The value of endoscopic versus microsurgical approach has not yet been defined in transsphenoidal pituitary adenoma surgery. In this study, we compare both methods and analyze the long-term surgical, radiological, endocrinological, ophthalmological, and rhinological results as well as the patients' quality of life.

Background The optimal treatment of patients with oligometastatic breast cancer and the methods for selecting individuals who may benefit from metastasis-directed therapies are controversial. Purpose To determine the prevalence of oligometastatic disease (OMD; defined as five or fewer distant metastases) in patients with locally advanced breast cancer initially staged at fluorine 18 (18F) fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT or at CT and bone scintigraphy (CTBS), and to compare patterns of local-regional and distant metastatic disease. Materials and Methods This is a post hoc analysis of data from a prospective, multicenter randomized trial including participants with stage IIb (T3N0) or III invasive ductal carcinoma in the breast between December 2016 and April 2022. Participants were randomized for staging at 18F-FDG PET/CT or at conventional chest, abdomen, and pelvis CTBS. The prevalence of OMD, sites of distant metastases, and extent of local-regional disease were compared using the χ2 test or Fisher exact test. Logistic regression was used to assess the association between imaging and disease extent, with P < .05 indicating a statistically significant difference. Results The study included 369 participants (mean age, 53 years ± 13 [SD]). OMD was more common on 18F-FDG PET/CT scans (19 of 180; 11%; 95% CI: 6.9, 15.9) than on CTBS scans (eight of 185; 4%; 95% CI: 2.2, 8.3; P = .03). Polymetastatic disease (more than five distant metastases) was also more common on 18F-FDG PET/CT scans (24 of 180; 13%) than on CTBS scans (13 of 185; 7%; P = .04). Patients with OMD that was depicted on 18F-FDG PET/CT and CTBS scans had axillary lymph node metastases, but 18F-FDG PET/CT helped to detect extra-axillary regional lymphadenopathy, extra-regional lymph node metastases, and liver metastases more frequently than did CTBS (six of 19 [32%] vs one of eight [13%], three of 19 [16%] vs 0 of eight [0%], and six of 19 [32%] vs one of eight [13%], respectively; P = .63, .53, and .63, respectively). Conclusion At patient presentation, 18F-FDG PET/CT helped to detect OMD in more than one in 10 participants with locally advanced breast cancer, which was more than 2.5 times more often than CTBS, and 18F-FDG PET/CT helped to detect more extensive local-regional metastatic disease. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02751710 © RSNA, 2025 Supplemental material is available for this article. See also the editorial by Ulaner in this issue.

Options remain limited for patients requiring later lines of therapy for metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (mNSCLC) due to poor prognosis and potential toxicities. Therefore, trials of novel combinations of existing therapeutic candidates are warranted. Here, we report robust interim analysis results from the MORPHEUS-Lung study in immune checkpoint inhibitor (CPI)-exposed patients with non-squamous mNSCLC and without targetable gene mutations.

For women aged 70 years or older with oestrogen receptor-positive HER2-negative invasive breast cancer, hormonotherapy is a standard adjuvant treatment, while the role of chemotherapy is debated. We aimed to assess the effect of adjuvant chemotherapy on overall survival in these older patients with high-risk tumours according to a prognostic genomic signature.

ClinicalTrials.gov number: NCT01777152.

A low serum testosterone can prolong the time needed for PSA to exceed normal and prompt a work-up to rule out prostate cancer (PC), delaying diagnosis. We evaluated PC aggressiveness at diagnosis and PC-specific and all-cause mortality (PCSM, ACM)-risk within comorbidity subgroups in patients with low versus normal testosterone.

Structured clinical interviews, such as the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM (SCID), are considered the gold standard for diagnosing mental disorders but are challenging in routine clinical use due to their length. Therefore, screening instruments to identify the need for further assessment are required. The National Comprehensive Cancer Network Distress Thermometer (DT) screens for psychological distress, while the Emotional Functioning (EF) scale of the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core (EORTC QLQ-C30) assesses emotional functioning. Both are frequently used in clinical routine. Additionally, three brief screening questions (TSQ), specifically developed for patients with glioma and integrated into doctor-patient consultations, may also be used for screening. This study aimed to evaluate the ability of the three tools to identify patients with psychiatric comorbidities as diagnosed by the SCID.

Ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is essential for evaluating thyroid nodules but often yields inadequate samples, leading to repeated procedures, increased discomfort, and higher costs. Previous non-randomized studies found promising results of spinal needles to improve diagnostic adequacy. Therefore, we conducted a multicenter randomized controlled trial to validate these findings.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a novel, simple internal traction method using a hemoclip, suture, and rubber band during endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for colonic lesions.

EGFR inhibition, combined with chemotherapy, forms a mainstay of treatment of first-line RAS wild-type (RASwt) metastatic CRC (mCRC). We compared the anti-EGFR antibody, A140, with cetuximab (both combined with chemotherapy) for RASwt mCRC.

Cancer immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is a pivotal treatment for cancers, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). ICIs are often associated with adverse events (AEs), including immune-related AEs (irAEs). Bojungikki-tang (BJIKT), a traditional herbal medicine, has immunomodulatory properties and may alleviate fatigue and inflammation in patients with advanced cancer.In this multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled pilot trial, we evaluated the safety and potential effects of BJIKT on fatigue, muscle loss, and immune response in patients with advanced NSCLC undergoing atezolizumab monotherapy.

Intravenous anticancer treatments present challenges for patients and healthcare professionals (HCPs), prompting the development of subcutaneous formulations. In the phase 3 PALOMA-3 study, subcutaneous amivantamab demonstrated noninferior pharmacokinetics and response rates versus intravenous amivantamab (both with lazertinib), with substantially faster administration, a 5-fold reduction in infusion-related reactions, reduced venous thromboembolism, and numerically prolonged survival.

Adequate nutrition can mitigate side-effects and improve recovery for patients with locally advanced head-and-neck squamous cell cancer (LAHNSCC), while malnourishment can increase morbidity and mortality. We aimed to evaluate the baseline nutritional status of patients with LAHNSCC planned for curative chemoradiotherapy (CRT), the evolution of nutritional status during the course of CRT and to assess whether nutrition impacted their clinical outcomes.

A single measurement or a summary of a limited number of measurements of CA125 was considered in the prediction of clinical outcomes for patients with ovarian cancer. We aimed to identify the classes of patients with advanced ovarian cancer based on their CA125 trajectory and to investigate the heterogeneity of clinical outcomes among the patients in the different classes.

Perineal wound complications after abdominoperineal resection (APR) for low rectal cancer remain a significant challenge. Effective reconstruction methods are critical to reducing morbidity and improving outcomes.

Optimizing irradiation volumes and evaluating the effect of dose escalation on total and fractionated doses are critical for improving outcomes in high-grade glioma (HGG).

Patients with cancer commonly access cannabis hoping to relieve their symptoms. This study assessed whether a 1:1 10 mg/ml THC:CBD combination oil could improve total symptom burden in patients with advanced cancer over that provided by palliative care alone.

This post hoc analysis of the SUNLIGHT trial sought to assess the response to treatment with trifluridine/tipiracil (FTD/TPI) + bevacizumab and FTD/TPI in patients with refractory metastatic colorectal cancer using tumor shrinkage (TS), early TS (ETS), duration of TS (DTS) and depth of response (DpR) as response-related parameters.

In this study, we compared the performance of gadobutrol and meglumine gadoterate, two macrocyclic non-ionic and ionic contrast agents, for evaluating quantitative perfusion parameters of pituitary macroadenomas using dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI). Patients with pituitary macroadenomas were prospectively enrolled and randomly assigned to be administered gadobutrol or meglumine gadoterate for MRI. Perfusion parameters of the pituitary macroadenoma, including Ktrans, Kep, Ve, and Vp, were measured using DCE-MRI. In total, 60 patients (mean age: 59.7 ± 13.7 years; 40 men) were evaluated. The non-inferiority test confirmed that gadobutrol was comparable to meglumine gadoterate for measuring the Ktrans of the pituitary macroadenoma. Kep was significantly higher with gadobutrol (P = 0.001) irrespective of tumor functional status and aggressiveness. Ktrans, Ve, and Vp and pre- and post-contrast T1-signal intensities of the tumor did not differ significantly for contrast agents. Perfusion parameters were not significantly associated with diagnostic performance in distinguishing the tumor functional status (P > 0.05). In summary, gadobutrol is non-inferior to meglumine gadoterate for the Ktrans measurement of pituitary macroadenomas. However, gadobutrol may lead to higher Kep, regardless of tumor functional status and aggressiveness. Awareness of this variation is crucial to preventing misinterpretation of vascular dynamics in pituitary macroadenomas.

Modakafusp alfa (TAK-573) is a novel, first-in-class fusion protein of a humanized anti-CD38 IgG4 kappa antibody fused to attenuated human interferon alfa-2b. It acts as an agonistic innate immunity enhancer through targeted interferon (IFN) signaling and has been investigated as an immune-oncology therapeutic agent in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). Population PK analysis and sequential PK-PD analysis of serum M-protein (MP) as a primary marker of tumor burden in RRMM were conducted using dose escalation (Part 1) and dose expansion (Part 2) data from 96 RRMM patients enrolled in the Phase 1/2 iinnovate-1 trial. After exploring various structural PK models with different levels of mechanistic complexity, a Michaelis-Menten approximation model that included an anti-drug antibody (ADA) binding model adequately captured the nonlinear PK of modakafusp alfa and the apparent time-varying impact of ADA on the PK. Body weight was a significant predictor of central volume of distribution (exponent of 0.51) but was not predictive of elimination-related parameters given both catabolic and likely target-mediated elimination processes. Serum MP data from patients evaluable at baseline were adequately characterized using the Claret tumor growth inhibition and drug resistance model, with antitumor drug effect using an Emax model. The population PK and PK-PD modeling results supported model-informed drug development for modakafusp alfa, including the switch from weight-based to fixed dosing and the selection of two fixed doses for the randomized dose extension (Part 3) phase of the trial to inform future optimal dose selection, which is consistent with the Project Optimus paradigm.