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4021. Efficacy and safety of intracavernosal alprostadil in men with erectile dysfunction. The Alprostadil Study Group.
Erectile dysfunction is a common medical problem affecting many men. Although several intracavernosal therapies are available, their efficacy and safety have not been studied systematically.
4022. A preliminary study of growth hormone in the treatment of dilated cardiomyopathy.
作者: S Fazio.;D Sabatini.;B Capaldo.;C Vigorito.;A Giordano.;R Guida.;F Pardo.;B Biondi.;L Saccà.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1996年334卷13期809-14页
Cardiac hypertrophy is a physiologic response that allows the heart to adapt to an excess hemodynamic load. We hypothesized that inducing cardiac hypertrophy with recombinant human growth hormone might be an effective approach to the treatment of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy, a condition in which compensatory cardiac hypertrophy is believed to be deficient.
4023. Treatment of venous thrombosis with intravenous unfractionated heparin administered in the hospital as compared with subcutaneous low-molecular-weight heparin administered at home. The Tasman Study Group.
作者: M M Koopman.;P Prandoni.;F Piovella.;P A Ockelford.;D P Brandjes.;J van der Meer.;A S Gallus.;G Simonneau.;C H Chesterman.;M H Prins.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1996年334卷11期682-7页
An intravenous course of standard (unfractionated) heparin with the dose adjusted to prolong the activated partial-thromboplastin time to a desired length is the standard initial in-hospital treatment for patients with deep-vein thrombosis, but fixed-dose subcutaneous low-molecular-weight heparin appears to be as effective and safe. Because the latter treatment can be given on an outpatient basis, we compared the two treatments in symptomatic outpatients with proximal-vein thrombosis but no signs of pulmonary embolism.
4024. A comparison of low-molecular-weight heparin administered primarily at home with unfractionated heparin administered in the hospital for proximal deep-vein thrombosis.
作者: M Levine.;M Gent.;J Hirsh.;J Leclerc.;D Anderson.;J Weitz.;J Ginsberg.;A G Turpie.;C Demers.;M Kovacs.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1996年334卷11期677-81页
Patients with acute proximal deep-vein thrombosis are usually treated first in the hospital with intravenous standard (unfractionated) heparin. However, the longer plasma half-life, better bioavailability after subcutaneous administration, and more predictable anticoagulant response of low-molecular-weight heparins make them attractive for possible home use. We compared these two approaches.
4026. Inhaled nitric oxide for high-altitude pulmonary edema.
作者: U Scherrer.;L Vollenweider.;A Delabays.;M Savcic.;U Eichenberger.;G R Kleger.;A Fikrle.;P E Ballmer.;P Nicod.;P Bärtsch.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1996年334卷10期624-9页
Pulmonary hypertension is a hallmark of high-altitude pulmonary edema and may contribute to its pathogenesis. When administered by inhalation, nitric oxide, an endothelium-derived relaxing factor, attenuates the pulmonary vasoconstriction produced by short-term hypoxia.
4027. Recombinant erythropoietin for the treatment of anemia in inflammatory bowel disease.
作者: S Schreiber.;S Howaldt.;M Schnoor.;S Nikolaus.;J Bauditz.;C Gasché.;H Lochs.;A Raedler.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1996年334卷10期619-23页
Some patients with inflammatory bowel disease have anemia that is refractory to treatment with iron and vitamins. We examined whether administering iron and recombinant erythropoietin could raise hemoglobin levels in such patients.
4028. Ragweed immunotherapy in adult asthma.
作者: P S Creticos.;C E Reed.;P S Norman.;J Khoury.;N F Adkinson.;C R Buncher.;W W Busse.;R K Bush.;J Gadde.;J T Li.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1996年334卷8期501-6页
Although allergen immunotherapy is effective for allergic rhinitis, its role in treating asthma is unclear.
4029. Efficacy of pamidronate in reducing skeletal events in patients with advanced multiple myeloma. Myeloma Aredia Study Group.
作者: J R Berenson.;A Lichtenstein.;L Porter.;M A Dimopoulos.;R Bordoni.;S George.;A Lipton.;A Keller.;O Ballester.;M J Kovacs.;H A Blacklock.;R Bell.;J Simeone.;D J Reitsma.;M Heffernan.;J Seaman.;R D Knight.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1996年334卷8期488-93页
Skeletal complications are a major clinical manifestation of multiple myeloma. These complications are caused by soluble factors that stimulate osteoclasts to resorb bone. Bisphosphonates such as pamidronate inhibit osteoclastic activity and reduce bone resorption.
4030. A controlled trial of a two-component acellular, a five-component acellular, and a whole-cell pertussis vaccine.
作者: L Gustafsson.;H O Hallander.;P Olin.;E Reizenstein.;J Storsaeter.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1996年334卷6期349-55页
Because of concern about safety and efficacy, no pertussis vaccine has been included in the vaccination program in Sweden since 1979. To provide data that might permit the reintroduction of a pertussis vaccine, we conducted a placebo-controlled trial of two acellular and one whole-cell pertussis vaccines.
4031. A controlled trial of two acellular vaccines and one whole-cell vaccine against pertussis. Progetto Pertosse Working Group.
作者: D Greco.;S Salmaso.;P Mastrantonio.;M Giuliano.;A E Tozzi.;A Anemona.;M L Ciofi degli Atti.;A Giammanco.;P Panei.;W C Blackwelder.;D L Klein.;S G Wassilak.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1996年334卷6期341-8页
Concern about both safety and efficacy has made the use of whole-cell pertussis vaccines controversial. In some European countries, including Italy, the rate of vaccination against pertussis is low.
4032. A comparison of continuous intravenous epoprostenol (prostacyclin) with conventional therapy for primary pulmonary hypertension.
作者: R J Barst.;L J Rubin.;W A Long.;M D McGoon.;S Rich.;D B Badesch.;B M Groves.;V F Tapson.;R C Bourge.;B H Brundage.;S K Koerner.;D Langleben.;C A Keller.;S Murali.;B F Uretsky.;L M Clayton.;M M Jöbsis.;S D Blackburn.;D Shortino.;J W Crow.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 1996年334卷5期296-301页
Primary pulmonary hypertension is a progressive disease for which no treatment has been shown in a prospective, randomized trial to improve survival.
4033. Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.
作者: L Carlos.;C da Silva.;L Müller.;C da Silva.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1996年334卷4期267-8; author reply 268-9页 4034. Lack of effect of thyroxine in patients with Graves' hyperthyroidism who are treated with an antithyroid drug.
Antithyroid drugs are effective in patients with hyperthyroidism due to Graves' disease, but the rate of recurrence after treatment is high. In a recent Japanese study, adjunctive treatment with thyroxine (T4) was associated with a recurrence rate 20 times lower than that among patients who received only an antithyroid drug. If these results are confirmed, combined therapy with an antithyroid drug and T4 might become the treatment of choice for all patients with Graves' hyperthyroidism.
4035. Prognostic importance of myocardial ischemia detected by ambulatory monitoring early after acute myocardial infarction.
作者: J B Gill.;J A Cairns.;R S Roberts.;L Costantini.;B J Sealey.;E F Fallen.;C W Tomlinson.;M Gent.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1996年334卷2期65-70页
After an acute myocardial infarction, it is important to determine the risk of a subsequent coronary event. We studied the prognostic value of myocardial ischemia detected by ambulatory electrocardiographic (ECG) monitoring in patients who had recently had an acute myocardial infarction.
4036. Preinfarction angina as a predictor of more rapid coronary thrombolysis in patients with acute myocardial infarction.
作者: F Andreotti.;V Pasceri.;D R Hackett.;G J Davies.;A W Haider.;A Maseri.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1996年334卷1期7-12页
When a myocardial infarction is preceded by angina, the infarct tends to be smaller than when there is no preinfarction angina. Prompt recanalization of the occluded infarct-related artery is crucial in limiting the size of the infarct. We prospectively studied the relation among preinfarction unstable angina, the speed of coronary reperfusion, and the size of the infarct in patients with acute myocardial infarction receiving thrombolytic therapy.
4037. Cyclophosphamide and cisplatin compared with paclitaxel and cisplatin in patients with stage III and stage IV ovarian cancer.
作者: W P McGuire.;W J Hoskins.;M F Brady.;P R Kucera.;E E Partridge.;K Y Look.;D L Clarke-Pearson.;M Davidson.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1996年334卷1期1-6页
Chemotherapy combinations that include an alkylating agent and a platinum coordination complex have high response rates in women with advanced ovarian cancer. Such combinations provide long-term control of disease in few patients, however. We compared two combinations, cisplatin and cyclophosphamide and cisplatin and paclitaxel, in women with ovarian cancer.
4038. Reduced incidence of preterm delivery with metronidazole and erythromycin in women with bacterial vaginosis.
作者: J C Hauth.;R L Goldenberg.;W W Andrews.;M B DuBard.;R L Copper.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1995年333卷26期1732-6页
Pregnant women with bacterial vaginosis may be at increased risk for preterm delivery. We investigated whether treatment with metronidazole and erythromycin during the second trimester would lower the incidence of delivery before 37 weeks' gestation.
4039. A clinical trial of the angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor trandolapril in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. Trandolapril Cardiac Evaluation (TRACE) Study Group.
作者: L Køber.;C Torp-Pedersen.;J E Carlsen.;H Bagger.;P Eliasen.;K Lyngborg.;J Videbaek.;D S Cole.;L Auclert.;N C Pauly.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1995年333卷25期1670-6页
Treatment with angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) inhibitors reduces mortality among survivors of acute myocardial infarction, but whether to use ACE inhibitors in all patients or only in selected patients is uncertain.
4040. Treatment with lamivudine, zidovudine, or both in HIV-positive patients with 200 to 500 CD4+ cells per cubic millimeter. North American HIV Working Party.
作者: J J Eron.;S L Benoit.;J Jemsek.;R D MacArthur.;J Santana.;J B Quinn.;D R Kuritzkes.;M A Fallon.;M Rubin.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1995年333卷25期1662-9页
The reverse-transcriptase inhibitor lamivudine has in vitro synergy with zidovudine against the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We studied the activity and safety of lamivudine plus zidovudine as compared with either drug alone as treatment for patients with HIV infection, most of whom had not previously received zidovudine.
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