Studies relating diaphragm thickening fraction (DTF), delta esophageal pressure (dPes), and weaning outcomes are lacking in critically ill children.

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a group of hereditary connective tissue disorders characterized by frequent fractures. Although cardiopulmonary impairment is a leading cause of mortality in the OI population, our understanding of the etiology of cardiopulmonary issues in OI remains limited.

Marijuana has been increasing in popularity. Asthma is an inflammatory airway disease that can cause a range of respiratory symptoms. Currently, there are extremely limited studies on the effects of marijuana use on asthma attacks.

Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) is a severe manifestation of pulmonary chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGvHD) that occurs in around 10% of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) recipients and confers poor prognosis with survival rates at 5-years of less than 50%. Post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy) has emerged as an effective GvHD prophylaxis that reduces overall cGvHD incidence, but its specific impact on BOS risk remains unclear.

Pulmonary nodules are frequently detected on low dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening for lung cancer, though the majority are benign. Nodules detected on follow-up scans may be new or show interval growth since baseline.

Burnout is characterized by emotional exhaustion, reduced personal accomplishment, and increased depersonalization. Over half of physicians, nurses, and allied health professionals report substantial burnout, with consequences including decreased empathy and quality of care, increased medical errors and healthcare costs. Team-based care, common in chronic respiratory conditions such as cystic fibrosis (CF), may be protective.

Computed tomography (CT) and point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) have demonstrated utility after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), but their diagnostic yield and impact after in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) are unclear.

Sepsis is a devastating condition with frequent discharge to non-home settings such as skilled nursing facilities. Bundled payment incentive programs targeting sepsis have tried to encourage lower spending by avoiding discharge to institutional post-acute care.

Sleep apnea (SA), a widespread disorder linked to heart disease, affects over 1 billion people globally. While PM2.5 is suspected to worsen this condition, the specific role of individual PM2.5 constituents-how genetics might amplify their harm-remains unclear.

Low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening reduces lung cancer mortality, the leading cause of cancer deaths globally. Segmentation-free deep learning (DL) models such as Sybil can improve screening efficiency but require extensive validation and possible improvement.

Pulmonary aspergilloma are characterized by a fungal ball that forms in a pre-existing lung cavity. While many patients remain asymptomatic, others may develop progressive symptoms including cough, hemoptysis, weight loss, fever, and, in severe cases, death. Management is often complex and highly patient-centered, ranging from routine surveillance in stable patients to invasive procedural or surgical approaches in those with more severe disease. Systemic antifungal therapy is generally not indicated for stable, asymptomatic simple aspergilloma, but may be considered in select scenarios such as symptomatic or progressive disease in non-surgical candidates, peri-procedural/perioperative settings or when overlapping CPA phenotypes (e.g., CCPA) are suspected. However, despite the significant morbidity and mortality associated with pulmonary mycetoma, there is a paucity in our understanding of their natural course, optimal treatment modalities and duration, appropriate follow-up plan and prognostication. Consequently, clinical decision-making is frequently based on clinician experience or institutional protocols. In this article, we provide a comprehensive review of pulmonary aspergilloma and its management, with the goal of presenting a practical and evidence-based framework to support clinicians in the evaluation and treatment of this chronic fungal disease.

Methamphetamine is a potent central nervous system stimulant that is highly addictive. Although methamphetamine use has historically been localized to the Western United States Census region, its reach has been growing, and methamphetamine use is now expanding throughout the United States and the world. Methamphetamine is now considered a definite cause of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Despite being one of the fastest growing causes of pulmonary arterial hypertension, recommendations to guide the care of patients with methamphetamine-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension have not been published. This review focuses on the care of patients with methamphetamine-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension. It provides a practical approach to care which incorporates pharmacologic therapy in conjunction with harm reduction strategies as well as support from ancillary services such as addiction medicine and social work.

A 14-year-old boy with no significant medical history presented to the emergency department with a sudden onset of debilitating left-sided chest pain and severe dyspnea. The symptoms began acutely while he was at rest, approximately 1 hour before arrival. During a coughing fit, he expectorated a small amount of clear, watery, and distinctly bitter-tasting fluid. His medical background was unremarkable, with no history of prior respiratory symptoms, asthma, smoking, recent trauma, or chronic illnesses. The patient lives in a rural village, has no travel history, and has no special dietary habits that would predispose him to a different diagnosis.

A 52-year-old woman presented with a 5-month history of significant unintentional weight loss and anorexia, along with a more recent 2-week history of low-grade fever, progressive dyspnea, and dry cough. She denied hemoptysis, chest pain, wheezing, night sweats, or other systemic concerns. Her medical history was unremarkable, with no history of TB or atopic conditions. She was immunocompetent, with no known comorbidities or exposure to immunosuppressive agents or any long-term medications. She also denied any concerns suggestive of connective tissue disease. She was a wheat and sugarcane farmer, with no history of exposure to smoking, biomass fuel, occupational chemical exposure, recent travel, drug intake, or animal contact. She was a lifelong vegetarian, with no history of consumption of raw or undercooked meat or fish. She received a course of empirical antibiotics with no improvement in symptoms.

Trastuzumab-deruxtecan (T-DXd) is an antibody-drug conjugate associated with interstitial pneumonitis, affecting over 15% of patients receiving treatment. Initial management for grade 3/4 pneumonitis includes stopping the drug and administering high-dose steroids, but there is minimal guidance on additional treatment for steroid-refractory cases. We present a case of a 49-year-old woman with metastatic breast cancer who developed grade 4 pneumonitis after T-DXd treatment, who responded well to IV immunoglobulin (IVIG) after failing to respond to high-dose IV methylprednisolone. Most case reports and retrospective analyses to date have been done in pneumonitis associated with checkpoint inhibitors. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of a patient with steroid-refractory T-DXd pneumonitis positively responding to IVIG treatment. IVIG represents an attractive option as adjunctive therapy, given its minimal side effect profile compared with intensive immunosuppression. Further evidence is needed to help guide clinicians in managing drug-induced pneumonitis, including with T-DXd.

A 77-year-old woman had a 6-mm right upper lobe nodule that was under surveillance. It had originally been detected on a CT pulmonary angiogram to investigate breathlessness.

A 17-year-old male patient, suffering from pulmonary TB and undergoing treatment for the past 4 months, was referred to our institute for further evaluation of potential isoniazid-induced toxicity. The patient reported experiencing left arm pain for the past 2 months, which began gradually and worsened progressively. Initially, the pain was characterized by tingling and numbness, but it developed into severe burning sensations. The patient sought treatment at a local hospital, where the initial impression was that of isoniazid-induced neuropathy. He was managed with pain relief medications, multivitamins, and pyridoxine. Despite this treatment, the patient's pain did not subside and continued to worsen. His ability to grasp objects with his left hand was affected, significantly interfering with his daily activities.

To provide an expert consensus framework for standardizing lung ultrasound training for neonatologists.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and its hypoxia-related consequences are associated with an increased lung cancer risk.

Dual phosphodiesterase (PDE) 3 and 4 inhibitors have emerged as a novel therapeutic strategy for COPD, but their applicability remains limited to specific treatment contexts. To our knowledge, TQC3721 is a novel inhaled dual PDE3 and PDE4 inhibitor with synergistic bronchodilator and antiinflammatory effects.