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401. Colorectal Cancer Screening Completion and Yield in Patients Aged 45 to 50 Years : An Observational Study.
作者: Theodore R Levin.;Christopher D Jensen.;Natalia Udaltsova.;Andrea A Burnett-Hartman.;Aruna Kamineni.;Chun R Chao.;Joanne E Schottinger.;Nirupa R Ghai.;Gaia Pocobelli.;Larissa L White.;Malia Oliver.;Hina Chowdhry.;Brian P Hixon.;Jessica M Badalov.;Shauna R Goldberg.;Susan C Bradford.;Charles P Quesenberry.;Jeffrey K Lee.
来源: Ann Intern Med. 2024年177卷12期1621-1629页
Guidelines now recommend initiating colorectal cancer (CRC) screening at age 45 years rather than 50 years, but little is known about screening completion and yield among people aged 45 to 49 years.
402. The Effect of the "Safety in Dementia" Online Tool to Assist Decision Making for Caregivers of Persons With Dementia and Access to Firearms : A Randomized Trial.
作者: Marian E Betz.;Jennifer Portz.;Christopher Knoepke.;Megan L Ranney.;Stacy M Fischer.;Ryan A Peterson.;Rachel L Johnson.;Faris Omeragic.;Mirella Castaneda.;Emily Greenway.;Daniel Matlock.
来源: Ann Intern Med. 2024年177卷12期1630-1640页
Caregivers face challenges (including competing desires to prevent injury, respect autonomy, and avoid conflict) when addressing firearm access by community-dwelling persons with Alzheimer disease and related dementias (ADRD).
403. Clinical Tools to Assess Functional Capacity During Risk Assessment Before Elective Noncardiac Surgery : A Scoping Review.
作者: Julian F Daza.;Tyler R Chesney.;Juan F Morales.;Yuanxin Xue.;Sandra Lee.;Leandra A Amado.;Bianca Pivetta.;Arnaud R Mbadjeu Hondjeu.;Rachel Jolley.;Calvin Diep.;Shabbir M H Alibhai.;Peter M Smith.;Erin D Kennedy.;Elizabeth Racz.;Luke Wilmshurst.;Duminda N Wijeysundera.
来源: Ann Intern Med. 2025年178卷1期75-87页
Functional capacity is critical to preoperative risk assessment, yet guidance on its measurement in clinical practice remains lacking.
404. Dementia.
Dementia, or major neurocognitive disorder, is defined as a decline in 1 or more cognitive domains that causes impairment in everyday function. Alzheimer disease is the most common type of dementia in the United States, with an estimated 6.9 million adults who have Alzheimer disease and are 65 years or older. This article discusses the latest findings in preventing cognitive decline. It also discusses dementia screening, diagnosis, treatment, and the quality of life for persons with dementia and their caregivers.
405. Patients surviving COVID-19 had lower risk for long COVID in the Omicron vs. earlier eras.
Xie Y, Choi T, Al-Aly Z. Postacute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the pre-Delta, Delta, and Omicron eras. N Engl J Med. 2024;391:515-525. 39018527.
406. Ensuring Safe Practice by Late Career Physicians: Institutional Policies and Implementation Experiences.
作者: Andrew A White.;Thomas H Gallagher.;Paulina H Osinska.;Daniel B Kramer.;Kelly Davis Garrett.;Michelle M Mello.
来源: Ann Intern Med. 2024年177卷12期1702-1710页
Late career physicians (LCPs; physicians working beyond age 65 to 75 years) may be at higher risk for delivering unsafe care. To oversee LCPs, some health care organizations (HCOs) have adopted LCP policies requiring cognitive, physical, and practice performance screening assessments. Despite recent controversies, little is known about the content and implementation of such policies.
407. In active ulcerative colitis, risankizumab induced and maintained remission.
Louis E, Schreiber S, Panaccione R, et al; INSPIRE and COMMAND Study Group. Risankizumab for ulcerative colitis: two randomized clinical trials. JAMA. 2024;332:881-897. 39037800.
408. In symptomatic knee OA, adding oral methotrexate to usual analgesia reduced pain at 6 mo.
Kingsbury SR, Tharmanathan P, Keding A, et al. Pain reduction with oral methotrexate in knee osteoarthritis: a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Ann Intern Med. 2024;177:1145-1156. 39074374.
409. In older adults receiving high-risk medications, a deprescribing intervention did not reduce falls at 18 mo.
Phelan EA, Williamson BD, Balderson BH, et al. Reducing central nervous system-active medications to prevent falls and injuries among older adults: a cluster randomized clinical trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7:e2424234. 39052289.
410. In older inpatients with polypharmacy, medication optimization did not improve outcomes at 48 wk.
Ie K, Hirose M, Sakai T, et al. Medication optimization protocol efficacy for geriatric inpatients: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7:e2423544. 39078632.
411. In adults with TBI and anemia, liberal vs. restrictive RBC transfusion did not reduce unfavorable neurologic outcomes by 10% at 6 mo.
Turgeon AF, Fergusson DA, Clayton L, et al; HEMOTION Trial Investigators on behalf of the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group, the Canadian Perioperative Anesthesia Clinical Trials Group, and the Canadian Traumatic Brain Injury Research Consortium. Liberal or restrictive transfusion strategy in patients with traumatic brain injury. N Engl J Med. 2024;391:722-735. 38869931.
412. In T2D, SGLT-2 inhibitor effects on CV and kidney outcomes were consistent regardless of GLP-1 receptor agonist use.
Apperloo EM, Neuen BL, Fletcher RA, et al. Efficacy and safety of SGLT2 inhibitors with and without glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists: a SMART-C collaborative meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2024;12:545-557. 38991584.
413. Effect of Weight Loss Interventions on the Symptomatic Burden and Biomarkers of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome : A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.
作者: Jadine Scragg.;Alice Hobson.;Lia Willis.;Kathryn S Taylor.;Sharon Dixon.;Susan A Jebb.
来源: Ann Intern Med. 2024年177卷12期1664-1674页
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is common in women of reproductive age and is associated with obesity. Clinical guidelines recommend weight loss, but the impact on the clinical manifestations of PCOS is unclear.
414. In subclinical AF, the benefit of apixaban vs. aspirin on stroke or systemic embolism trended higher with CHA2DS2-VASc >4.
Lopes RD, Granger CB, Wojdyla DM, et al. Apixaban vs aspirin according to CHA2DS2-VASc score in subclinical atrial fibrillation: insights from ARTESiA. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2024;84:354-364. 39019530.
415. In adults with BMI ≥27 kg/m2 and CVD, but without diabetes, semaglutide reduced MACE, regardless of baseline HbA1c level.
Lingvay I, Deanfield J, Kahn SE, et al; SELECT Trial Investigators. Semaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes by baseline HbA1c and change in HbA1c in people with overweight or obesity but without diabetes in SELECT. Diabetes Care. 2024;47:1360-1369. 38907684.
416. In HF, T2D, CKD, or atherosclerotic CVD, SGLT2 inhibitors reduce HF hospitalizations and CV mortality.
Usman MS, Bhatt DL, Hameed I, et al. Effect of SGLT2 inhibitors on heart failure outcomes and cardiovascular death across the cardiometabolic disease spectrum: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2024;12:447-461. 38768620.
417. Risk for Financial Precarity From Hospitalization: Implications for Targeting Financial Assistance in Medicare.
作者: Paula Chatterjee.;Eliza Macneal.;Syama R Patel.;Eric T Roberts.
来源: Ann Intern Med. 2024年177卷12期1601-1609页
High out-of-pocket costs in Medicare may leave many beneficiaries in financial precarity. Beneficiaries with modest incomes are often ineligible for Medicaid (which covers most out-of-pocket Medicare costs) and may have insufficient resources to pay an unexpected health care bill. This has prompted calls to improve financial protections, but the target population remains uncharacterized.
418. Projected Impact and Cost-Effectiveness of Novel Molecular Blood-Based or Stool-Based Screening Tests for Colorectal Cancer.
作者: Uri Ladabaum.;Ajitha Mannalithara.;Robert E Schoen.;Jason A Dominitz.;David Lieberman.
来源: Ann Intern Med. 2024年177卷12期1610-1620页
Cell-free DNA blood tests (cf-bDNA) and next-generation stool tests could change colorectal cancer (CRC) screening.
419. Comparative Effectiveness and Safety of Atorvastatin Versus Rosuvastatin : A Multi-database Cohort Study.
作者: Shiyu Zhou.;Ruixuan Chen.;Jiao Liu.;Zhixin Guo.;Licong Su.;Yanqin Li.;Xiaodong Zhang.;Fan Luo.;Qi Gao.;Yuxin Lin.;Mingzhen Pang.;Lisha Cao.;Xin Xu.;Sheng Nie.
来源: Ann Intern Med. 2024年177卷12期1641-1651页
Rosuvastatin and atorvastatin are the most widely prescribed moderate- to high-intensity statins. However, evidence on their efficacy and safety during actual use is limited.
420. 2023 U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs and U.S. Department of Defense Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Headache.
作者: Jason J Sico.;Natasha M Antonovich.;Jennifer Ballard-Hernandez.;Andrew C Buelt.;Amy S Grinberg.;Franz J Macedo.;Ian W Pace.;James Reston.;James Sall.;Friedhelm Sandbrink.;Karen M Skop.;Thomas R Stark.;Rebecca Vogsland.;Lisa Wayman.;Aven W Ford.
来源: Ann Intern Med. 2024年177卷12期1675-1694页
Headache medicine and therapeutics evidence have been rapidly expanding and evolving since the 2020 U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) and U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) clinical practice guideline (CPG) for the management of headache. Therefore, the CPG was revised in 2023, earlier than the standard 5-year cycle. This article reviews the 2023 CPG recommendations relevant to primary care clinicians for treatment and prevention of migraine and tension-type headache (TTH).
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