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4321. Plasma C5 glucose-to-2H2O ratio does not provide an accurate assessment of gluconeogenesis during hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps in either nondiabetic or diabetic humans.
作者: Rita Basu.;Visvanathan Chandramouli.;Betty Dicke.;Bernard R Landau.;Robert A Rizza.
来源: Diabetes. 2008年57卷7期1800-4页
Measurement of plasma C2 glucose enrichment is cumbersome. Therefore, the plasma C5 glucose-to-(2)H(2)O rather than the plasma C5-to-C2 glucose ratio commonly has been used to measure gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis during hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps. The validity of this approach is unknown.
4322. Hormone-sensitive lipase serine phosphorylation and glycerol exchange across skeletal muscle in lean and obese subjects: effect of beta-adrenergic stimulation.
作者: Johan W E Jocken.;Carsten Roepstorff.;Gijs H Goossens.;Paula van der Baan.;Marleen van Baak.;Wim H M Saris.;Bente Kiens.;Ellen E Blaak.
来源: Diabetes. 2008年57卷7期1834-41页
Increased intramuscular triacylglycerol (IMTG) storage is a characteristic of the obese insulin-resistant state. We aimed to investigate whether a blunted fasting or beta-adrenergically mediated lipolysis contributes to this increased IMTG storage in obesity.
4323. Glucose metabolism in vivo in four commonly used inbred mouse strains.
作者: Eric D Berglund.;Candice Y Li.;Greg Poffenberger.;Julio E Ayala.;Patrick T Fueger.;Shannon E Willis.;Marybeth M Jewell.;Alvin C Powers.;David H Wasserman.
来源: Diabetes. 2008年57卷7期1790-9页
To characterize differences in whole-body glucose metabolism between commonly used inbred mouse strains.
4324. Weak proinsulin peptide-major histocompatibility complexes are targeted in autoimmune diabetes in mice.
Weak major histocompatibility complex (MHC) binding of self-peptides has been proposed as a mechanism that may contribute to autoimmunity by allowing for escape of autoreactive T-cells from the thymus. We examined the relationship between the MHC-binding characteristics of a beta-cell antigen epitope and T-cell autoreactivity in a model of autoimmune diabetes.
4325. Serum heat shock protein 27 and diabetes complications in the EURODIAB prospective complications study: a novel circulating marker for diabetic neuropathy.
作者: Gabriella Gruden.;Graziella Bruno.;Nish Chaturvedi.;Davina Burt.;Casper Schalkwijk.;Silvia Pinach.;Coen D Stehouwer.;Daniel R Witte.;John H Fuller.;Paolo Cavallo Perin.; .
来源: Diabetes. 2008年57卷7期1966-70页
Heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) is a member of the small heat shock protein family of proteins. HSP27 expression is enhanced in target tissues of diabetic microvascular complications, and changes in circulating serum HSP27 levels (sHSP27) have been reported in patients with macrovascular disease. We investigated whether sHSP27 levels were associated with micro- and macrovascular complications in type 1 diabetic patients.
4326. Novel de novo mutation in sulfonylurea receptor 1 presenting as hyperinsulinism in infancy followed by overt diabetes in early adolescence.
作者: Maha Abdulhadi-Atwan.;Jeremy Bushman.;Sharona Tornovsky-Babaey.;Avital Perry.;Abdulsalam Abu-Libdeh.;Benjamin Glaser.;Show-Ling Shyng.;David H Zangen.
来源: Diabetes. 2008年57卷7期1935-40页
Congenital hyperinsulinism, usually associated with severe neonatal hypoglycemia, may progress to diabetes, typically during the 4th decade of life in nonpancreatectomized patients. We aimed to genotype the ATP-sensitive K(+) channel in a 10.5-year-old girl presenting with overt diabetes following hyperinsulinism in infancy.
4327. Effect of oral amino acids on counterregulatory responses and cognitive function during insulin-induced hypoglycemia in nondiabetic and type 1 diabetic people.
作者: Paolo Rossetti.;Francesca Porcellati.;Natalia Busciantella Ricci.;Paola Candeloro.;Patrizia Cioli.;K Sreekumaran Nair.;Fausto Santeusanio.;Geremia B Bolli.;Carmine G Fanelli.
来源: Diabetes. 2008年57卷7期1905-17页
Amino acids stimulate glucagon responses to hypoglycemia and may be utilized by the brain. The aim of this study was to assess the responses to hypoglycemia in nondiabetic and type 1 diabetic subjects after ingestion of an amino acid mixture.
4328. Increased GABAergic tone in the ventromedial hypothalamus contributes to suppression of counterregulatory responses after antecedent hypoglycemia.
作者: Owen Chan.;Haiying Cheng.;Raimund Herzog.;Daniel Czyzyk.;Wanling Zhu.;Ajin Wang.;Rory J McCrimmon.;Margretta R Seashore.;Robert S Sherwin.
来源: Diabetes. 2008年57卷5期1363-70页
We have previously demonstrated that modulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) inhibitory tone in the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH), an important glucose-sensing region in the brain, modulates the magnitude of glucagon and sympathoadrenal responses to hypoglycemia. In the current study, we examined whether increased VMH GABAergic tone may contribute to suppression of counterregulatory responses after recurrent hypoglycemia.
4329. Critical roles for macrophages in islet angiogenesis and maintenance during pancreatic degeneration.
作者: Jeffery S Tessem.;Jan N Jensen.;Hanna Pelli.;Xu-Ming Dai.;Xiao-Hua Zong.;E Richard Stanley.;Jan Jensen.;James DeGregori.
来源: Diabetes. 2008年57卷6期1605-17页
Chronic pancreatitis, characterized by pancreatic exocrine tissue destruction with initial maintenance of islets, eventually leads to insulin-dependent diabetes in most patients. Mice deficient for the transcription factors E2F1 and E2F2 suffer from a chronic pancreatitis-like syndrome and become diabetic. Surprisingly, onset of diabetes can be prevented through bone marrow transplantation. The goal of the described studies was to determine the hematopoietic cell type responsible for maintaining islets and the associated mechanism of this protection.
4330. Having one kidney does not accelerate the rate of development of diabetic nephropathy lesions in type 1 diabetic patients.
Reduced nephron number is hypothesized to be a risk factor for chronic kidney disease and hypertension. Whether reduced nephron number accelerates the early stages of diabetic nephropathy is unknown. This study investigated whether the rate of development of diabetic nephropathy lesions was different in type 1 diabetic patients with a single (transplanted) kidney compared with patients with two (native) kidneys.
4331. Treatment of obese diabetic mice with a heme oxygenase inducer reduces visceral and subcutaneous adiposity, increases adiponectin levels, and improves insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance.
作者: Ming Li.;Dong Hyun Kim.;Peter L Tsenovoy.;Stephen J Peterson.;Rita Rezzani.;Luigi F Rodella.;Wilbert S Aronow.;Susumu Ikehara.;Nader G Abraham.
来源: Diabetes. 2008年57卷6期1526-35页
We hypothesized that the induction of heme oxygenase (HO)-1 and increased HO activity, which induces arterial antioxidative enzymes and vasoprotection in a mouse and a rat model of diabetes, would ameliorate insulin resistance, obesity, and diabetes in the ob mouse model of type 2 diabetes.
4332. Adiponectin reduces plasma triglyceride by increasing VLDL triglyceride catabolism.
作者: Liping Qiao.;Chenhui Zou.;Deneys R van der Westhuyzen.;Jianhua Shao.
来源: Diabetes. 2008年57卷7期1824-33页
Adiponectin is an adipocyte-derived hormone that plays an important role in glucose and lipid metabolism. The main aims of this study are to investigate the effects of adiponectin on VLDL triglyceride (VLDL-TG) metabolism and the underlying mechanism.
4333. Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase overexpression in pancreatic beta-cells results in reduced insulin secretion: a new mechanism for fat-induced impairment of beta-cell function.
作者: Melkam Kebede.;Jenny Favaloro.;Jenny E Gunton.;D Ross Laybutt.;Margaret Shaw.;Nicole Wong.;Barbara C Fam.;Kathryn Aston-Mourney.;Christian Rantzau.;Anthony Zulli.;Joseph Proietto.;Sofianos Andrikopoulos.
来源: Diabetes. 2008年57卷7期1887-95页
Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) is a gluconeogenic enzyme that is upregulated in islets or pancreatic beta-cell lines exposed to high fat. However, whether specific beta-cell upregulation of FBPase can impair insulin secretory function is not known. The objective of this study therefore is to determine whether a specific increase in islet beta-cell FBPase can result in reduced glucose-mediated insulin secretion.
4334. The caspase selective inhibitor EP1013 augments human islet graft function and longevity in marginal mass islet transplantation in mice.
作者: Juliet A Emamaullee.;Joy Davis.;Rena Pawlick.;Christian Toso.;Shaheed Merani.;Sui-Xiong Cai.;Ben Tseng.;A M James Shapiro.
来源: Diabetes. 2008年57卷6期1556-66页
Clinical islet transplantation can provide insulin independence in patients with type 1 diabetes, but chronic graft failure has been observed. This has been attributed in part to loss of >or=60% of the transplanted islets in the peritransplant period, resulting in a marginal implant mass. Strategies designed to maximize survival of the initial islet mass are likely to have major impact in enhancing long-term clinical outcomes. EP1013 (N-benzyloxycabonyl-Val Asp-fluoromethyl ketone [zVD-FMK]), is a broad-spectrum caspase selective inhibitor with no observed toxicity in rodents.
4335. The diabetic phenotype in HNF4A mutation carriers is moderated by the expression of HNF4A isoforms from the P1 promoter during fetal development.
作者: Lorna W Harries.;Jonathan M Locke.;Beverley Shields.;Neil A Hanley.;Karen Piper Hanley.;Anna Steele.;Pål R Njølstad.;Sian Ellard.;Andrew T Hattersley.
来源: Diabetes. 2008年57卷6期1745-52页
Mutations in the alternatively spliced HNF4A gene cause maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY). We characterized the spatial and developmental expression patterns of HNF4A transcripts in human tissues and investigated their role as potential moderators of the MODY phenotype.
4336. Suppressors of cytokine-signaling proteins induce insulin resistance in the retina and promote survival of retinal cells.
作者: Xuebin Liu.;Marie G Mameza.;Yun Sang Lee.;Chikezie I Eseonu.;Cheng-Rong Yu.;Jennifer J Kang Derwent.;Charles E Egwuagu.
来源: Diabetes. 2008年57卷6期1651-8页
Suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) are implicated in the etiology of diabetes, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. Here, we show that some SOCS members are induced, while others are constitutively expressed, in retina and examine whether persistent elevation of SOCS levels in retina by chronic inflammation or cellular stress predisposes to developing insulin resistance in retina, a condition implicated in diabetic retinopathy.
4337. 5-Lipoxygenase, but not 12/15-lipoxygenase, contributes to degeneration of retinal capillaries in a mouse model of diabetic retinopathy.
作者: Rose A Gubitosi-Klug.;Ramaprasad Talahalli.;Yunpeng Du.;Jerry L Nadler.;Timothy S Kern.
来源: Diabetes. 2008年57卷5期1387-93页
Lipoxygenases are regulators of chronic inflammation and oxidative stress generation. We evaluated the role of 5- and 12-lipoxygenases in the development of diabetic retinopathy.
4338. A rare mutation in ABCC8/SUR1 leading to altered ATP-sensitive K+ channel activity and beta-cell glucose sensing is associated with type 2 diabetes in adults.
作者: Andrei I Tarasov.;Tamara J Nicolson.;Jean-Pierre Riveline.;Tarvinder K Taneja.;Stephen A Baldwin.;Jocelyn M Baldwin.;Guillaume Charpentier.;Jean-François Gautier.;Philippe Froguel.;Martine Vaxillaire.;Guy A Rutter.
来源: Diabetes. 2008年57卷6期1595-604页
ATP-sensitive K(+) channels (K(ATP) channels) link glucose metabolism to the electrical activity of the pancreatic beta-cell to regulate insulin secretion. Mutations in either the Kir6.2 or sulfonylurea receptor (SUR) 1 subunit of the channel have previously been shown to cause neonatal diabetes. We describe here an activating mutation in the ABCC8 gene, encoding SUR1, that is associated with the development of type 2 diabetes only in adults.
4339. Common variation in the FTO gene alters diabetes-related metabolic traits to the extent expected given its effect on BMI.
作者: Rachel M Freathy.;Nicholas J Timpson.;Debbie A Lawlor.;Anneli Pouta.;Yoav Ben-Shlomo.;Aimo Ruokonen.;Shah Ebrahim.;Beverley Shields.;Eleftheria Zeggini.;Michael N Weedon.;Cecilia M Lindgren.;Hana Lango.;David Melzer.;Luigi Ferrucci.;Giuseppe Paolisso.;Matthew J Neville.;Fredrik Karpe.;Colin N A Palmer.;Andrew D Morris.;Paul Elliott.;Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin.;George Davey Smith.;Mark I McCarthy.;Andrew T Hattersley.;Timothy M Frayling.
来源: Diabetes. 2008年57卷5期1419-26页
Common variation in the FTO gene is associated with BMI and type 2 diabetes. Increased BMI is associated with diabetes risk factors, including raised insulin, glucose, and triglycerides. We aimed to test whether FTO genotype is associated with variation in these metabolic traits.
4340. Reduced glucocorticoid production rate, decreased 5alpha-reductase activity, and adipose tissue insulin sensitization after weight loss.
作者: Jeremy W Tomlinson.;Joanne Finney.;Beverly A Hughes.;Susan V Hughes.;Paul M Stewart.
来源: Diabetes. 2008年57卷6期1536-43页
The epidemics of obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes have heightened the need to understand mechanisms that contribute to their pathogenesis. Increased endogenous glucocorticoid production has been implicated based on parallels with Cushing's syndrome. We have assessed the impact of weight loss on glucocorticoid secretion and metabolism (notably 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 and 5alpha-reductase [5alphaR] activity) and insulin sensitivity.
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