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381. Oral Simnotrelvir for Adult Patients with Mild-to-Moderate Covid-19.
作者: Bin Cao.;Yeming Wang.;Hongzhou Lu.;Chaolin Huang.;Yumei Yang.;Lianhan Shang.;Zhu Chen.;Rongmeng Jiang.;Yihe Liu.;Ling Lin.;Ping Peng.;Fuxiang Wang.;Fengyun Gong.;Honglin Hu.;Cong Cheng.;Xiangyang Yao.;Xianwei Ye.;Hourong Zhou.;Yinzhong Shen.;Chenfan Liu.;Chunying Wang.;Zhennan Yi.;Bijie Hu.;Jiuyang Xu.;Xiaoying Gu.;Jingshan Shen.;Yechun Xu.;Leike Zhang.;Jia Fan.;Renhong Tang.;Chen Wang.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2024年390卷3期230-241页
Simnotrelvir is an oral 3-chymotrypsin-like protease inhibitor that has been found to have in vitro activity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and potential efficacy in a phase 1B trial.
382. Azithromycin during Routine Well-Infant Visits to Prevent Death.
作者: Ali Sié.;Mamadou Ouattara.;Mamadou Bountogo.;Valentin Boudo.;Thierry Ouedraogo.;Guillaume Compaoré.;Clarisse Dah.;Cheik Bagagnan.;Elodie Lebas.;Huiyu Hu.;Jessica Rice.;Travis C Porco.;Benjamin F Arnold.;Thomas M Lietman.;Catherine E Oldenburg.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2024年390卷3期221-229页
Mass distribution of azithromycin to children 1 to 59 months of age has been shown to reduce childhood all-cause mortality in some sub-Saharan African regions, with the largest reduction seen among infants younger than 12 months of age. Whether the administration of azithromycin at routine health care visits for infants would be effective in preventing death is unclear.
383. Long-Term Outcomes of Resynchronization-Defibrillation for Heart Failure.
作者: John L Sapp.;Soori Sivakumaran.;Calum J Redpath.;Habib Khan.;Ratika Parkash.;Derek V Exner.;Jeff S Healey.;Bernard Thibault.;Laurence D Sterns.;Nhat Hung N Lam.;Jaimie Manlucu.;Ahmed Mokhtar.;Glen Sumner.;Stuart McKinlay.;Shane Kimber.;Blandine Mondesert.;Mario Talajic.;Jean Rouleau.;C Elizabeth McCarron.;George Wells.;Anthony S L Tang.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2024年390卷3期212-220页
The Resynchronization-Defibrillation for Ambulatory Heart Failure Trial (RAFT) showed a greater benefit with respect to mortality at 5 years among patients who received cardiac-resynchronization therapy (CRT) than among those who received implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs). However, the effect of CRT on long-term survival is not known.
384. Testosterone Treatment and Fractures in Men with Hypogonadism.
作者: Peter J Snyder.;Douglas C Bauer.;Susan S Ellenberg.;Jane A Cauley.;Kevin A Buhr.;Shalender Bhasin.;Michael G Miller.;Nader S Khan.;Xue Li.;Steven E Nissen.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2024年390卷3期203-211页
Testosterone treatment in men with hypogonadism improves bone density and quality, but trials with a sufficiently large sample and a sufficiently long duration to determine the effect of testosterone on the incidence of fractures are needed.
385. Two Randomized Trials of Low-Dose Calcium Supplementation in Pregnancy.
作者: Pratibha Dwarkanath.;Alfa Muhihi.;Christopher R Sudfeld.;Blair J Wylie.;Molin Wang.;Nandita Perumal.;Tinku Thomas.;Shabani M Kinyogoli.;Mohamed Bakari.;Ryan Fernandez.;John-Michael Raj.;Ndeniria O Swai.;Nirmala Buggi.;Rani Shobha.;Mary M Sando.;Christopher P Duggan.;Honorati M Masanja.;Anura V Kurpad.;Andrea B Pembe.;Wafaie W Fawzi.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2024年390卷2期143-153页
The World Health Organization recommends 1500 to 2000 mg of calcium daily as supplementation, divided into three doses, for pregnant persons in populations with low dietary calcium intake in order to reduce the risk of preeclampsia. The complexity of the dosing scheme, however, has led to implementation barriers.
386. Efficacy and Safety of Acoramidis in Transthyretin Amyloid Cardiomyopathy.
作者: Julian D Gillmore.;Daniel P Judge.;Francesco Cappelli.;Marianna Fontana.;Pablo Garcia-Pavia.;Simon Gibbs.;Martha Grogan.;Mazen Hanna.;James Hoffman.;Ahmad Masri.;Mathew S Maurer.;Jose Nativi-Nicolau.;Laura Obici.;Steen Hvitfeldt Poulsen.;Frank Rockhold.;Keyur B Shah.;Prem Soman.;Jyotsna Garg.;Karen Chiswell.;Haolin Xu.;Xiaofan Cao.;Ted Lystig.;Uma Sinha.;Jonathan C Fox.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2024年390卷2期132-142页
Transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy is characterized by the deposition of misfolded monomeric transthyretin (TTR) in the heart. Acoramidis is a high-affinity TTR stabilizer that acts to inhibit dissociation of tetrameric TTR and leads to more than 90% stabilization across the dosing interval as measured ex vivo.
387. Repotrectinib in ROS1 Fusion-Positive Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.
作者: Alexander Drilon.;D Ross Camidge.;Jessica J Lin.;Sang-We Kim.;Benjamin J Solomon.;Rafal Dziadziuszko.;Benjamin Besse.;Koichi Goto.;Adrianus Johannes de Langen.;Jürgen Wolf.;Ki Hyeong Lee.;Sanjay Popat.;Christoph Springfeld.;Misako Nagasaka.;Enriqueta Felip.;Nong Yang.;Vamsidhar Velcheti.;Shun Lu.;Steven Kao.;Christophe Dooms.;Matthew G Krebs.;Wenxiu Yao.;Muhammad Shaalan Beg.;Xiufeng Hu.;Denis Moro-Sibilot.;Parneet Cheema.;Shanna Stopatschinskaja.;Minal Mehta.;Denise Trone.;Armin Graber.;Gregory Sims.;Yong Yuan.;Byoung Chul Cho.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2024年390卷2期118-131页
The early-generation ROS1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) that are approved for the treatment of ROS1 fusion-positive non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have antitumor activity, but resistance develops in tumors, and intracranial activity is suboptimal. Repotrectinib is a next-generation ROS1 TKI with preclinical activity against ROS1 fusion-positive cancers, including those with resistance mutations such as ROS1 G2032R.
388. Effects of Cooking with Liquefied Petroleum Gas or Biomass on Stunting in Infants.
作者: William Checkley.;Lisa M Thompson.;Sheela S Sinharoy.;Shakir Hossen.;Lawrence H Moulton.;Howard H Chang.;Lance Waller.;Kyle Steenland.;Ghislaine Rosa.;Alexie Mukeshimana.;Florien Ndagijimana.;John P McCracken.;Anaité Díaz-Artiga.;Kalpana Balakrishnan.;Sarada S Garg.;Gurusamy Thangavel.;Vigneswari Aravindalochanan.;Stella M Hartinger.;Marilú Chiang.;Miles A Kirby.;Aris T Papageorghiou.;Usha Ramakrishnan.;Kendra N Williams.;Laura Nicolaou.;Michael Johnson.;Ajay Pillarisetti.;Joshua Rosenthal.;Lindsay J Underhill.;Jiantong Wang.;Shirin Jabbarzadeh.;Yunyun Chen.;Victor G Dávila-Román.;Luke P Naeher.;Eric D McCollum.;Jennifer L Peel.;Thomas F Clasen.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2024年390卷1期44-54页
Household air pollution is associated with stunted growth in infants. Whether the replacement of biomass fuel (e.g., wood, dung, or agricultural crop waste) with liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) for cooking can reduce the risk of stunting is unknown.
389. Liquefied Petroleum Gas or Biomass Cooking and Severe Infant Pneumonia.
作者: Eric D McCollum.;John P McCracken.;Miles A Kirby.;Laura M Grajeda.;Shakir Hossen.;Lawrence H Moulton.;Suzanne M Simkovich.;Dina Goodman-Palmer.;Ghislaine Rosa.;Alexie Mukeshimana.;Kalpana Balakrishnan.;Gurusamy Thangavel.;Sarada S Garg.;Adly Castañaza.;Lisa M Thompson.;Anaite Diaz-Artiga.;Aris T Papageorghiou.;Victor G Davila-Roman.;Lindsay J Underhill.;Stella M Hartinger.;Kendra N Williams.;Laura Nicolaou.;Howard H Chang.;Amy E Lovvorn.;Joshua P Rosenthal.;Ajay Pillarisetti.;Wenlu Ye.;Luke P Naeher.;Michael A Johnson.;Lance A Waller.;Shirin Jabbarzadeh.;Jiantong Wang.;Yunyun Chen.;Kyle Steenland.;Thomas F Clasen.;Jennifer L Peel.;William Checkley.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2024年390卷1期32-43页
Exposure to household air pollution is a risk factor for severe pneumonia. The effect of replacing biomass cookstoves with liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) cookstoves on the incidence of severe infant pneumonia is uncertain.
390. Nirsevimab for Prevention of Hospitalizations Due to RSV in Infants.
作者: Simon B Drysdale.;Katrina Cathie.;Florence Flamein.;Markus Knuf.;Andrea M Collins.;Helen C Hill.;Friedrich Kaiser.;Robert Cohen.;Didier Pinquier.;Christian T Felter.;Natalya C Vassilouthis.;Jing Jin.;Mathieu Bangert.;Karine Mari.;Rapi Nteene.;Sophie Wague.;Michelle Roberts.;Pierre Tissières.;Simon Royal.;Saul N Faust.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2023年389卷26期2425-2435页
The safety of the monoclonal antibody nirsevimab and the effect of nirsevimab on hospitalizations for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-associated lower respiratory tract infection when administered in healthy infants are unclear.
391. Dual Antiplatelet Treatment up to 72 Hours after Ischemic Stroke.
作者: Ying Gao.;Weiqi Chen.;Yuesong Pan.;Jing Jing.;Chunjuan Wang.;S Claiborne Johnston.;Pierre Amarenco.;Philip M Bath.;Lingling Jiang.;Yingying Yang.;Tingting Wang.;Shangrong Han.;Xia Meng.;Jinxi Lin.;Xingquan Zhao.;Liping Liu.;Jinguo Zhao.;Ying Li.;Yingzhuo Zang.;Shuo Zhang.;Hongqin Yang.;Jianbo Yang.;Yuanwei Wang.;Dali Li.;Yanxia Wang.;Dongqi Liu.;Guangming Kang.;Yongjun Wang.;Yilong Wang.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2023年389卷26期2413-2424页
Dual antiplatelet treatment has been shown to lower the risk of recurrent stroke as compared with aspirin alone when treatment is initiated early (≤24 hours) after an acute mild stroke. The effect of clopidogrel plus aspirin as compared with aspirin alone administered within 72 hours after the onset of acute cerebral ischemia from atherosclerosis has not been well studied.
392. Doxycycline Prophylaxis to Prevent Sexually Transmitted Infections in Women.
作者: Jenell Stewart.;Kevin Oware.;Deborah Donnell.;Lauren R Violette.;Josephine Odoyo.;Olusegun O Soge.;Caitlin W Scoville.;Victor Omollo.;Felix O Mogaka.;Fredericka A Sesay.;R Scott McClelland.;Matthew Spinelli.;Monica Gandhi.;Elizabeth A Bukusi.;Jared M Baeten.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2023年389卷25期2331-2340页
Doxycycline postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) has been shown to prevent sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among cisgender men and transgender women, but data from trials involving cisgender women are lacking.
393. Efficacy and Safety of an mRNA-Based RSV PreF Vaccine in Older Adults.
作者: Eleanor Wilson.;Jaya Goswami.;Abdullah H Baqui.;Pablo A Doreski.;Gonzalo Perez-Marc.;Khalequ Zaman.;Jorge Monroy.;Christopher J A Duncan.;Mugen Ujiie.;Mika Rämet.;Lina Pérez-Breva.;Ann R Falsey.;Edward E Walsh.;Rakesh Dhar.;Lauren Wilson.;Jiejun Du.;Parinaz Ghaswalla.;Archana Kapoor.;Lan Lan.;Shraddha Mehta.;Runa Mithani.;Catherine A Panozzo.;Alana K Simorellis.;Barbara J Kuter.;Florian Schödel.;Wenmei Huang.;Caroline Reuter.;Karen Slobod.;Sonia K Stoszek.;Christine A Shaw.;Jacqueline M Miller.;Rituparna Das.;Grace L Chen.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2023年389卷24期2233-2244页
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) can cause substantial morbidity and mortality among older adults. An mRNA-based RSV vaccine, mRNA-1345, encoding the stabilized RSV prefusion F glycoprotein, is under clinical investigation.
394. Daratumumab, Bortezomib, Lenalidomide, and Dexamethasone for Multiple Myeloma.
作者: Pieter Sonneveld.;Meletios A Dimopoulos.;Mario Boccadoro.;Hang Quach.;P Joy Ho.;Meral Beksac.;Cyrille Hulin.;Elisabetta Antonioli.;Xavier Leleu.;Silvia Mangiacavalli.;Aurore Perrot.;Michele Cavo.;Angelo Belotti.;Annemiek Broijl.;Francesca Gay.;Roberto Mina.;Inger S Nijhof.;Niels W C J van de Donk.;Eirini Katodritou.;Fredrik Schjesvold.;Anna Sureda Balari.;Laura Rosiñol.;Michel Delforge.;Wilfried Roeloffzen.;Tobias Silzle.;Annette Vangsted.;Hermann Einsele.;Andrew Spencer.;Roman Hajek.;Artur Jurczyszyn.;Sarah Lonergan.;Tahamtan Ahmadi.;Yanfang Liu.;Jianping Wang.;Diego Vieyra.;Emilie M J van Brummelen.;Veronique Vanquickelberghe.;Anna Sitthi-Amorn.;Carla J de Boer.;Robin Carson.;Paula Rodriguez-Otero.;Joan Bladé.;Philippe Moreau.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2024年390卷4期301-313页
Daratumumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting CD38, has been approved for use with standard myeloma regimens. An evaluation of subcutaneous daratumumab combined with bortezomib, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone (VRd) for the treatment of transplantation-eligible patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma is needed.
395. Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Therapy Guided by Measurable Residual Disease.
作者: Talha Munir.;David A Cairns.;Adrian Bloor.;David Allsup.;Kate Cwynarski.;Andrew Pettitt.;Shankara Paneesha.;Christopher P Fox.;Toby A Eyre.;Francesco Forconi.;Nagah Elmusharaf.;Ben Kennedy.;John Gribben.;Nicholas Pemberton.;Oonagh Sheehy.;Gavin Preston.;Anna Schuh.;Renata Walewska.;Lelia Duley.;Dena Howard.;Anna Hockaday.;Sharon Jackson.;Natasha Greatorex.;Sean Girvan.;Sue Bell.;Julia M Brown.;Nichola Webster.;Surita Dalal.;Ruth de Tute.;Andrew Rawstron.;Piers E M Patten.;Peter Hillmen.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2024年390卷4期326-337页
The combination of ibrutinib and venetoclax has been shown to improve outcomes in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) as compared with chemoimmunotherapy. Whether ibrutinib-venetoclax and personalization of treatment duration according to measurable residual disease (MRD) is more effective than fludarabine-cyclophosphamide-rituximab (FCR) is unclear.
396. Mirvetuximab Soravtansine in FRα-Positive, Platinum-Resistant Ovarian Cancer.
作者: Kathleen N Moore.;Antoine Angelergues.;Gottfried E Konecny.;Yolanda García.;Susana Banerjee.;Domenica Lorusso.;Jung-Yun Lee.;John W Moroney.;Nicoletta Colombo.;Andrzej Roszak.;Jacqueline Tromp.;Tashanna Myers.;Jeong-Won Lee.;Mario Beiner.;Casey M Cosgrove.;David Cibula.;Lainie P Martin.;Renaud Sabatier.;Joseph Buscema.;Purificación Estévez-García.;Lan Coffman.;Shibani Nicum.;Linda R Duska.;Sandro Pignata.;Fernando Gálvez.;Yuemei Wang.;Michael Method.;Anna Berkenblit.;Diana Bello Roufai.;Toon Van Gorp.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2023年389卷23期2162-2174页
Mirvetuximab soravtansine-gynx (MIRV), a first-in-class antibody-drug conjugate targeting folate receptor α (FRα), is approved for the treatment of platinum-resistant ovarian cancer in the United States.
397. Baricitinib and β-Cell Function in Patients with New-Onset Type 1 Diabetes.
作者: Michaela Waibel.;John M Wentworth.;Michelle So.;Jennifer J Couper.;Fergus J Cameron.;Richard J MacIsaac.;Gabby Atlas.;Alexandra Gorelik.;Sara Litwak.;Laura Sanz-Villanueva.;Prerak Trivedi.;Simi Ahmed.;Francis J Martin.;Madeleine E Doyle.;Jessica E Harbison.;Candice Hall.;Balasubramanian Krishnamurthy.;Peter G Colman.;Leonard C Harrison.;Helen E Thomas.;Thomas W H Kay.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2023年389卷23期2140-2150页
Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors, including baricitinib, block cytokine signaling and are effective disease-modifying treatments for several autoimmune diseases. Whether baricitinib preserves β-cell function in type 1 diabetes is unclear.
398. Intravenous Levothyroxine for Unstable Brain-Dead Heart Donors.
作者: Rajat Dhar.;Gary F Marklin.;W Dean Klinkenberg.;Jinli Wang.;Charles W Goss.;Abhijit V Lele.;Clark D Kensinger.;Paul A Lange.;Daniel J Lebovitz.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2023年389卷22期2029-2038页
Hemodynamic instability and myocardial dysfunction are major factors preventing the transplantation of hearts from organ donors after brain death. Intravenous levothyroxine is widely used in donor care, on the basis of observational data suggesting that more organs may be transplanted from donors who receive hormonal supplementation.
399. A Placebo-Controlled Trial of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Stable Angina.
作者: Christopher A Rajkumar.;Michael J Foley.;Fiyyaz Ahmed-Jushuf.;Alexandra N Nowbar.;Florentina A Simader.;John R Davies.;Peter D O'Kane.;Peter Haworth.;Helen Routledge.;Tushar Kotecha.;Reto Gamma.;Gerald Clesham.;Rupert Williams.;Jehangir Din.;Sukhjinder S Nijjer.;Nick Curzen.;Neil Ruparelia.;Manas Sinha.;Jason N Dungu.;Sashiananthan Ganesananthan.;Ramzi Khamis.;Lal Mughal.;Tim Kinnaird.;Ricardo Petraco.;James C Spratt.;Sayan Sen.;Joban Sehmi.;David J Collier.;Afzal Sohaib.;Thomas R Keeble.;Graham D Cole.;James P Howard.;Darrel P Francis.;Matthew J Shun-Shin.;Rasha K Al-Lamee.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2023年389卷25期2319-2330页
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is frequently performed to reduce the symptoms of stable angina. Whether PCI relieves angina more than a placebo procedure in patients who are not receiving antianginal medication remains unknown.
400. Arginine or Hypertonic Saline-Stimulated Copeptin to Diagnose AVP Deficiency.
作者: Julie Refardt.;Cihan Atila.;Irina Chifu.;Emanuele Ferrante.;Zoran Erlic.;Juliana B Drummond.;Rita Indirli.;Roosmarijn C Drexhage.;Clara O Sailer.;Andrea Widmer.;Susan Felder.;Andrew S Powlson.;Nina Hutter.;Deborah R Vogt.;Mark Gurnell.;Beatriz S Soares.;Johannes Hofland.;Felix Beuschlein.;Martin Fassnacht.;Bettina Winzeler.;Mirjam Christ-Crain.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2023年389卷20期1877-1887页
Distinguishing between arginine vasopressin (AVP) deficiency and primary polydipsia is challenging. Hypertonic saline-stimulated copeptin has been used to diagnose AVP deficiency with high accuracy but requires close sodium monitoring. Arginine-stimulated copeptin has shown similar diagnostic accuracy but with a simpler test protocol. However, data are lacking from a head-to-head comparison between arginine-stimulated copeptin and hypertonic saline-stimulated copeptin in the diagnosis of AVP deficiency.
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