Determining optimal management of colorectal polyps in patients with limited life expectancy of under 10 years can be difficult, due to challenges balancing an uncertain natural history of polyp progression to symptomatic malignancy versus the increased risk and consequences of polypectomy complications.

There is no effective drug treatment for the organ failure (OF) caused by severe acute pancreatitis (SAP).

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are characterised by dysbiosis and a leaky gut. The NADPH oxidase dual oxidase 2 (DUOX2) is upregulated in patients with IBD, yet its role in driving the disease remains unclear.

IBD is a chronic inflammatory condition driven by complex genetic and immune interactions, yet preclinical models often fail to fully recapitulate all aspects of the human disease. A systematic comparison of commonly used IBD models is essential to identify conserved molecular mechanisms and improve translational relevance.

Fibrolamellar carcinoma (FLC), a rare and fatal liver cancer lacking effective drug therapy, is driven by the DNAJ-PKAc fusion oncoprotein. However, the underlying mechanism of DNAJ-PKAc's role in FLC tumour growth remains enigmatic.

Precision cancer risk stratification for gastric cancer is urgently needed for the growing number of healthy people after Helicobacter pylori eradication. The epimutation burden in non-malignant tissues has been associated with cancer risk in multiple cross-sectional studies.

Colonoscopy is among the standard tests for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening. However, uptake varies, and alternatives such as colon capsule endoscopy (CCE) are available. The uptake and detection rate of clinically significant neoplasia with CCE, compared with colonoscopy, remain unclear in this setting.

Injured or reactive biliary epithelial cells participate in most chronic liver injuries in a process referred to as ductular reaction, which involves multicellular interactions with marked local infiltration of macrophages and fibrogenic cell activation. The direct roles of biliary epithelial cells in shaping their cellular niche remain unknown.

A rise in paediatric cases of acute hepatitis of unknown origin (AHUO) was observed in 2022, some requiring liver transplantation. A link to adeno-associated virus 2 infection and CD4+T-cell mediated disease was reported in cohorts in the UK and USA but does not explain all cases.

Recommendations for the first postpolypectomy surveillance colonoscopy (SC1), based on stratifying postpolypectomy colorectal cancer (CRC) risk, are well established. Limited data inform recommendations for surveillance beyond SC1.

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic inflammatory liver disease which, if untreated, often leads to cirrhosis, liver failure and death. The last British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG) guideline for the management of AIH was published in 2011. Since then, our understanding of AIH has advanced in many areas. This update to the previous guideline was commissioned by the BSG and developed by a multidisciplinary group. The aim of this guideline is to review and summarise the current evidence, in order to inform and guide diagnosis and management of patients with AIH and its variant syndromes. The main focus is on AIH in adults, but the guidelines should also be relevant to older children and adolescents.

Development of diffuse-type gastric cancer (DGC) starts with intramucosal lesions that are primarily composed of differentiated, non-proliferative signet ring cells (SRCs). These indolent lesions can advance into highly proliferative and metastatic tumours, which requires suppression of DGC cell differentiation.

In primary care, National Institute for Health and Care Excellence suspected cancer guidelines recommend measuring faecal haemoglobin (f-Hb) if colorectal cancer (CRC) is suspected, with a referral threshold of ≥10 µg Hb/g faeces defining a 3% risk, but most have a normal colonoscopy.

Alcohol-associated hepatitis (AH) is an acute form of alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) with high mortality rate. AH is histologically characterised by cellular processes, including steatosis, inflammation and cell death. Apoptosis is the most studied form of cell death in AH; however, the role of cellular senescence, another response to cellular injury, in AH is unknown. Here, we explore the mechanisms of ALD pathophysiology and describe the role of senescence in AH.

Survival rates after a diagnosis of cancer are improving. Poorly managed gastrointestinal (GI) side effects can interfere with delivery of curative cancer treatment. Long-term physical side effects of cancer therapy impinge on quality of life in up to 25% of those treated for cancer, and GI side effects are the most common and troublesome.

Chronic liver disease is a cluster of disorders associated with complex haemodynamic alterations, which is characterised by structural and functional disruptions of the intrahepatic and extrahepatic vasculature. 'Vasomics' is an emerging omics discipline that comprehensively analyses and models the vascular system by integrating pathophysiology of disease, biomechanics, medical imaging, computational science and artificial intelligence. Vasomics is further typified by its multidimensional, multiscale and high-throughput nature, which depends on the rapid and robust extraction of well-defined vascular phenotypes with clear clinical and/or biological interpretability. By leveraging multimodality medical imaging techniques, vascular functional assessments, pathological image evaluation, and related computational methods, integrated vasomics provides a deeper understanding of the associations between the vascular system and disease. This in turn reveals the crucial role of the vascular system in disease occurrence, progression and treatment responses, thereby supporting precision medicine approaches. Pathological vascular features have already demonstrated their key role in different clinical scenarios. Despite this, vasomics is yet to be widely recognised. Therefore, we furnished a comprehensive definition of vasomics providing a classification of existing hepatic vascular phenotypes into the following categories: anatomical, biomechanical, biochemical, pathophysiological and composite.

24-Nor-ursodeoxycholic acid (NorUDCA) is a novel therapeutic bile acid for treating immune-mediated cholestatic liver diseases, such as primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC).

Quantifying systemic inflammation (SI) in acutely decompensated cirrhosis (ADC) is of major importance because SI is a driver of the most severe forms of ADC, including acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF). Blood biomarkers of SI already evaluated in ADC failed to appropriately assess SI in ADC. We aimed to investigate whether gene expression related to circulating immune cells could quantify SI in ADC.