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4141. Dexamethasone, granisetron, or both for the prevention of nausea and vomiting during chemotherapy for cancer.
Serotonin-receptor antagonists seem to be as effective as corticosteroids in preventing emesis induced by moderately emetogenic antineoplastic agents. We compared the antiemetic effect of a combination of granisetron and dexamethasone with that of granisetron or dexamethasone administered alone.
4142. Complications and failures of subclavian-vein catheterization.
作者: P F Mansfield.;D C Hohn.;B D Fornage.;M A Gregurich.;D M Ota.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1994年331卷26期1735-8页
Although catheterization of the subclavian vein is a common procedure, the risk factors for complications and failures, with the exception of the physician's experience, are poorly understood. Ultrasonography has been recommended to help guide the placement of central venous catheters.
4143. Hydrocolonic ultrasonography in the detection of colonic polyps and tumors.
作者: D W Chui.;G A Gooding.;K R McQuaid.;V Griswold.;J H Grendell.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1994年331卷25期1685-8页
Hydrocolonic ultrasonography--abdominal ultrasonography in conjunction with the retrograde instillation of water into the colon--has been advocated as an alternative to colonoscopy for detecting colorectal polyps and cancer. We conducted a prospective, blinded trial to evaluate the procedure further.
4144. A pilot study of isotretinoin in the treatment of juvenile chronic myelogenous leukemia.
作者: R P Castleberry.;P D Emanuel.;K S Zuckerman.;S Cohn.;L Strauss.;R L Byrd.;A Homans.;S Chaffee.;R Nitschke.;R J Gualtieri.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1994年331卷25期1680-4页
Juvenile chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a rare myeloproliferative disease of infants and young children for which there is no effective therapy other than allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. In vitro, isotretinoin (13-cis-retinoic acid) attenuates both the spontaneous proliferation of leukemic peripheral-blood progenitor cells (granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming units) and their selective hypersensitivity to granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). We conducted a pilot study to evaluate the clinical efficacy of isotretinoin in juvenile CML.
4145. Parathyroid hormone for the prevention of bone loss induced by estrogen deficiency.
作者: J S Finkelstein.;A Klibanski.;E H Schaefer.;M D Hornstein.;I Schiff.;R M Neer.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1994年331卷24期1618-23页
Analogues of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) are often given to induce hypogonadism in women who have estrogen-dependent disorders such as endometriosis and uterine leiomyomas. Because estrogen deficiency causes bone loss, concern about premature osteoporosis has prevented long-term therapy with GnRH analogues. We conducted a study to determine whether parathyroid hormone could prevent bone loss in women receiving therapy with GnRH analogues.
4146. Perioperative nutritional support in patients undergoing hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma.
Resection of hepatocellular carcinoma is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Since intensive nutritional support can reduce the catabolic response and improve protein synthesis and liver regeneration, we performed a prospective study to investigate whether perioperative nutritional support could improve outcome in patients undergoing hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma.
4147. The response of symptomatic neurosyphilis to high-dose intravenous penicillin G in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection.
作者: S M Gordon.;M E Eaton.;R George.;S Larsen.;S A Lukehart.;J Kuypers.;C M Marra.;S Thompson.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1994年331卷22期1469-73页
Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may affect both the natural course of syphilis and the response to treatment. We examined the response to treatment with high-dose penicillin G in HIV-infected patients with symptomatic neurosyphilis.
4148. Effects of saline, mannitol, and furosemide on acute decreases in renal function induced by radiocontrast agents.
Injections of radiocontrast agents are a frequent cause of acute decreases in renal function, occurring most often in patients with chronic renal insufficiency and diabetes mellitus.
4149. Effect of the dialysis membrane in the treatment of patients with acute renal failure.
The mortality rate among patients with acute renal failure remains high, and the role of the biocompatibility of the dialysis membrane in the resolution of this disorder is not known.
4150. Lack of effect of lovastatin on restenosis after coronary angioplasty. Lovastatin Restenosis Trial Study Group.
作者: W S Weintraub.;S J Boccuzzi.;J L Klein.;A S Kosinski.;S B King.;R Ivanhoe.;J C Cedarholm.;M E Stillabower.;J D Talley.;S J DeMaio.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1994年331卷20期1331-7页
Experimental and clinical observations suggest that lowering serum lipid levels may reduce the risk of restenosis after coronary angioplasty. We report the results of a prospective, randomized, double-blind trial evaluating whether lowering lipid levels with lovastatin can prevent or delay restenosis after angioplasty.
4151. A randomized trial comparing fluconazole with amphotericin B for the treatment of candidemia in patients without neutropenia. Candidemia Study Group and the National Institute.
作者: J H Rex.;J E Bennett.;A M Sugar.;P G Pappas.;C M van der Horst.;J E Edwards.;R G Washburn.;W M Scheld.;A W Karchmer.;A P Dine.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1994年331卷20期1325-30页
Amphotericin B has long been the standard treatment for candidemia, but its use is complicated by its toxicity. More recently, fluconazole, a water-soluble triazole with activity against candida species and little toxicity, has become available. We conducted a multicenter randomized trial that compared amphotericin B with fluconazole as treatment for candidemia.
4152. Bone marrow transplants from HLA-identical siblings as compared with chemotherapy for children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in a second remission.
作者: A J Barrett.;M M Horowitz.;B H Pollock.;M J Zhang.;M M Bortin.;G R Buchanan.;B M Camitta.;J Ochs.;J Graham-Pole.;P A Rowlings.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1994年331卷19期1253-8页
It is unclear how best to treat children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia who are in a second remission after a bone marrow relapse. For those with HLA-identical siblings, the question of whether to perform a bone marrow transplantation or to continue chemotherapy has not been answered.
4153. A controlled trial of fish oil in IgA nephropathy. Mayo Nephrology Collaborative Group.
作者: J V Donadio.;E J Bergstralh.;K P Offord.;D C Spencer.;K E Holley.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1994年331卷18期1194-9页
The n-3 fatty acids in fish oil affect eicosanoid and cytokine production and therefore have the potential to alter renal hemodynamics and inflammation. The effects of fish oil could prevent immunologic renal injury in patients with IgA nephropathy.
4154. Improvement in glucose tolerance and insulin resistance in obese subjects treated with troglitazone.
Troglitazone decreases insulin resistance and hyperglycemia in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), but its effects on subjects without diabetes are not known.
4155. A controlled trial of intravenous immune globulin for the prevention of serious bacterial infections in children receiving zidovudine for advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection. Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group.
作者: S A Spector.;R D Gelber.;N McGrath.;D Wara.;A Barzilai.;E Abrams.;Y J Bryson.;W M Dankner.;R A Livingston.;E M Connor.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1994年331卷18期1181-7页
Serious bacterial infections are common in children infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Studies performed before zidovudine became standard therapy found that intravenous immune globulin decreases the number of serious bacterial infections in these children. We designed a multicenter study to evaluate the efficacy of intravenous immune globulin in children with advanced HIV infection who were receiving zidovudine.
4156. Reduction of maternal-infant transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 with zidovudine treatment. Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol 076 Study Group.
作者: E M Connor.;R S Sperling.;R Gelber.;P Kiselev.;G Scott.;M J O'Sullivan.;R VanDyke.;M Bey.;W Shearer.;R L Jacobson.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1994年331卷18期1173-80页
Maternal-infant transmission is the primary means by which young children become infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV). We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of the efficacy and safety of zidovudine in reducing the risk of maternal-infant HIV transmission. HIV-infected pregnant women (14 to 34 weeks' gestation) with CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts above 200 cells per cubic millimeter who had not received antiretroviral therapy during the current pregnancy were enrolled. The zidovudine regimen included antepartum zidovudine (100 mg orally five times daily), intrapartum zidovudine (2 mg per kilogram of body weight given intravenously over one hour, then 1 mg per kilogram per hour until delivery), and zidovudine for the newborn (2 mg per kilogram orally every six hours for six weeks). Infants with at least one positive HIV culture of peripheral-blood mononuclear cells were classified as HIV-infected.
4157. Vasoactive intestinal peptide-receptor imaging for the localization of intestinal adenocarcinomas and endocrine tumors.
作者: I Virgolini.;M Raderer.;A Kurtaran.;P Angelberger.;S Banyai.;Q Yang.;S Li.;M Banyai.;J Pidlich.;B Niederle.;W Scheithauer.;P Valent.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1994年331卷17期1116-21页
Intestinal adenocarcinomas and various endocrine tumors express large numbers of high-affinity receptors for vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). We have evaluated the usefulness of scanning with VIP labeled with iodine-123 for tumor localization in patients with gastrointestinal tumors.
4158. Immediate versus delayed fluid resuscitation for hypotensive patients with penetrating torso injuries.
作者: W H Bickell.;M J Wall.;P E Pepe.;R R Martin.;V F Ginger.;M K Allen.;K L Mattox.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1994年331卷17期1105-9页
Fluid resuscitation may be detrimental when given before bleeding is controlled in patients with trauma. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of delaying fluid resuscitation until the time of operative intervention in hypotensive patients with penetrating injuries to the torso.
4159. A comparison of tacrolimus (FK 506) and cyclosporine for immunosuppression in liver transplantation.
Tacrolimus (FK 506), a macrolide compound isolated from a bacterium, is a potent immunosuppressant with activity in solid-organ transplants. Most immunosuppressive regimens for liver transplantation are based on cyclosporine.
4160. Surfactant therapy and nasal continuous positive airway pressure for newborns with respiratory distress syndrome. Danish-Swedish Multicenter Study Group.
作者: H Verder.;B Robertson.;G Greisen.;F Ebbesen.;P Albertsen.;K Lundstrøm.;T Jacobsen.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1994年331卷16期1051-5页
In southern Scandinavia most babies with respiratory distress syndrome are initially treated with nasal continuous positive airway pressure. We performed a multicenter trial to investigate whether the addition of a single dose of porcine surfactant administered during a short intubation before the occurrence of serious deterioration could reduce the subsequent need for mechanical ventilation.
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