当前位置: 首页 >> 检索结果
3981. Low-molecular-weight heparin (enoxaparin) as prophylaxis against venous thromboembolism after total hip replacement.
作者: D Bergqvist.;G Benoni.;O Björgell.;H Fredin.;U Hedlundh.;S Nicolas.;P Nilsson.;G Nylander.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1996年335卷10期696-700页
The risk of venous thromboembolism in patients undergoing total hip replacement is known to be high. However, the optimal duration of prophylaxis with anticoagulant agents after this procedure is unknown. We sought to determine whether one month of anticoagulant therapy with the low-molecular-weight heparin enoxaparin is more effective than enoxaparin therapy given only during the hospitalization for surgery.
3982. Decreases in ovarian cytochrome P450c17 alpha activity and serum free testosterone after reduction of insulin secretion in polycystic ovary syndrome.
Insulin resistance and increased ovarian cytochrome P450c17 alpha activity are both features of the polycystic ovary syndrome. P450c17 alpha, which is involved in androgen biosynthesis, has both 17 alpha-hydroxylase and 17,20-lyase activities. Increased activity of this enzyme results in exaggerated conversion of progesterone to 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone in response to stimulation by gonadotrophin. We hypothesized that hyperinsulinemia stimulates ovarian P450c17 alpha activity.
3983. The efficacy of terazosin, finasteride, or both in benign prostatic hyperplasia. Veterans Affairs Cooperative Studies Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Study Group.
作者: H Lepor.;W O Williford.;M J Barry.;M K Brawer.;C M Dixon.;G Gormley.;C Haakenson.;M Machi.;P Narayan.;R J Padley.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1996年335卷8期533-9页
Men with benign prostatic hyperplasia can be treated with alpha 1-adrenergic-antagonist drugs that relax prostatic smooth muscle or with drugs that inhibit 5 alpha-reductase and therefore reduce tissue androgen concentrations. However, the effects of the two types of drugs have not been compared.
3984. Effect of theophylline on sleep-disordered breathing in heart failure.
作者: S Javaheri.;T J Parker.;L Wexler.;J D Liming.;P Lindower.;G A Roselle.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1996年335卷8期562-7页
Theophylline has been used to treat central apnea associated with Cheyne-Stokes respiration (periodic breathing). We studied the effect of short-term oral theophylline therapy on periodic breathing associated with stable heart failure due to systolic dysfunction.
3985. A comparison of multimodal therapy and surgery for esophageal adenocarcinoma.
作者: T N Walsh.;N Noonan.;D Hollywood.;A Kelly.;N Keeling.;T P Hennessy.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1996年335卷7期462-7页
Uncontrolled studies suggest that a combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy improves the survival of patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma. We conducted a prospective, randomized trial comparing surgery alone with combined chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery.
3986. Prophylaxis against disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex with weekly azithromycin, daily rifabutin, or both. California Collaborative Treatment Group.
作者: D V Havlir.;M P Dubé.;F R Sattler.;D N Forthal.;C A Kemper.;M W Dunne.;D M Parenti.;J P Lavelle.;A C White.;M D Witt.;S A Bozzette.;J A McCutchan.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1996年335卷6期392-8页
Azithromycin is active in treating Mycobacterium avium complex disease, but it has not been evaluated as primary prophylaxis in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Because the drug is concentrated in macrophages and has a long half-life in tissue, there is a rationale for once-weekly dosing.
3987. A comparison of two regimens for the treatment of Mycobacterium avium complex bacteremia in AIDS: rifabutin, ethambutol, and clarithromycin versus rifampin, ethambutol, clofazimine, and ciprofloxacin. Canadian HIV Trials Network Protocol 010 Study Group.
作者: S D Shafran.;J Singer.;D P Zarowny.;P Phillips.;I Salit.;S L Walmsley.;I W Fong.;M J Gill.;A R Rachlis.;R G Lalonde.;M M Fanning.;C M Tsoukas.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1996年335卷6期377-83页
Bacteremia with the Mycobacterium avium complex is common in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), but the most effective treatment for this infection remains unclear.
3988. Bone marrow transplantation for sickle cell disease.
作者: M C Walters.;M Patience.;W Leisenring.;J R Eckman.;J P Scott.;W C Mentzer.;S C Davies.;K Ohene-Frempong.;F Bernaudin.;D C Matthews.;R Storb.;K M Sullivan.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1996年335卷6期369-76页
We investigated the risks and benefits of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in children with complications of sickle cell disease.
3989. A randomized trial of clarithromycin as prophylaxis against disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex infection in patients with advanced acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
作者: M Pierce.;S Crampton.;D Henry.;L Heifets.;A LaMarca.;M Montecalvo.;G P Wormser.;H Jablonowski.;J Jemsek.;M Cynamon.;B G Yangco.;G Notario.;J C Craft.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1996年335卷6期384-91页
Disseminated infection with Mycobacterium avium complex is the most common opportunistic infection in patients with advanced stages of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). We studied the efficacy and safety of prophylactic treatment with clarithromycin, a macrolide antibiotic.
3990. Prevention of Jarisch-Herxheimer reactions by treatment with antibodies against tumor necrosis factor alpha.
作者: D Fekade.;K Knox.;K Hussein.;A Melka.;D G Lalloo.;R E Coxon.;D A Warrell.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1996年335卷5期311-5页
In patients with louse-borne relapsing fever (Borrelia recurrentis infection), antimicrobial treatment is often followed by sudden fever, rigors, and persistent hypotension (Jarisch-Herxheimer reactions) that are associated with increases in plasma concentrations of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6, and interleukin-8. We attempted to determine whether sheep polyclonal Fab antibody fragments against TNF-alpha (anti-TNF-alpha Fab) could suppress the Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction.
3991. Comparison of coronary bypass surgery with angioplasty in patients with multivessel disease.
Coronary-artery bypass grafting (CABG) and percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) are alternative methods of revascularization in patients with coronary artery disease. We tested the hypothesis that in selected patients with multivessel disease suitable for treatment with either procedure, an initial strategy of PTCA does not result in a poorer five-year clinical outcome than CABG.
3992. Placental blood as a source of hematopoietic stem cells for transplantation into unrelated recipients.
作者: J Kurtzberg.;M Laughlin.;M L Graham.;C Smith.;J F Olson.;E C Halperin.;G Ciocci.;C Carrier.;C E Stevens.;P Rubinstein.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1996年335卷3期157-66页
Transplantation of bone marrow from unrelated donors is limited by a lack of HLA-matched donors and the risk of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Placental blood from sibling donors can reconstitute hematopoiesis. We report preliminary results of transplantation using partially HLA-mismatched placental blood from unrelated donors.
3993. Endometrial resection for the treatment of menorrhagia.
Endometrial resection is an alternative to hysterectomy in the treatment of women with menorrhagia, but it may not control the condition. We sought to evaluate the effectiveness of such resection.
3994. Thrombolytic therapy with streptokinase in acute ischemic stroke.
In patients with acute ischemic stroke, early treatment with thrombolytic agents is thought to permit reperfusion of ischemic neurons and to promote recovery of function. The Multicenter Acute Stroke Trial-Europe (MAST-E) was designed to assess the efficacy and safety of streptokinase in patients with acute ischemic stroke.
3995. A prospective, randomized trial of autologous bone marrow transplantation and chemotherapy in multiple myeloma. Intergroupe Français du Myélome.
作者: M Attal.;J L Harousseau.;A M Stoppa.;J J Sotto.;J G Fuzibet.;J F Rossi.;P Casassus.;H Maisonneuve.;T Facon.;N Ifrah.;C Payen.;R Bataille.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1996年335卷2期91-7页
The median survival of patients with myeloma after conventional chemotherapy is three years or less. Promising results have been reported with high-dose therapy supported by autologous bone marrow transplantation. We conducted a randomized study comparing conventional chemotherapy and high-dose therapy.
3996. A controlled trial of artemether or quinine in Vietnamese adults with severe falciparum malaria.
作者: T H Tran.;N P Day.;H P Nguyen.;T H Nguyen.;T H Tran.;P L Pham.;X S Dinh.;V C Ly.;V Ha.;D Waller.;T E Peto.;N J White.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1996年335卷2期76-83页
Artemisinin (qinghaosu) and its derivatives are rapidly effective antimalarial drugs derived from a Chinese plant. Preliminary studies suggest that these drugs may be more effective than quinine in the treatment of severe malaria. We studied artemether in Vietnam, where Plasmodium falciparum has reduced sensitivity to quinine.
3997. A trial of artemether or quinine in children with cerebral malaria.
作者: M B van Hensbroek.;E Onyiorah.;S Jaffar.;G Schneider.;A Palmer.;J Frenkel.;G Enwere.;S Forck.;A Nusmeijer.;S Bennett.;B Greenwood.;D Kwiatkowski.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1996年335卷2期69-75页
Cerebral malaria has a mortality rate of 10 to 30 percent despite treatment with parenteral quinine, a situation that may worsen with the spread of quinine resistance. Artemether is a new antimalarial agent that clears parasites from the circulation more rapidly than quinine, but its effect on mortality is unclear.
3998. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (co-trimoxazole) for the prevention of relapses of Wegener's granulomatosis. Dutch Co-Trimoxazole Wegener Study Group.
Respiratory tract infections may trigger relapses in patients with Wegener's granulomatosis in remission. Uncontrolled data have suggested that treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (co-trimoxazole) may be beneficial.
3999. The effects of supraphysiologic doses of testosterone on muscle size and strength in normal men.
作者: S Bhasin.;T W Storer.;N Berman.;C Callegari.;B Clevenger.;J Phillips.;T J Bunnell.;R Tricker.;A Shirazi.;R Casaburi.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1996年335卷1期1-7页
Athletes often take androgenic steroids in an attempt to increase their strength. The efficacy of these substances for this purpose is unsubstantiated, however.
4000. Treatment of septic shock with the tumor necrosis factor receptor:Fc fusion protein. The Soluble TNF Receptor Sepsis Study Group.
作者: C J Fisher.;J M Agosti.;S M Opal.;S F Lowry.;R A Balk.;J C Sadoff.;E Abraham.;R M Schein.;E Benjamin.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1996年334卷26期1697-702页
A recombinant, soluble fusion protein that is a dimer of an extracellular portion of the human tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor and the Fc portion of IgG1 (TNFR:Fc) binds and neutralizes TNF-alpha and prevents death in animal models of bacteremia and endotoxemia.
|