlunestrant is a next-generation, brain-penetrant, oral selective estrogen-receptor (ER) degrader that delivers continuous ER inhibition, even in cancers with mutations in the gene encoding ERα (ESR1).
59. Lentiviral Gene Therapy with CD34+ Hematopoietic Cells for Hemophilia A.
作者: Alok Srivastava.;Aby Abraham.;Fouzia Aboobacker.;Gurbind Singh.;Tulasi Geevar.;Uday Kulkarni.;Sushil Selvarajan.;Anu Korula.;Rutvi Gautam Dave.;Mohana Shankar.;Abraham S Singh.;Anbu Jeba.;Navien Kumaar.;Christopher Benjamin.;Kavitha M Lakshmi.;Vivi Miriam Srivastava.;Ramachandran V Shaji.;Sukesh C Nair.;Harrison C Brown.;Gabriela Denning.;Pete Lollar.;Christopher B Doering.;Trent Spencer.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2025年392卷5期450-457页
Severe hemophilia A is managed with factor VIII replacement or hemostatic products that stop or prevent bleeding. Data on gene therapy with hematopoietic stem-cell (HSC)-based expression of factor VIII for the treatment of severe hemophilia A are lacking.
60. Liberal or Restrictive Transfusion Strategy in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.
作者: Shane W English.;Anthony Delaney.;Dean A Fergusson.;Michaël Chassé.;Alexis F Turgeon.;François Lauzier.;Angie Tuttle.;Ofer Sadan.;Donald E Griesdale.;Gary Redekop.;Martin Chapman.;Mathew Hannouche.;Andreas Kramer.;Ian Seppelt.;Andrew Udy.;Demetrios J Kutsogiannis.;Ryan Zarychanski.;Frédérick D'Aragon.;J Gordon Boyd.;Gavin Salt.;Judith Bellapart.;Gordon Wood.;Luis Cava.;Gwynedd Pickett.;Lauren Koffman.;Irene Watpool.;Frances Bass.;Naomi Hammond.;Tim Ramsay.;Ranjeeta Mallick.;Damon C Scales.;Christopher R Andersen.;Emily Fitzgerald.;Phil Talbot.;Dar Dowlatshahi.;John Sinclair.;Jason Acker.;Shawn C Marshall.;Lauralyn McIntyre.; .; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2025年392卷11期1079-1088页
The effect of a liberal red-cell transfusion strategy as compared with a restrictive strategy in patients during the critical care period after an aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage is unclear.
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