Both CDK2 (cyclin-dependent kinase 2) and EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) play significant roles in the development and progression of colorectal cancer. In vitro studies of several hydroxyxanthone derivatives for the treatment of WiDr cancer cell lines have revealed potential anticancer activity against colorectal cancer. The present study aims to identify hydroxyxanthone derivatives as potential drug candidates for colorectal cancer treatment through an in silico approach.

A key element of computational drug discovery is the precise prediction of drug-gene interactions, particularly when working with intricate biological systems where relational dependencies are essential. Because biological networks are graph-structured, traditional machine learning techniques frequently fall short. Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have emerged as a viable approach for learning meaningful representations from this data type in response to this challenge. In this study, three state-of-the-art GNN architectures Graph Convolutional Networks (GCN), Graph Attention Networks (GAT), and GraphSAGE are comprehensively compared using a bipartite graph constructed from drug-target biochemical activity data.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a genetically heterogeneous malignancy. However, the immune microenvironment-including immune checkpoint pathways and metabolic regulators also plays a pivotal role in disease progression.

Cervical cancer is the second leading cause of mortality in women globally, with its incidence increasing due to multidrug resistance (MDR) and adverse side effects associated with chemotherapeutic agents. Hence, this study was carried out to investigate the selective cytotoxicity and apoptotic induction potential of Buddleja polystachya leaf diethyl ether (BPL-DE) extract on cervical cancer HeLa cell lines.

Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) in patients with lung cancer (LC) is poorly characterized, due to its predominance in hematologic malignancies, creating a gap in both recognition and management strategies.

This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of [68Ga]Ga-FAPI PET imaging in breast, ovarian, and cervical cancers by conducting a systematic review of the existing literature.

The aim of the study was to determine how the chemotherapeutic alkylating agent dacarbazine, together with the application of the miR-204-5p mimic in vivo, affects the presence of disseminated melanoma cells in distant organs - the lungs and liver.

Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) represents the most common special subtype of breast cancer. Studies show challenges with imaging, surgical therapy, and systemic therapy selection, arguing for the need for improved treatment personalization for this histologic subtype of breast cancer. While standard imaging tools have decreased sensitivity for ILC, newer imaging approaches may be more effective in both early and advanced disease settings. Surgical treatment is notable for high rate of positive margins and need for more extensive surgery; this may be mitigated by improved imaging and incorporation of particular techniques. While endocrine therapy remains the mainstay of treatment for most patients with ILC, the unique molecular characteristics of this tumor type may provide targets for new therapeutic approaches. The preponderance of data supports the need for ILC specific studies and trials.

IgD multiple myeloma is an exceptionally rare subtype, accounting for less than 2% of all multiple myeloma cases.

Beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) is commonly used in pregnancy detection and as a tumor marker for reproductive system cancers.

Brain metastases arise from the spread of cancer cells from tumors residing outside the brain. Immunotherapy and molecularly targeted therapeutics have improved outcomes for some patients with brain metastases, but many patients are still faced with a dismal prognosis. The inability to effectively treat these tumors and improve patient survival highlights the dire need for improved therapeutic strategies that ultimately depend on developing a greater understanding of the molecular underpinnings and inner wiring of these tumors. In this Review, we discuss current and emerging insights into the genetics and cellular signaling pathways that contribute to the spread of tumors to the brain. We also discuss potential therapeutic targets in the metabolic vulnerabilities of cells that metastasize to the brain and in the interactions between metastases and the microenvironment.

Colorectal cancer liver metastasis (CRLM) presents considerable challenges in both diagnosis and prognosis, as conventional approaches often are limited by subjectivity, variability, and limited efficiency. Recent advances in deep learning have shown great potential for automated extraction of pathological features, offering improved diagnostic accuracy and more reliable prognostic predictions.

Shared decision-making remains underutilized in patients with advanced cancer, despite its proven importance and ongoing efforts to improve its implementation. The influence of communication patterns during consultations on the limited application of shared decision-making in daily clinical practice is not yet well understood. This study explores communication patterns in medical decision-making consultations between patients with advanced cancer and medical oncologists.

Social determinants of health (SDOH) and health-related social needs (HRSN) impact cancer outcomes, yet few programs systematically address these needs. We examined the feasibility of routine assessment of SDOH/HRSN within a clinical metastatic breast cancer (MBC) program and subsequent linkage to support services.

Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma (KHE) is a rare vascular neoplasm predominantly affecting pediatric human patients and has rarely been reported in veterinary medicine. We described the clinicopathological features of an uncommon gastroduodenal junction KHE in a 2-year-old male cat presented with a history of intermittent vomiting, acutely worsening over 48 h. Imaging and endoscopic evaluation revealed complete pyloric obstruction caused by an infiltrative mass with enlarged regional lymph nodes, which were surgically excised and examined histologically and immunohistochemically. Specimens were routinely processed and stained using Hematoxylin and Eosin and Masson's Trichrome. Immunohistochemical analysis was made using an extended panel of endothelial markers, including Erythroblastosis Transformation-Specific Regulated Gene (ERG) and caveolin-1 (Cav-1), which, to the authors' knowledge, have not previously been applied in feline vascular tumors, in addition to von Willebrand Factor (vWF) and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). Histologically, the gastroduodenal junction exhibited transmural infiltration by a poorly delimited mass composed of spindle cells organized in short fascicles with slit-like vascular lumina, and a swirling growth pattern conferring a glomeruloid morphology. Neoplastic endothelial cells demonstrated immunoreactivity for von Willebrand factor, ERG and Cav-1 and were surrounded by α-SMA positive cells, supporting the diagnosis of KHE. Gastric lymph nodes displayed marked sclerosis and lymphoid atrophy. The cat showed no recurrence or metastasis one year after surgery. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a gastroduodenal KHE in animals. This report highlights the value of expanded immunohistochemical panels in differentiating KHE from other vascular lesions and suggests a possible paraneoplastic fibrotic response within regional lymph nodes.

Mucosal melanoma (MM) represents a rare malignancy in Caucasian populations but constitutes one of the predominant melanoma subtypes among non-Caucasian ethnic groups. Due to its anatomic occult nature, a significant proportion of patients with MM present with advanced-stage disease at diagnosis. Characterized by distinct genomic profiles and an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, MM exhibits suboptimal responses to current targeted drugs and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Combination immunotherapy can overcome immune evasion by enhancing the infiltration of tumor-specific antigen-reactive T lymphocytes, thereby exhibiting potentiated anti-tumor activity. However, the rarity of MM has posed significant barriers to better understanding immunotherapy resistance mechanisms and investigating novel therapies. Consequently, there is a critical unmet need for establishing standardized treatment guidelines to improve survival outcomes in advanced MM. This article comprehensively reviews current status in the treatment of advanced MM. It also discusses potential future directions for treatment based on recent advances from clinical trials and basic research.

Role of environmental fungi and Aspergillus fumigatus in respiratory diseases remains evident; however, its contribution to directly influencing lung cancer progression remains obscure. In this study, we investigated the effect of Aspergillus fumigatus extract (AFE) on the development of tumor-promoting characteristics in human lung cancer cell lines. The organism was distinguished based on Lactophenol Cotton Blue staining and further distinguished with protein expression patterns via SDS-PAGE and BCA analysis. A549 and H1299 lung adenocarcinoma human cell lines were challenged with AFE, and various cellular responses were monitored simultaneously for cell viability, proliferative activity, inflammatory gene expression, DNA damage expression, and migratory responses. AFE caused increased cell viability and exhibited cellular characteristics of highly proliferating cells with significant expression of Cyclin D1 and c-MYC. Highly inflammatory gene expression responses and protein expressions of AKT, ERK1/2, and NF-κB signaling pathways were noticed at both the gene and protein expression levels with NF-κB nuclear translocation verified with confocal microscopy studies. DNA damage expression markers like γ-H2AX, p-ATM, and p53 significantly contributed with observable genomic DNA cleavage. Additionally, AFE-exposed cells exhibited faster wound closure and expression of Epithelial-mesenchymal transition-associated factors contributing to cell migration and therapeutic efficacy of this combined approach needs further investigation and development into a targeting therapeutic agent against lung cancer.

To develop a prognostic prediction model for early-stage triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) using H&E-stained pathological images and to investigate its underlying biological interpretability.

CD8+ T cell-mediated immune escape is a key mechanism in tumor progression. GPC3 has an impact on the progression of various tumors. However, its potential function and regulatory mechanism in the immune escape of gastric cancer (GC) are still unclear. GC clinical samples were collected to assess the expression of GPC3. The impact of GPC3 on GC prognosis was analyzed by bioinformatics analysis. CCK-8, colony formation, flow cytometry, and Transwell were utilized to detect changes in GC cell viability, proliferation, antiapoptosis, migration, and invasion ability. According to bioinformatics analysis, the linkage between N6 m6A modification, protein interactions, ubiquitination, and transcriptional regulation was revealed. The m6A modification effect of YTHDF1 on GPC3 was verified through MeRIP, RIP, RNA-pull-down assays, and multiribosome experiments. CO-IP and immunofluorescence were undertaken to validate the interaction between GPC3 and MUL1. The effect of GPC3 and MUL1 on HSF1 ubiquitination was assessed by the in vitro ubiquitination assay. Moreover, the transcriptional activation effect of HSF1 on CD276 was examined through ChIP and dual luciferase experiments. We constructed a co-culture system of tumor cells and CD8+T cells, detected CD8+T cell proliferation using CFSE, assessed cell toxicity using LDH, and evaluated the cytotoxicity of CD8+T cells by detecting the secretion of killing factors using ELISA. Finally, an allograft mouse model was constructed to validate the therapeutic effect of targeting GPC3 and CD276 monoclonal antibodies. Combining bioinformatics analysis, clinical sample testing, and cell experiments, it was confirmed that GPC3 was highly upregulated in GC, boosting malignant progression such as GC cell viability, proliferation, and antiapoptosis, and affecting the poor prognosis of GC. Mechanistically, YTHDF1 mediated m6A methylation to reinforce GPC3 translation. GPC3 interacted with MUL1 to repress ubiquitination degradation of HSF1, and HSF1 enhanced transcriptional activation of the immune checkpoint CD276. GPC3 depressed the antitumor activity of CD8+T cells through the MUL1/HSF1/CD276 axis, mediating GC tumor immune escape. YTHDF1 upregulates the expression of GPC3 in GC in an m6A-dependent manner. GPC3 interacts with MUL1 to depress the ubiquitination degradation of HSF1, thereby upregulating the immune checkpoint CD276 and affecting GC immune escape.

Background MR fingerprinting (MRF) has shown utility in focal prostate lesion characterization as a complement to standard prostate MRI. Purpose To determine the utility of a rapid, B1-insensitive MRF technique, combined with standard diffusion MRI, in the characterization of focal prostate lesions in the peripheral zone (PZ), with MRI-guided transrectal US fusion biopsy-derived histopathologic analysis as the reference standard. Materials and Methods Between February 2021 and April 2024, consecutive adults with clinical suspicion of prostate cancer (PCa) who had not undergone biopsy underwent MRI, including rapid, B1-insensitive MRF (15 seconds per section) on a 3.0-T MRI unit. T1 and T2 from MRF and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) from diffusion MRI were assessed as independent variables to differentiate clinically significant PCa (csPCa) from clinically insignificant lesions (CILs) (benign lesions and Gleason score of ≤3 + 3 PCa). Both univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses with receiver operating characteristic curve analyses were performed to calculate the area under the receiver operating curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity. Results Fifty-two males (mean age, 65 years ± 11 [SD]) with 51 PZ lesions (Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System version 2.1, score ≥3) were included. The mean T2 and ADC were lower for csPCa (n = 22) than for CILs (n = 29) (T2, 56 msec ± 12 vs 80 msec ± 20, respectively [P < .001]; ADC, 668 × 10-6 mm2/sec ± 111 vs 876 × 10-6 mm2/sec ± 181, respectively [P < .001]). At univariable analyses, an optimal T2 cutoff of 58 msec yielded an AUC of 0.87 (95% CI: 0.76, 0.97) (sensitivity, 73% [16 of 22]; specificity, 93% [27 of 29]), whereas an ADC cutoff of 761 × 10-6 mm2/sec yielded an AUC of 0.83 (95% CI: 0.71, 0.95) (sensitivity, 82% [18 of 22]; specificity, 79% [23 of 29]). A multivariable model incorporating both T2 and ADC achieved a higher AUC (AUC, 0.90; 95% CI: 0.81, 1.00; P < .001). Further improvement in diagnostic performance was observed when serum prostate-specific antigen density (PSAD) was included (AUC, 0.94; 95% CI: 0.86, 1.0; P = .01). Conclusion Rapid, B1-insensitive prostate MRF-derived T1 and T2 combined with ADC and serum PSAD improved PCa characterization in the PZ. © RSNA, 2026 Supplemental material is available for this article. See also the editorial by Margolis and Gulani in this issue.