This article aims to investigate the role of Helicobacter Pylori (HP) CagA+ strains affected colorectal lesion via gut microbiota.

Gallstone disease is a common and complex condition, strongly associated with abnormal cholesterol metabolism, changes in bile composition, and impaired gallbladder motility. Recent studies have suggested that the gut microbiota, particularly probiotics like lactic acid bacteria, may play a significant role in the prevention and treatment of cholesterol gallstones. This study aims to optimize the cholesterol gallstone model in C57BL/6 mice and evaluate the effects of Lactobacillus intervention on gallstone formation induced by a high-fat diet. In this study, 8-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four groups: a high-fat diet + saline group (HF-S), a high-fat diet + probiotic group (HF-P), a normal diet + saline group (ND-S), and a normal diet + probiotic group (ND-P), to assess the effect of probiotics on gallstone formation. The results showed significant differences among the four groups in body weight gain, liver weight, gallstone formation, and histopathology. Based on these preliminary findings, we added two more experimental groups: a 2-week probiotic pretreatment + high-fat diet group (Pre2w-HF) and a 4-week probiotic pretreatment + high-fat diet group (Pre4w-HF), to further investigate the dose-dependence and efficacy of probiotic pretreatment. The results indicated that probiotic intervention significantly reduced the incidence and severity of gallstones induced by a high-fat diet, with the pretreatment groups showing more pronounced effects. Histological analysis also revealed that probiotic intervention reduced inflammation and pathological changes in the liver and gallbladder. This study suggests that probiotics have potential therapeutic value in the prevention and treatment of cholesterol gallstones. Future research should explore the effects of different strains and doses, as well as the underlying mechanisms involved.

In cases of malignant colonic obstruction (MCO), self-expandable metallic stents (SEMS) are used as a bridge to surgery, offering an alternative to emergency surgery. However, the long-term oncologic outcomes remain debated, particularly in developing countries where the cost of SEMS is a concern. This study aimed to evaluate overall survival (OS) and outcomes associated with SEMS as a bridge to surgery (SBTS) compared to direct emergency surgery (ES) in patients with acute MCO.

The collagen-rich tumor stroma plays a crucial role in biliary tract cancer (BTC). Collagen biomarkers of type I collagen (reC1M), type III collagen (PRO-C3), type IV collagen (C4G), type VIII collagen (PRO-C8), type XI collagen (PRO-C11), type XVII collagen (PRO-C17) and type VIII collagen (TUM) may be used as potential non-invasive biomarkers.

BACKGROUNDSː: Dietary phytochemical index (DPI) is an inexpensive method for estimating the amounts of phytochemicals in foods. No study has investigated the association between DPI and gallstones disease (GSD). Therefore, we conducted a case-control study in adults to assess the relationship between DPI and the risk of gallstones.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a type of inflammatory bowel disease, and current treatments often fall short, necessitating new therapeutic options. Baicalin shows therapeutic promise in UC animal models, but a systematic review is needed.

The eradication of the Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) reduce the risk of liver cancer (LC), but lifestyle changes after cure may counterbalance its benefit. Our study investigates lifestyle changes that occur in HCV patients with Sustained Virological Response (SVR) after direct-acting antiviral (DAA) treatment.

Differentiation between ulcerative colitis (UC) and other intestinal inflammatory diseases is difficult, and the precise etiology of UC is poorly understood. Thus, there is a need for novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for UC.

The incidence of lower gastrointestinal bleeding is on the rise, prompting the creation of various scoring systems to forecast patient's outcomes. But there is no single unified scoring system and these scoring systems clinical data are small and not worldwide.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one common tumor with the high death rate, and badly affects the normal lives of CRC patients. Amarogentin (AG) has been found to exhibit regulatory roles and join into the progression of multiple diseases. However, the regulatory impacts and associated molecular mechanisms of AG in CRC progression keep unclear.

Neuregulin (NRG) family is involved in energy metabolism, among which NRG1 is a neuregulin proved to play a protective role in MAFLD cells. But the presice echanism has not been fully illustrated. This study aimed to investigate the role of NRG1 via the ERK/SIRT1 signaling in the pathogenesis of MAFLD.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major global health concern, with liver transplantation (LT) serving as a critical treatment for end-stage liver disease caused by HBV. However, the risk of HBV reinfection after LT remains significant, necessitating effective prophylaxis. Today, the combination of hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) and high-barrier nucleos(t)ide analogues (NUCs) is the standard of care for preventing HBV recurrence post-LT but concerns about the cost of HBIG and access to high-barrier NUCs have led to a reduction in the use, dose, and duration of HBIG in recent years. This review provides an updated analysis of the role of HBIG in preventing HBV recurrence post-LT, alongside a detailed evaluation of its cost-effectiveness, leveraging recent pharmacoeconomic data from Italy. The cost analysis showed that HBIG contributes approximately 12.4% (€ 49,000) to the total lifetime cost of LT-related healthcare (€395,986). Short-term HBIG prophylaxis reduced costs by 11.1%, while lifetime usage increased total costs by only 6.6%. However, the primary cost drivers were renal failure and immunosuppressive therapy. In conclusion, despite advancements in NUCs therapy, HBIG remains a cornerstone of HBV prophylaxis post-LT, particularly in high-risk patients, and discontinuation of HBIG in favor of alternative prophylaxis strategies lacks robust supporting evidence. Tailoring prophylaxis to individual patient needs and risk factors allows for personalized treatment while maintaining efficacy.

Gallstone disease (GSD) is associated with obesity. The Cardiometabolic Index (CMI), a metric that accurately assesses central adiposity and visceral fat, has not been extensively studied in relation to GSD risk. This study investigates the link between CMI and GSD incidence in U.S. adults.

The increased apoptosis of bile duct epithelial cells (BECs) due to some damage factors is considered the initiating factor in the occurrence and progression of biliary atresia (BA). Vitamin D receptor (VDR) is thought to play a crucial role in maintaining the intrinsic immune balance and integrity of bile duct epithelial cells (BECs). To investigate the role of VDRs in the pathogenesis and progression of BA using in vitro and in vivo models.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a primary cause of chronic liver disease, with potential progression to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Although systemic inflammatory biomarkers are associated with liver diseases, their specific role in MASLD remains unclear. This study examines the association between systemic inflammatory biomarkers and MASLD.

Bacterial gastroenteritis is a significant public health concern, capable of causing severe infections. Among the various pathogens involved, those belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family are the most frequently isolated and associated with gastrointestinal disorders. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of common diarrheagenic Enterobacteriaceae in Iran over the past two decades, from 2000 to 2023.

Remimazolam has proved to be a very promising sedative drug in randomized clinical trials for usage in a wide spectrum of patients, including critically ill ones. The purpose of our study was to verify efficacy and safety of remimazolam for procedural sedation during diagnostic and first level operative endoscopy in a real-world setting.

Differentiation of histologic subtypes of appendiceal mucoceles may prove to be difficult on computed tomography (CT). The main objective of this study was to identify the CT features of mucocele of the appendix and correlate the imaging findings with histopathology in inflammatory, benign, and malignant neoplastic lesions, and whether these entities can be accurately differentiated on CT imaging.

Over 30% of people worldwide suffer from metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), a significant global health issue. Identifying and preventing high-risk individuals for MASLD early is crucial. The purpose of our study is to investigate the factors related to the development of MASLD and develop a risk prediction model for its occurrence.