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381. Sepsis-Induced Cardiomyopathy: Mechanism, Prevalence, Assessment, Prognosis, and Management.
作者: Ryota Sato.;Filippo Sanfilippo.;Michael Lanspa.;Abhijit Duggal.;Siddharth Dugar.
来源: Chest. 2025年168卷6期1383-1394页
Sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy (SICM) is a heterogeneous cardiovascular dysfunction associated with sepsis and septic shock. Although traditionally defined by reversible left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction, recent evidence has revealed a broader spectrum, including LV diastolic dysfunction, hyperdynamic LV systolic states, and right ventricular (RV) injury, occurring independently or in combination. Despite their prognostic significance, these phenotypes remain underrecognized and understudied.
382. Implementing a Precision Medicine Thoracic Service Using In-House Reflex Testing in a Large Academic-Community Practice.
作者: Debora S Bruno.;Matthew M Mirsky.;Andrea L Donner.;Shelby R Kopp.;Mehul Jani.;Wadad Mneimneh.;Jennifer M Yoest.;Seunghee P Margevicius.;John Shanahan.;Pingfu Fu.;Melinda L Hsu.;Qian Wang.;Lauren S Chiec.;Giselle A Dutcher.;Sean Cho.;Afshin Dowlati.;Johnie Rose.;Navid Sadri.
来源: Chest. 2026年169卷1期280-290页
Broad genomic testing is necessary to treat patients with stage IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This article describes a NSCLC precision medicine service at an academic-community practice and provides model-based estimates of the impact of a similar intervention.
383. The Dose-Response of Inhaled Corticosteroids in Combination Inhaled Corticosteroid/Long Acting Beta2-Agonist Maintenance Therapy for Asthma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
作者: Jonathan H Noble.;Samantha Warhurst.;Ryan Cullen.;Ross Sayers.;Francesca Lynch.;Joseph Kulathinal.;Mark Weatherall.;Richard W Beasley.
来源: Chest. 2025年168卷6期1304-1316页
High doses of a maintenance inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) in asthma may achieve only modest additional clinical benefit beyond low-to-medium doses and are associated with an increased risk of adverse systemic effects. The ICS dose-response relationship when administered as maintenance combination ICS/long-acting beta2-agonist (LABA) therapy is uncertain.
384. Comparison of Underlying Risk of Developing and Dying From Lung Cancer in Screened Populations.
作者: M Patricia Rivera.;Thad Benefield.;Danielle D Durham.;Jennifer L Lund.;Daniel S Reuland.;Li C Cheung.;Lindsay M Lane.;Hormuzd A Katki.;Louise M Henderson.
来源: Chest. 2026年169卷1期291-299页
Trial participants typically are healthier than the general population. Differences in underlying characteristics between the population undergoing lung cancer screening (LCS) and LCS trial participants may alter the benefits of LCS.
386. OSA in Women: Associations With Reproductive Aging and Screening Challenges.
作者: Galit Levi Dunietz.;Ronald D Chervin.;Riva Tauman.;Sigal Shaklai.;Abdulghani Sankari.
来源: Chest. 2026年169卷3期803-812页
OSA is a common, chronic sleep disorder affecting up to 49% of men and 23% of women, yet it remains highly underdiagnosed. Sex-specific prevalence and OSA phenotype suggests that affected women, here referring to adult females, are comparatively more likely to experience certain symptoms, such as insomnia and mood disturbances, and less likely to have loud snoring and observed apneas. Sex differences in symptom presentation may contribute to OSA underdiagnosis in women because traditional diagnostic criteria and clinical assessments often prioritize symptoms more common in men. This review highlights reproductive aging as an overlooked risk factor for OSA, independent of aging, and describes resultant barriers and inequities in OSA screening.
387. An Inventory of Clinical Sarcoidosis Status in the United States.
作者: Kerry M Hena.;Briana Barkes.;Fabian Heinrich.;Rebecca Kogan.;Rachel K Strykowski.;Ogugua Ndili Obi.;Marc A Judson.;Lisa A Maier.;Karen C Patterson.; .
来源: Chest. 2026年169卷1期159-173页
The landscape of sarcoidosis in the United States is unclear, which makes it difficult to optimize the allocation of health care resources, clinical care programs, and research activities for sites that specialize in sarcoidosis.
388. The Consistency of Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure Case Definitions in Electronic Health Record Data.
作者: Brian W Locke.;W Wayne Richards.;Ramkiran Gouripeddi.;Jeanette P Brown.;Dustin Anderson-Bell.;Joseph Finkelstein.;Krishna M Sundar.;Ithan D Peltan.;Samuel M Brown.
来源: Chest. 2026年169卷1期230-243页
Several studies suggest a high prevalence and disease burden associated with hypercapnic respiratory failure of any cause in emergency department (ED) and inpatient settings. However, these studies use different case definitions. The consistency and validity of these case definitions have not been assessed.
389. Ceftriaxone to Prevent Early-Onset Pneumonia in Comatose Patients Following Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial and Resistome Assessment (PROTECT).
作者: David J Gagnon.;Kristin M Burkholder.;Alexandra J Weissman.;Richard R Riker.;Sergey Ryzhov.;Teresa L May.;John DiPalazzo.;Joanne T deKay.;Lacey Knudsen.;Meagan W Moore.;Nicholas A Pozzessere.;Mary Weatherbee.;Muriel Kelly.;Adane S Nigatu.;Joseph L Sevigny.;Stephen Simpson.;W Kelley Thomas.;Clifton W Callaway.;Bram J Geller.;Douglas B Sawyer.;David B Seder.
来源: Chest. 2026年169卷1期115-127页
Antibiotic prophylaxis following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) reduces early-onset pneumonia. However, it has an uncertain impact on mortality and noninfectious outcomes, with ongoing concerns about the subsequent development of antibiotic resistance.
390. Intermittent Asthma and Risk of Severe Exacerbation in Children.
作者: Shahid Sheikh.;Mariah Eisner.;Kelin Wheaton.;Joshua Kilbarger.;Lisa Ulrich.;Sabrina Palacios.;Karen S McCoy.
来源: Chest. 2026年169卷1期41-51页
Because of risk of severe asthma exacerbations, current Global Initiative for Asthma recommendations advise against use of short-acting beta-agonists (SABAs) alone as the first step in treating mild asthma. It is unclear if everyone with mild asthma carries equal risk for severe asthma exacerbations.
391. Procedure Patterns and Survival in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer With Malignant Airway Obstruction: A Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Medicare Analysis.
作者: Septimiu D Murgu.;Meijia Zhou.;Balaji Laxmanan.;Charlene A Wong.;Tony B Amos.;Iftekhar Kalsekar.;Anil Vachani.
来源: Chest. 2026年169卷2期538-549页
Malignant airway obstruction (MAO) is a common, debilitating complication in advanced lung cancer. Therapeutic bronchoscopy is successfully applied to manage MAO. MAO recurs and requires repeat procedures.
392. Inflammatory and Mucociliary Dysfunction-Based Endotypes Across the Spectrum of Chronic Airway Diseases.
作者: Erin Cant.;Mathieu Bottier.;Morven Shuttleworth.;Jamie Stobo.;Lidia Perea.;Simon Finch.;Merete Long.;Hollian Richardson.;Daniela Alferes de Lima Headley.;Jeffrey T J Huang.;Amelia Shoemark.;James D Chalmers.
来源: Chest. 2025年168卷6期1317-1329页
There is substantial overlap between features of COPD, asthma, bronchiectasis, and cystic fibrosis (CF). Each is characterized by inflammation and mucociliary dysfunction.
393. Failure to Report Sex-Specific Risk Factors in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction Research: A Scoping Review.
作者: Kathryn A Drury.;Josie A Seeto.;Serena Hong.;Michael A Wewege.;Amanda D Hagstrom.
来源: Chest. 2026年169卷1期174-178页
Despite research identifying clear sex-specific differences in the risk profile for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), these risk factors are typically not reported in "participant characteristics" of heart failure research. This leads to an incomplete understanding of how and why female individuals are heavily predisposed to developing HFpEF.
394. Artificial Intelligence-Based Echocardiography in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.
作者: Bettia Celestin.;Shadi P Bagherzadeh.;Everton Santana.;Matthew Frost.;Mathias Iversen.;Frida N Hermansson.;Andrew Sweatt.;Roham T Zamanian.;Yoran M Hummel.;Gabriela Gomez Rendon.;Joseph Yen.;Marinella Sandros.;Michael Salerno.;Francois Haddad.
来源: Chest. 2026年169卷1期207-219页
Echocardiography is central when assessing pulmonary hypertension (PH), but manual interpretation can be time-consuming and prone to error.
396. Association of Hypoxic Burden With Cardiovascular Events: A Risk Stratification Analysis of the Randomized Intervention With CPAP in Coronary Artery Disease and Sleep Apnea Cohort.
作者: Yüksel Peker.;Yeliz Celik.;Andrey Zinchuk.;Scott A Sands.;Susan Redline.;Ali Azarbarzin.
来源: Chest. 2025年168卷6期1481-1493页
The apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), the standard measure of OSA, has limitations in reflecting disease severity.
397. Contemporary Trends in Pediatric Extubation Failure and Noninvasive Respiratory Support Use.
作者: Jeremy M Loberger.;Mitchell Moore.;Matthew Scanlon.;Robinder G Khemani.;Samer Abu-Sultaneh.;Colin M Rogerson.
来源: Chest. 2026年169卷1期106-114页
Prolonged invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) is associated with morbidity and mortality in children. Timely extubation is essential and must balance the competing risks of extubation failure (EF) and prolonged use of noninvasive respiratory support after extubation.
398. Geographical Distribution of Phase II/III Pharmaceutical Randomized Controlled Trials in Adults With Interstitial Lung Disease.
作者: Mingkun Guan.;Emma Marshall.;Sadhana Sughesh.;Hong Ye.;Christopher J Ryerson.;Yet H Khor.
来源: Chest. 2026年169卷1期148-158页
Pharmaceutical randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are critical for advancing treatments in interstitial lung disease (ILD). This study evaluated the global distribution of pharmaceutical RCTs of ILD and their associations with country-specific features.
399. Association Between Hospital Safety-Net Status and Delivery of Rehabilitation to Older Adults With Acute Respiratory Failure.
作者: Jose Victor Jimenez.;Lingxiao Zhang.;Zhenqiu Lin.;Lauren E Ferrante.;Jason R Falvey.;Allan J Walkey.;Harlan M Krumholz.;Snigdha Jain.
来源: Chest. 2026年169卷1期94-105页
Older adults with socioeconomic disadvantage experience greater decline in function and cognition after critical illness, an adverse outcome potentially preventable through mobilization. Whether safety-net hospitals (SNHs) that serve the highest proportions of patients with socioeconomic disadvantage are less likely to deliver rehabilitation during hospitalization with stay in the ICU is unknown.
400. Mortality Outcomes and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor Use in Patients With Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis.
作者: Burcu Ozaltin.;Robert Chapman.;Tine Follet.;Marie Vermant.;Muhammad Qummer Ul Arfeen.;Natalie Fitzpatick.;Harry Hemingway.;Wim Wuyts.;Kenan Direk.;Joseph Jacob.
来源: Chest. 2026年169卷1期139-147页
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are widely used antihypertensive agents with proven cardioprotective effects. Previous mechanistic and clinical studies have suggested that ACE inhibitor therapy may slow disease progression and reduce mortality in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).
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