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共有 7748 条符合本次的查询结果, 用时 3.9927987 秒

4981. Double-blind trial of herbal slimming pill.

作者: C Geissler.;T Horton.
来源: Lancet. 1986年2卷8504期461页

4982. Placental drainage and fetomaternal transfusion.

作者: D Moncrieff.;J Parker-Williams.;G Chamberlain.
来源: Lancet. 1986年2卷8504期453页

4983. Levodopa in restless legs.

作者: C von Scheele.
来源: Lancet. 1986年2卷8504期426-7页
The effectiveness of levodopa in the treatment of restless legs was assessed in a double-blind trial. 20 patients were given levodopa and lactose on alternate days. Treatment was continued until patients stated a preference for one of the treatments or were unable to discriminate between the two. 17 patients preferred levodopa, none lactose, and 3 were unable to discriminate. The 17 patients who responded to levodopa reported complete relief.

4984. Mechanism of action of adjuvant chemotherapy in early breast cancer.

作者: N Padmanabhan.;A Howell.;R D Rubens.
来源: Lancet. 1986年2卷8504期411-4页
The relation between tumour oestrogen and progesterone receptor status, menstrual status, relapse-free survival, and overall survival was analysed in 411 patients with early breast cancer randomised to receive either postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil (CMF) or no additional treatment (control). Prolongation of time to recurrence and survival was seen predominantly in premenopausal patients; these effects were seen only with tumours positive for steroid receptors, particularly progesterone. Chemotherapy led to permanent amenorrhoea in 61% of premenopausal patients. The therapeutic effects of chemotherapy were seen only when CMF induced permanent amenorrhoea in premenopausal patients. These findings support the hypothesis that the effect of adjuvant chemotherapy in early breast cancer may be mediated by ovarian suppression.

4985. Beta-blockade and prevention of ventricular fibrillation after myocardial infarction.

作者: R M Norris.
来源: Lancet. 1986年2卷8503期396-7页

4986. Synvinolin in hypercholesterolaemia.

作者: A G Olsson.;J Mölgaard.;H von Schenk.
来源: Lancet. 1986年2卷8503期390-1页

4987. Relative importance of antibiotic and improved clearance in topical treatment of chronic mucopurulent rhinosinusitis. A controlled study.

作者: D A Sykes.;R Wilson.;K L Chan.;I S Mackay.;P J Cole.
来源: Lancet. 1986年2卷8503期359-60页
50 patients with chronic mucopurulent rhinosinusitis were randomly allocated to treatment with nasal sprays of dexamethasone, tramazoline, and neomycin, dexamethasone and tramazoline with no antibiotic, or matched placebo (propellant alone) four times daily to both nostrils for 2 weeks. The patients were assessed in a double-blind manner for symptomatic response and improvement in nasal mucociliary clearance, nasal airway resistance, sinus radiographs, and intranasal bacteriology and appearance. Both active preparations (with antibiotic 14 of 20 patients responded; without antibiotic 12 of 20 patients responded) were more effective than the placebo (2 of 10 patients responded). There was no significant difference in response between the active preparations with and without antibiotic. Thus, in treatment of chronic mucopurulent rhinosinusitis, reduction of the inflammatory response and decongestion make topical antibiotic unnecessary, probably by allowing host clearance mechanisms to recover.

4988. Night-time rioprostil versus ranitidine in duodenal ulcer healing.

作者: H G Dammann.;T A Walter.;P Müller.;B Simon.
来源: Lancet. 1986年2卷8502期335-6页

4989. Urinary tract infection after bladder irrigation with povidone-iodine in vaginal surgery.

作者: S Anderman.;O E Jaschevatzky.;A Ellenbogen.;S Grunstein.
来源: Lancet. 1986年2卷8501期294页

4990. Transabdominal versus transcervical routes for chorionic villus sampling.

作者: L Bovicelli.;N Rizzo.;V Montacuti.;R Morandi.
来源: Lancet. 1986年2卷8501期290页

4991. Double-blind study of botulinum toxin in spasmodic torticollis.

作者: J K Tsui.;A Eisen.;A J Stoessl.;S Calne.;D B Calne.
来源: Lancet. 1986年2卷8501期245-7页
In a double-blind trial in 21 patients with spasmodic torticollis botulinum-A toxin produced both subjective and objective improvement, including significant pain relief in 14 of the 16 patients presenting with pain. Side-effects were more frequently reported during placebo administration and no significant systemic adverse reactions were noted.

4992. Variant responses to passive upright tilt.

作者: C de Mey.;D Enterling.
来源: Lancet. 1986年2卷8500期221页

4993. Effects of inhaled platelet activating factor on pulmonary function and bronchial responsiveness in man.

作者: F M Cuss.;C M Dixon.;P J Barnes.
来源: Lancet. 1986年2卷8500期189-92页
Platelet activating factor (PAF), a phospholipid inflammatory mediator, was given as an aerosol to eight normal subjects. PAF caused a dose-dependent bronchoconstriction in all subjects. This did not correlate well with responsiveness to methacholine. Some subjects showed tachyphylaxis to PAF-induced bronchoconstriction. No subject had a late bronchoconstriction response. Transient facial flushing and an increase in heart rate (mean 7 beats/min) occurred but there was no consistent change in blood pressure. Lyso-PAF, the inactive precursor and major metabolite of PAF, had no effect on pulmonary or cardiovascular responses. Six of the subjects took part in a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, crossover study in which bronchial responsiveness to methacholine was measured over the 3 days after administration of PAF or lyso-PAF. PAF had a greater effect in raising responsiveness (p less than 0.01). Its maximum effect occurred at 3 days and returned to baseline in 1 to 4 weeks. PAF may contribute to the pathogenesis of bronchial hyperresponsiveness, which is the most characteristic abnormality in asthma.

4994. Growth hormone release in man induced by galanin, a new hypothalamic peptide.

作者: F E Bauer.;L Ginsberg.;M Venetikou.;D J MacKay.;J M Burrin.;S R Bloom.
来源: Lancet. 1986年2卷8500期192-5页
Galanin, a 29-aminoacid neuropeptide, was infused for 60 min into healthy volunteers at 7.8 pmol/kg/min (n = 4) or 33.2 pmol/kg/min (n = 6). During the infusion there was no change in heart rate or blood pressure and the only symptoms were a transitory bitter taste and slight hypersalivation. Plasma growth hormone levels rose during the high-dose galanin infusion from 2.8 +/- 0.8 mU/l to a mean peak of 48.5 +/- 19.8 mU/l; prolactin levels rose from 176 +/- 33 mU/l to 274 +/- 33 mU/l. A significant rise in growth hormone also occurred with the low-dose infusion (2.5 +/- 1.1 mU/l to a mean peak of 23.5 +/- 6.6 mU/l). There was no change in cortisol, thyroid-stimulating hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, or luteinising hormone at either dose. 20 min after the start of the infusion a 25 g glucose bolus was given intravenously. Galanin reduced glucose clearance without significantly affecting plasma insulin concentrations. Pancreatic polypeptide levels were suppressed by the galanin infusion but levels of glucagon and gastric inhibitory peptide were unchanged.

4995. Low-tar cigarettes put to the test.

作者: W W Holland.;J R Colley.;F North.
来源: Lancet. 1986年2卷8499期156页

4996. Rates of venous thrombosis after general surgery: combined results of randomised clinical trials.

作者: G A Colditz.;R L Tuden.;G Oster.
来源: Lancet. 1986年2卷8499期143-6页
Despite evidence that prophylaxis against deep-vein thrombosis (DVT) is effective, a large proportion of general surgical patients receive no prophylaxis. To determine the extent to which various prophylactic methods reduce the incidence of postoperative DVT, data from randomised controlled trials of these methods were combined by means of meta-analysis. The rates of DVT diagnosed by the fibrinogen uptake test were: control/no therapy 27.0% (95% confidence limits 21.9%, 32.1%); heparin 9.6% (7.2%, 11.9%); gradient compression stockings 11.1% (5.3%, 16.8%); intermittent pneumatic compression 17.6% (6.1%, 29.1%); heparin plus stockings 6.3% (0%, 17.6%); heparin plus dihydroergotamine 9.9% (6.2%, 13.6%); and stockings plus intermittent pneumatic compression 4.5% (1.1%, 8.0%). These results confirm the value of prophylaxis to reduce the incidence of DVT and suggest that combined treatments may be most effective.

4997. Cyclosporin for diabetes?

来源: Lancet. 1986年2卷8499期140页

4998. Field trial of oral cholera vaccines in Bangladesh.

作者: J D Clemens.;D A Sack.;J R Harris.;J Chakraborty.;M R Khan.;B F Stanton.;B A Kay.;M U Khan.;M Yunus.;W Atkinson.
来源: Lancet. 1986年2卷8499期124-7页
The protective efficacy of oral B subunit killed whole-cell (BS-WC) and killed whole-cell (WC) cholera vaccines was assessed in 63 498 Bangladeshi children aged 2-15 years and women aged over 15 years. Each received three doses of BS-WC, WC, or placebo in a randomised, double-blinded fashion. Surveillance for cases seeking medical care up to six months after the third dose revealed 26 cases of confirmed cholera in the placebo group, 4 cases in the BS-WC group (protective efficacy 85%; p less than 0.0001), and 11 cases in the WC group (protective efficacy 58%; p less than 0.01). For each vaccine protective efficacy was consistent in different age-groups (2-10 years versus greater than 10 years) and for different severities of cholera.

4999. Cyclosporin increases the rate and length of remissions in insulin-dependent diabetes of recent onset. Results of a multicentre double-blind trial.

作者: G Feutren.;L Papoz.;R Assan.;B Vialettes.;G Karsenty.;P Vexiau.;H Du Rostu.;M Rodier.;J Sirmai.;A Lallemand.
来源: Lancet. 1986年2卷8499期119-24页
In a double-blind trial 122 patients aged 15-40 years with insulin-dependent diabetes of recent onset were randomly assigned to cyclosporin 7.5 mg/kg per day or placebo. At the sixth month 25.4% of the cyclosporin group and 18.6% of the placebo group were in complete remission (not a significant difference). Treatment was continued in those patients with complete or partial remission (insulin requirement less than 0.25 U/kg per day) and 106 patients were followed to nine months, at which stage 24.1% of the original cyclosporin group and 5.8% of the original placebo group were in complete remission (p less than 0.01). For those patients whose whole-blood trough cyclosporin levels in the first three months averaged 300 ng/ml or more, the rates of complete remission at six and nine months were 37.5% and 37%. The rates of partial remission were also higher in the cyclosporin group and at six months the rate of complete or partial remission was 46% in the whole cyclosporin group and 65.6% in those with an average blood level exceeding 300 ng/ml in the first three months, versus 28.8% in the placebo group. The principal side-effect of cyclosporin was a modest and reversible increase in plasma creatinine. These results indicate that cyclosporin promotes the remission of type I diabetes and suggest the need for new controlled protocols aimed at evaluating the length of the effect and selecting the best drug regimen.

5000. Intravenous beta-blockade during acute myocardial infarction.

来源: Lancet. 1986年2卷8498期79-80页
共有 7748 条符合本次的查询结果, 用时 3.9927987 秒