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4062. A comparison of five maintenance therapies for reflux esophagitis.
作者: S Vigneri.;R Termini.;G Leandro.;S Badalamenti.;M Pantalena.;V Savarino.;F Di Mario.;G Battaglia.;G S Mela.;A Pilotto.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1995年333卷17期1106-10页
Patients with reflux esophagitis have a high rate of relapse within one year after therapy is discontinued.
4063. Hepatic failure and lactic acidosis due to fialuridine (FIAU), an investigational nucleoside analogue for chronic hepatitis B.
作者: R McKenzie.;M W Fried.;R Sallie.;H Conjeevaram.;A M Di Bisceglie.;Y Park.;B Savarese.;D Kleiner.;M Tsokos.;C Luciano.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1995年333卷17期1099-105页
We describe severe and unexpected multisystem toxicity that occurred during a study of the antiviral nucleoside analogue fialuridine (1-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)-5-iodouracil, or FIAU) as therapy for chronic hepatitis B virus infection.
4064. A placebo-controlled trial of a pertussis-toxoid vaccine.
作者: B Trollfors.;J Taranger.;T Lagergård.;L Lind.;V Sundh.;G Zackrisson.;C U Lowe.;W Blackwelder.;J B Robbins.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1995年333卷16期1045-50页
Although many whole-cell vaccines have been effective in preventing pertussis, these vaccines are difficult to standardize and can produce side effects. In Sweden, pertussis became endemic during the 1970s despite vaccination. Because of its limited efficacy, the Swedish-made whole-cell vaccine was withdrawn in 1979.
4065. Reconstitution of cellular immunity against cytomegalovirus in recipients of allogeneic bone marrow by transfer of T-cell clones from the donor.
作者: E A Walter.;P D Greenberg.;M J Gilbert.;R J Finch.;K S Watanabe.;E D Thomas.;S R Riddell.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1995年333卷16期1038-44页
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease in immunocompromised patients correlates with a deficiency of CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes specific for CMV. We evaluated the safety and immunologic effects of immunotherapy with clones of these lymphocytes in recipients of allogeneic bone marrow transplants.
4066. A comparison of diets with and without oats in adults with celiac disease.
作者: E K Janatuinen.;P H Pikkarainen.;T A Kemppainen.;V M Kosma.;R M Järvinen.;M I Uusitupa.;R J Julkunen.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1995年333卷16期1033-7页
Wheat, rye, and barley damage the small-intestinal mucosa of patients with celiac disease; maize and rice are harmless. The effects of a diet containing oats are uncertain.
4067. A trial of goal-oriented hemodynamic therapy in critically ill patients. SvO2 Collaborative Group.
作者: L Gattinoni.;L Brazzi.;P Pelosi.;R Latini.;G Tognoni.;A Pesenti.;R Fumagalli.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1995年333卷16期1025-32页
Hemodynamic therapy to raise the cardiac index and oxygen delivery to supranormal may improve outcomes in critically ill patients. We studied whether increasing the cardiac index to a supranormal level (cardiac-index group) or increasing mixed venous oxygen saturation to a normal level (oxygen-saturation group) would decrease morbidity and mortality among critically ill patients, as compared with a control group in which the target was a normal cardiac index.
4068. Azathioprine for long-term maintenance of remission in autoimmune hepatitis.
In most patients with autoimmune hepatitis, remission can be maintained with prednisolone, usually in combination with azathioprine, but the majority of patients have a relapse when treatment is stopped and therefore require long-term therapy. Because prolonged corticosteroid therapy may have serious toxic effects, in 1984 we undertook a controlled trial of maintenance therapy with azathioprine alone. None of the 25 patients in that trial had relapses during the follow-up period of one year. We have now followed these 25 patients for 10 years and have treated an additional 47 patients in a similar manner.
4069. The effectiveness of vaccination against influenza in healthy, working adults.
作者: K L Nichol.;A Lind.;K L Margolis.;M Murdoch.;R McFadden.;M Hauge.;S Magnan.;M Drake.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1995年333卷14期889-93页
Although influenza causes substantial morbidity and mortality in all age groups, current recommendations emphasize annual immunization for people at high risk for complications of influenza. We conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of vaccination against influenza in healthy, working adults.
4070. Zinc supplementation in young children with acute diarrhea in India.
作者: S Sazawal.;R E Black.;M K Bhan.;N Bhandari.;A Sinha.;S Jalla.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1995年333卷13期839-44页
In developing countries the duration and severity of diarrheal illnesses are greatest among infants and young children with malnutrition and impaired immune status, both factors that may be associated with zinc deficiency. In children with severe zinc deficiency, diarrhea is common and responds quickly to zinc supplementation.
4071. Myoblast transfer in the treatment of Duchenne's muscular dystrophy.
作者: J R Mendell.;J T Kissel.;A A Amato.;W King.;L Signore.;T W Prior.;Z Sahenk.;S Benson.;P E McAndrew.;R Rice.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1995年333卷13期832-8页
Myoblast transfer has been proposed as a technique to replace dystrophin, the skeletal-muscle protein that is deficient in Duchenne's muscular dystrophy. Donor myoblasts injected into muscles of affected patients can fuse with host muscle fibers, thus contributing their nuclei, which are potentially capable of replacing deficient gene products. Previous controlled trials involving a single transfer of myoblasts have been unsuccessful.
4072. Noninvasive ventilation for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
作者: L Brochard.;J Mancebo.;M Wysocki.;F Lofaso.;G Conti.;A Rauss.;G Simonneau.;S Benito.;A Gasparetto.;F Lemaire.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1995年333卷13期817-22页
In patients with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, noninvasive ventilation may be used in an attempt to avoid endotracheal intubation and complications associated with mechanical ventilation.
4073. A controlled study of adenoviral-vector-mediated gene transfer in the nasal epithelium of patients with cystic fibrosis.
作者: M R Knowles.;K W Hohneker.;Z Zhou.;J C Olsen.;T L Noah.;P C Hu.;M W Leigh.;J F Engelhardt.;L J Edwards.;K R Jones.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1995年333卷13期823-31页
Cystic fibrosis is a monogenic disease that deranges multiple systems of ion transport in the airways, culminating in chronic infection and destruction of the lung. The introduction of a normal copy of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene into the airway epithelium through gene transfer is an attractive approach to correcting the underlying defects in patients with cystic fibrosis. We tested the feasibility of gene therapy using adenoviral vectors in the nasal epithelium of such patients.
4074. Treatment with bivalirudin (Hirulog) as compared with heparin during coronary angioplasty for unstable or postinfarction angina. Hirulog Angioplasty Study Investigators.
作者: J A Bittl.;J Strony.;J A Brinker.;W H Ahmed.;C R Meckel.;B R Chaitman.;J Maraganore.;E Deutsch.;B Adelman.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1995年333卷12期764-9页
Heparin is often administered during and after coronary angioplasty to prevent closure of the dilated vessel. However, ischemic or hemorrhagic complications occur in 5 to 10 percent of treated patients. We studied whether these complications could be prevented when the direct thrombin inhibitor bivalirudin (Hirulog) was used in place of heparin.
4075. A comparison of hirudin with heparin in the prevention of restenosis after coronary angioplasty. Helvetica Investigators.
作者: P W Serruys.;J P Herrman.;R Simon.;W Rutsch.;C Bode.;G J Laarman.;R van Dijk.;A A van den Bos.;V A Umans.;K A Fox.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1995年333卷12期757-63页
The likelihood of restenosis is a major limitation of coronary angioplasty. We studied whether hirudin, a highly selective inhibitor of thrombin with irreversible effects, would prevent restenosis after angioplasty. We compared two regimens of recombinant hirudin with heparin.
4076. A clinical trial of active management of labor.
作者: F D Frigoletto.;E Lieberman.;J M Lang.;A Cohen.;V Barss.;S Ringer.;S Datta.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1995年333卷12期745-50页
Active management of labor is a multifaceted program that, as implemented at the National Maternity Hospital in Dublin, is associated with a lower rate of cesarean delivery than the rate usually found in the United States. We conducted a randomized trial to evaluate the efficacy of this approach in lowering the rate of cesarean section among women delivering their first babies.
4077. Incentive spirometry to prevent acute pulmonary complications in sickle cell diseases.
作者: P S Bellet.;K A Kalinyak.;R Shukla.;M J Gelfand.;D L Rucknagel.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1995年333卷11期699-703页
This study was designed to determine the incidence of thoracic bone infarction in patients with sickle cell diseases who were hospitalized with acute chest or back pain above the diaphragm and to test the hypothesis that incentive spirometry can decrease the incidence of atelectasis and pulmonary infiltrates.
4078. Ketoconazole to reduce the need for cyclosporine after cardiac transplantation.
作者: A Keogh.;P Spratt.;C McCosker.;P Macdonald.;J Mundy.;A Kaan.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1995年333卷10期628-33页
Because ketoconazole can markedly reduce the need for cyclosporine and because it also has antimicrobial properties, it may offer benefits in the treatment of patients after cardiac transplantation.
4079. Effect of pravastatin on outcomes after cardiac transplantation.
作者: J A Kobashigawa.;S Katznelson.;H Laks.;J A Johnson.;L Yeatman.;X M Wang.;D Chia.;P I Terasaki.;A Sabad.;G A Cogert.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1995年333卷10期621-7页
Hypercholesterolemia is common after cardiac transplantation and may contribute to the development of coronary vasculopathy. Pravastatin, a 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor, has been shown to be effective and safe in lowering cholesterol levels after cardiac transplantation. Cell-culture studies using inhibitors of HMG-CoA reductase have suggested an immunosuppressive effect.
4080. Oral ganciclovir as maintenance treatment for cytomegalovirus retinitis in patients with AIDS. Syntex Cooperative Oral Ganciclovir Study Group.
作者: W L Drew.;D Ives.;J P Lalezari.;C Crumpacker.;S E Follansbee.;S A Spector.;C A Benson.;D N Friedberg.;L Hubbard.;M J Stempien.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1995年333卷10期615-20页
Cytomegalovirus retinitis, a sight-threatening infection associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), currently requires lifelong intravenous treatment. An effective oral treatment would be an important advance.
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