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4621. Twelve-year comparison of a Bjork-Shiley mechanical heart valve with porcine bioprostheses.
Patients undergoing heart-valve replacement may receive a mechanical prosthesis, necessitating lifelong anticoagulant treatment, or a porcine bioprosthesis, which involves no absolute need for anticoagulants.
4622. Treatment of gram-negative bacteremia and septic shock with HA-1A human monoclonal antibody against endotoxin. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. The HA-1A Sepsis Study Group.
作者: E J Ziegler.;C J Fisher.;C L Sprung.;R C Straube.;J C Sadoff.;G E Foulke.;C H Wortel.;M P Fink.;R P Dellinger.;N N Teng.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1991年324卷7期429-36页
HA-1A is a human monoclonal IgM antibody that binds specifically to the lipid A domain of endotoxin and prevents death in laboratory animals with gram-negative bacteremia and endotoxemia.
4623. Aluminum accumulation during treatment with aluminum hydroxide and dialysis in children and young adults with chronic renal disease.
The control of hyperphosphatemia is a major clinical problem in patients with chronic renal failure receiving regular dialysis treatment. Despite continuing concern about aluminum toxicity, aluminum-containing antacids are still used in many of these patients as phosphate-binding agents. Although maximal acceptable doses of aluminum hydroxide have been recommended, the safety and efficacy of these guidelines have not been evaluated.
4624. Rice-based oral electrolyte solutions for the management of infantile diarrhea.
In infants the treatment of acute diarrhea with glucose-based solutions results in rehydration but does not reduce the severity of diarrhea. Oral rehydration with solutions based on rice powder may reduce stool output as well as restore fluid volume.
4625. A controlled trial of interferon gamma to prevent infection in chronic granulomatous disease.
Chronic granulomatous disease is an uncommon inherited disorder of phagocytes in which defective production of the reactive intermediates of oxygen predisposes patients to recurrent and severe pyogenic infections. Evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies indicates that interferon gamma can partially correct the metabolic defect in phagocytes. We assessed the efficacy of interferon gamma in decreasing the frequency of serious infections in patients with this disease.
4627. A controlled trial comparing vidarabine with acyclovir in neonatal herpes simplex virus infection. Infectious Diseases Collaborative Antiviral Study Group.
作者: R Whitley.;A Arvin.;C Prober.;S Burchett.;L Corey.;D Powell.;S Plotkin.;S Starr.;C Alford.;J Connor.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1991年324卷7期444-9页
Despite the use of vidarabine, herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection in neonates continues to be a disease of high morbidity and mortality. We undertook a controlled trial comparing vidarabine with acyclovir for the treatment of neonatal HSV infection.
4630. Cyclosporine for plaque-type psoriasis. Results of a multidose, double-blind trial.
作者: C N Ellis.;M S Fradin.;J M Messana.;M D Brown.;M T Siegel.;A H Hartley.;L L Rocher.;S Wheeler.;T A Hamilton.;T G Parish.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1991年324卷5期277-84页
Severe plaque-type psoriasis has been successfully treated with orally administered cyclosporine, but there has been no comparative, controlled evaluation of various dosages and their efficacy and side effects.
4633. A randomized study of the effect of withdrawing hydroxychloroquine sulfate in systemic lupus erythematosus.
The antimalarial drug hydroxychloroquine is thought to be effective in controlling some of the manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus, but its effectiveness has not been demonstrated conclusively.
4634. Dideoxyinosine in children with symptomatic human immunodeficiency virus infection.
作者: K M Butler.;R N Husson.;F M Balis.;P Brouwers.;J Eddy.;D el-Amin.;J Gress.;M Hawkins.;P Jarosinski.;H Moss.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1991年324卷3期137-44页
2',3'-Dideoxyinosine (ddl) is a dideoxynucleoside with potent activity in vitro against the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In initial clinical trials in adults, ddl showed evidence of antiretroviral activity with little hematologic toxicity.
4635. Effect of restricting dietary protein on the progression of renal failure in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Restriction of dietary protein may slow the progression of renal failure in diverse renal diseases, but the extent to which such a diet is beneficial in patients with diabetic nephropathy is uncertain.
4637. Angiographic follow-up after placement of a self-expanding coronary-artery stent.
作者: P W Serruys.;B H Strauss.;K J Beatt.;M E Bertrand.;J Puel.;A F Rickards.;B Meier.;J J Goy.;P Vogt.;L Kappenberger.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1991年324卷1期13-7页
The placement of stents in coronary arteries after coronary angioplasty has been investigated as a way of treating abrupt coronary-artery occlusion related to the angioplasty and of reducing the late intimal hyperplasia responsible for gradual restenosis of the dilated lesion.
4638. Human recombinant DNA-derived antihemophilic factor (factor VIII) in the treatment of hemophilia A. recombinant Factor VIII Study Group.
作者: R S Schwartz.;C F Abildgaard.;L M Aledort.;S Arkin.;A L Bloom.;H H Brackmann.;D B Brettler.;H Fukui.;M W Hilgartner.;M J Inwood.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1990年323卷26期1800-5页
Current treatment of hemophilia A, a hereditary disorder affecting approximately 1 in 10,000 males, relies on plasma-derived factor VIII concentrates. We tested the safety and efficacy of a recombinant factor VIII preparation for the treatment of this disorder.
4640. The effects of a 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor on asthma induced by cold, dry air.
作者: E Israel.;R Dermarkarian.;M Rosenberg.;R Sperling.;G Taylor.;P Rubin.;J M Drazen.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1990年323卷25期1740-4页
The enzyme 5-lipoxygenase catalyzes the metabolism of arachidonic acid to form products that have been implicated in the airway obstruction of asthma. We hypothesized that if products of the 5-lipoxygenase pathway are important in mediating this obstruction, then prevention of their formation should decrease the severity of an induced asthmatic response.
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