Airway inflammation is a hallmark feature of asthma characterized by elevated eosinophils and/or neutrophils. Eosinophils in sputum can contribute to ventilation defects. The functional consequence of other types of cellularity on ventilation is unknown.

Pulmonary embolism (PE) is one of the leading causes of pregnancy-related deaths in high-income countries. Maternal mortality from PE has been attributed to delayed recognition and investigations. The diagnosis of PE may be challenging, as its early signs and symptoms may overlap with physiological changes of pregnancy. As such, promptly ruling out suspected PE using diagnostic testing is of paramount importance. This narrative review provides a contemporary overview of risk assessment tools, diagnostic modalities, counseling needs, and existing best practice guidance for the diagnosis of PE in pregnancy.

Accurate risk prediction of exacerbations is pivotal in severe asthma management. Multiple risk factors are at play, but the pathway of risk prediction remains unclear.

Despite the significant health and economic burden associated with OSA among civilians, little is known about this burden among active-duty military personnel.

Preserved ratio impaired spirometry (PRISm) is regarded as a COPD precursor, but whether this varies by smoking status remains unclear.

A 7-year-old girl was referred to our vascular anomaly center for further evaluation of multiple lung nodules. These nodules were incidentally detected on a CT scan during hospitalization for treatment of mycoplasma pneumonia at another hospital. The biopsy results suggested the possibility of vascular tumors. Physical examination revealed clear breath sounds without rales. Furthermore, no skin lesions or other positive signs were observed. The patient was not receiving supplemental oxygen. Before she came to our center, the patient had received antibiotic treatment for mycoplasma pneumonia. The CT scan after recovery revealed that the multiple nodules in both lungs persisted despite the resolution of the infection.

With rising interest in centralized lung cancer screening (LCS), synthesizing evidence to estimate its impact on annual adherence is critical for aligning practice with guideline recommendations.

More than 600,000 adults in the United States experience an out-of-hospital or in-hospital cardiac arrest each year. Following resuscitation from cardiac arrest, most patients receive mechanical ventilation. The oxygenation target that optimizes neurologic outcomes following cardiac arrest is uncertain.

It remains challenging to safely and reliably biopsy peripheral pulmonary lesions (PPLs). Robotic-assisted bronchoscopy (RAB) is gaining adoption for navigation to PPLs. However, evidence from large studies remains limited.

Long-term real-world data on clinical remission in patients with severe eosinophilic asthma (SEA) receiving biologics are lacking. We describe clinical remission over 2 years in patients with SEA receiving benralizumab.

Studies have reported estimates of the economic and health burden of COPD. They have been limited largely to current-day estimates or relatively short-term future projections.

Among 1 billion patients worldwide with OSA, 90% remain undiagnosed. The main barrier to diagnosis is the overnight polysomnogram, which requires specialized equipment, skilled technicians, and inpatient beds available only in tertiary sleep centers. Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) have enabled OSA detection using breathing sound recordings.

A 70-year-old woman who formerly used tobacco was referred for evaluation of a lung nodule incidentally discovered during hematologic follow-up. Her medical history was notable for a stage IV follicular lymphoma (G2/G3A stage IV, for pleural and perinephric involvement, FLIPI4) in September 2022, for which she received 6 courses of obinutuzumab plus bendamustine. After the second cycle of therapy, an increase in transaminases was detected; the subsequent diagnostic workup showed a positive real-time polymerase chain reaction blood test for human herpesvirus 6 DNA with more than 13,000 copies/mL. The human herpesvirus 6 infection was successfully treated with acyclovir, followed by normalization of liver enzymes. The treatment was then completed regularly, obtaining a complete metabolic response. One month after completing therapy, the patient developed systemic cytomegalovirus infection with associated pneumonia, requiring 3 weeks of hospitalization. Considering the severity of the infectious event, a further maintenance with obinutuzumab was excluded. Persistent cytomegalovirus-DNA levels necessitated valganciclovir. Sustained neutropenia partially improved with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor administration.

Airway mucus plugs are frequently identified on CT scans of patients with COPD and are associated with worse airflow obstruction and higher mortality. However, the association between airway mucus plugs and the risk of acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD) has not been extensively studied.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and progressive pulmonary fibrosis (PPF) are chronic fibrosing interstitial lung diseases associated with irreversible loss of lung function and early mortality. Admilparant (BMS-986278) is an oral lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1 antagonist under development for treatment of IPF and PPF.

Whether the choice of ventilator mode affects outcomes for critically ill patients is unknown.

Despite the widespread adoption of lung-protective ventilation strategies, mortality among patients receiving invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) remains high. Mechanical power (MP) integrates various variables responsible for ventilator-induced lung injury and has been associated with mortality in patients with ARDS. However, the impact of MP on ICU mortality in the larger group of patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (AHRF) has not been well established, and previous studies have reported inconsistent thresholds for predicting outcomes.