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4023. Towards an aetiological classification of schizophrenia.
The genetic contribution to schizophrenia is widely accepted, yet none of the proposed models of transmission has been convincing. Schizophrenia is generally viewed as aetiologically homogeneous with the exception of supposedly rare "phenocopies" associated with organic brain lesions and without a family history. However, up to one-third of schizophrenics have enlarged cerebral ventricles, and this appears to be a consequence of environmental damage. Although the aetiology of schizophrenia comprises genetic and environmental components acting in variable proportions, a simple division into familial and sporadic cases would facilitate research. Families with several ill members will be most valuable for molecular genetic studies, while the new brain imaging techniques should be particularly directed towards sporadic cases.
4032. Outcome for infants of very low birthweight: survey of world literature.
Reports from developed countries world wide describing the outcome for infants of very low birthweight (VLBW, less than or equal to 1500 g) born since 1946 show that, in general, mortality rates and the prevalence of major handicap in survivors were high until 1960. Since then the chances of healthy survival have trebled, whereas the handicap-rate has remained stable and relatively low at 6--8% of VLBW live births.
4038. Defective essential-fatty-acid metabolism in cystic fibrosis.
Cystic fibrosis (C.F.) is characterised by low serum levels of essential fatty acids (E.F.A.). However, the fatty-acid pattern does not totally resemble that of dietary E.F.A. deficiency. The differences suggest a reduction in the desaturation of E.F.S. It is not known whether this defect is the primary lesion in C.F. or is the result of tissue damage in the disease. It is proposed that C.F. patients might have increased linoleic-acid requirements, and possibly specific requirements for its desaturation products.
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