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21. Treatment With Oral or Inhaled Treprostinil in Patients With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension and Cardiovascular Comorbidities.
作者: R James White.;Karim El-Kersh.;Stephan Rosenkranz.;Veronica Franco.;Carmine Dario Vizza.;Roberto Badagliacca.;Joanna Pepke-Zaba.;Jean Elwing.;Rahul G Argula.;Shelley Shapiro.;Hyoshin Kim.;Scott Seaman.;Eric Shen.;Manisit Das.;Meredith Broderick.;Vallerie McLaughlin.
来源: Chest. 2025年167卷6期1746-1758页
An increasing number of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) have cardiovascular comorbidities. However, the effects of comorbidities on responses to PAH treatment are not well understood.
22. Treatment of Acute Circulatory Failure Based on Carbon Dioxide-Oxygen (CO2-O2) Derived Indices: The Lactel Randomized Multicenter Study.
作者: Pierre-Grégoire Guinot.;Corentin Evezard.;Maxime Nguyen.;Sebastien Pili-Floury.;Vivien Berthoud.;Guillaume Besch.;Belaid Bouhemad.; .
来源: Chest. 2025年167卷4期1068-1078页
Acute circulatory failure is critical in patients in the ICU. Indices derived from oxygen and CO2 metabolism (CO2-O2-derived indices) including the central venous-to-arterial CO2 difference and central venous-to-arterial CO2 difference/arteriovenous oxygen content ratio are markers for global metabolic demand and tissue hypoxia.
23. Results of the Solriamfetol's Effect on Cognitive Health in Apnea Participants During a Randomized Placebo-Controlled Study (SHARP): A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Double-Blind Repeated-Measures Crossover Phase IV Clinical Trial of the Effect of the Wake-Promoting Agent Solriamfetol on Cognitive Function in OSA With Excessive Daytime Sleepiness and Cognitive Impairment.
作者: Hans P A Van Dongen.;Eileen B Leary.;Christopher Drake.;Richard Bogan.;Judith Jaeger.;Russell Rosenberg.;Caroline Streicher.;Herriot Tabuteau.
来源: Chest. 2025年167卷3期863-875页
OSA causes episodes of fragmented sleep and intermittent hypoxia and leads to excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS). Deficits in cognitive function are a troublesome symptom in patients with OSA and EDS.
24. Comparison of Clinically Meaningful Improvements After Center-Based and Home-Based Telerehabilitation in People With COPD.
作者: Narelle S Cox.;Christine McDonald.;Angela T Burge.;Catherine J Hill.;Janet Bondarenko.;Anne E Holland.
来源: Chest. 2025年167卷4期1003-1011页
Response to pulmonary rehabilitation is not equal for all participants and may vary across health outcomes for any one individual. Alternative methods of pulmonary rehabilitation delivery, for example, telerehabilitation, may improve program access, but also could affect response to rehabilitation.
25. Impact of Exclusive Mouth Route and Lateral Position on the Efficacy of Oronasal CPAP to Treat OSA in Patients With OSA Adapted to Oronasal Mask.
作者: Jeane Lima de Andrade Xavier.;Mariana Delgado Fernandes.;Rafaela Garcia Santos de Andrade.;Pedro R Genta.;Geraldo Lorenzi-Filho.
来源: Chest. 2025年167卷2期611-618页
Oronasal masks are used widely for treating OSA with CPAP. However, oronasal CPAP is associated with lower effectiveness and lower adherence than nasal CPAP.
26. A 1-Year Weight Management Program for Difficult-to-Treat Asthma With Obesity: A Randomized Controlled Study.
作者: Varun Sharma.;Helen Clare Ricketts.;Louise McCombie.;Naomi Brosnahan.;Luisa Crawford.;Lesley Slaughter.;Anna Goodfellow.;Femke Steffensen.;Rekha Chaudhuri.;Michael E J Lean.;Douglas C Cowan.
来源: Chest. 2025年167卷1期42-53页
Obesity-associated asthma results in increased morbidity and mortality. We report 1-year asthma outcomes with a weight management regimen, the Counterweight-Plus Programme (CWP), compared with usual care (UC) in a single-center, randomized controlled trial in patients with difficult-to-treat asthma and obesity.
27. Lower or Higher Oxygenation Targets in Patients With COVID-19 in the ICU: A Secondary Bayesian Analysis of the Handling Oxygenation Targets in COVID-19 Trial.
作者: Frederik Mølgaard Nielsen.;Thomas Lass Klitgaard.;Anders Granholm.;Theis Lange.;Anders Perner.;Olav Lilleholt Schjørring.;Bodil Steen Rasmussen.
来源: Chest. 2025年167卷3期757-767页
In the Handling Oxygenation Targets in COVID-19 (HOT-COVID) trial, a Pao2 target of 60 mm Hg compared with 90 mm Hg resulted in more days alive without life support at 90 days in adults in the ICU with COVID-19 and hypoxemia. The trial was stopped after enrolling 726 of 780 planned patients because of slow recruitment. Herein, we present the preplanned Bayesian analysis of the HOT-COVID trial.
28. Physiologic Comparison of Airway Pressure Release Ventilation and Low Tidal Volume Ventilation in ARDS: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
作者: Xiaojing Zou.;Hongling Zhang.;Yongran Wu.;Ruiting Li.;Xuehui Gao.;Azhen Wang.;Xin Zhao.;Xiaobo Yang.;Huaqing Shu.;Hong Qi.;Zhaohui Fu.;Shiying Yuan.;Yilei Ma.;Le Yang.;You Shang.;Zhanqi Zhao.
来源: Chest. 2025年167卷2期453-465页
The physiologic effects of different ventilation strategies on patients with ARDS need to be better understood.
29. Performance of Risk Assessment Models for VTE in Patients Who Are Critically Ill Receiving Pharmacologic Thromboprophylaxis: A Post Hoc Analysis of the Pneumatic Compression for Preventing VTE Trial.
作者: Hasan M Al-Dorzi.;Hatim Arishi.;Fahad M Al-Hameed.;Karen E A Burns.;Sangeeta Mehta.;Jesna Jose.;Sami J Alsolamy.;Sheryl Ann I Abdukahil.;Lara Y Afesh.;Mohammed S Alshahrani.;Yasser Mandourah.;Ghaleb A Almekhlafi.;Mohammed Almaani.;Ali Al Bshabshe.;Simon Finfer.;Zia Arshad.;Imran Khalid.;Yatin Mehta.;Atul Gaur.;Hassan Hawa.;Hergen Buscher.;Hani Lababidi.;Abdulsalam Al Aithan.;Abdulaziz Al-Dawood.;Yaseen M Arabi.; .
来源: Chest. 2025年167卷2期598-610页
The diagnostic performance of the available risk assessment models for VTE in patients who are critically ill receiving pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis is unclear.
30. Effect of Dual Phosphodiesterase 3 and 4 Inhibitor Ensifentrine on Exacerbation Rate and Risk in Patients With Moderate to Severe COPD.
作者: Frank C Sciurba.;Stephanie A Christenson.;Tara Rheault.;Thomas Bengtsson.;Kathleen Rickard.;Igor Z Barjaktarevic.
来源: Chest. 2025年167卷2期425-435页
Exacerbations in COPD can be life-threatening and can lead to irreversible declines in lung function and quality of life. Medications that reduce exacerbation burden are an unmet need, because exacerbations put patients at risk of more exacerbations and decrease quality of life. Ensifentrine is a first-in-class selective dual inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 3 and 4 with demonstrated nonsteroidal antiinflammatory activity and bronchodilatory effects.
31. The Responsiveness of Exercise Tests in COPD: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
作者: Theresa C Harvey-Dunstan.;Molly M Baldwin.;Ruth Tal-Singer.;Matthew Allinder.;Michael I Polkey.;Alan Hamilton.;Matthew Richardson.;Sarah A Edwards.;Michael C Steiner.;Mike D Morgan.;Sally J Singh.; .
来源: Chest. 2025年167卷1期98-111页
COPD is characterized by reduced exercise tolerance, and improving physical performance is an important therapeutic goal. A variety of exercise tests are commonly used to assess exercise tolerance, including laboratory and field-based tests. The responsiveness of these various tests to common COPD interventions is yet to be compared, but the results may inform test selection in clinical and research settings.
32. Nocturnal Cardiac Arrhythmias in Heart Failure With Obstructive and Central Sleep Apnea.
作者: Christian M Horvath.;Christoph Fisser.;John S Floras.;Samuel Sossalla.;Stella Wang.;George Tomlinson.;Fiona Rankin.;Shoichiro Yatsu.;Clodagh M Ryan.;T Douglas Bradley.;Michael Arzt.; .
来源: Chest. 2024年166卷6期1546-1556页
Both obstructive and central sleep apnea (CSA) may contribute to nocturnal cardiac arrhythmias (NCAs). Data are scarce regarding the prevalence of clinically important nocturnal atrial and ventricular arrythmias in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and OSA or CSA.
33. Decídetexto: Mobile Cessation Support for Latino Adults Who Smoke: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Francisco Cartujano-Barrera.;Lisa Sanderson Cox.;Delwyn Catley.;Xueya Cai.;Francisco J Diaz.;Evelyn Arana-Chicas.;Arlette Chávez-Iñiguez.;Chinwe Ogedegbe.;Kristi D Graves.;M Patricia Rivera.;Arturo Ponce.;Edward F Ellerbeck.;Ana Paula Cupertino.
来源: Chest. 2025年167卷2期619-629页
Latino adults experience multiple barriers to health care access and treatment that result in tobacco-related disparities. Mobile interventions have the potential to deliver smoking cessation treatment among Latino adults, who show the highest use rates of mobile technologies.
34. Effect of Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing on Clinical Outcomes of Patients With Severe Community-Acquired Pneumonia in the ICU: A Multicenter, Randomized Controlled Trial.
作者: Xiaojing Wu.;Ting Sun.;Hangyong He.;Lihua Xing.;Zhenshun Cheng.;Shuang Geng.;Dexiang Xu.;Hong Luo.;Cheng Chen.;Mingyan Jiang.;Guopeng Hou.;Tianshu Zhai.;Ying Cai.;Yijie Liu.;Junlu Li.;Lan Ni.;Xueying Li.;Binbin Qu.;Cheng Lei.;Yang Wang.;Zi Gu.;Peng Zhang.;Xu Huang.;Min Li.;Jingen Xia.;Lian He.;Qingyuan Zhan.
来源: Chest. 2025年167卷2期362-373页
Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) was previously established as a method that can increase the pathogen identification rate in patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia (SCAP).
35. Gravity- vs Wall Suction-Driven Large-Volume Thoracentesis: A Randomized Controlled Study.
作者: Samira Shojaee.;Jasleen Pannu.;Lonny Yarmus.;Alberto Fantin.;Christina MacRosty.;Roland Bassett.;Labib Debiane.;Zachary S DePew.;Saadia A Faiz.;Carlos A Jimenez.;Sameer K Avasarala.;Erik Vakil.;Andrew DeMaio.;Lara Bashoura.;Keerthana Keshava.;Travis Ferguson.;Roberto Adachi.;George A Eapen.;David E Ost.;Sami Bashour.;Asad Khan.;Vickie Shannon.;Ajay Sheshadri.;Roberto F Casal.;Scott E Evans.;Krystle Pew.;Nadia Castaldo.;Diwakar D Balachandran.;Vincenzo Patruno.;Robert Lentz.;Cheryl Pai.;Fabien Maldonado.;Lance Roller.;Junsheng Ma.;Jhankruti Zaveri.;Jenna Los.;Luis Vaquero.;Eva Ordonez.;Gulmira Yermakhanova.;Jason Akulian.;Cole Burks.;Roel-Rolando Almario.;Marie Sauve.;Jackson Pettee.;Laila Z Noor.;Muhammad H Arain.;Horiana B Grosu.
来源: Chest. 2024年166卷6期1573-1582页
Prior studies have found no differences in procedural chest discomfort for patients undergoing manual syringe aspiration or drainage with gravity after thoracentesis. However, whether gravity drainage could protect against chest pain due to the larger negative-pressure gradient generated by wall suction has not been investigated.
36. Dexmedetomidine for Reducing Mortality in Patients With Septic Shock: A Randomized Controlled Trial (DecatSepsis).
作者: Ahmed Ragab Ezz Al-Regal.;Eyad Ahmed Ramzy.;Amer Abd Allah Atia.;Moataz Maher Emara.
来源: Chest. 2024年166卷6期1394-1405页
Sepsis, especially septic shock, and its complications have been linked to the hyperadrenergic stress response.
37. Rethinking Blood Eosinophils for Assessing Inhaled Corticosteroids Response in COPD: A Post Hoc Analysis From the FLAME Trial.
作者: Alexander G Mathioudakis.;Sebastian Bate.;Pradeesh Sivapalan.;Jens-Ulrik Stæhr Jensen.;Dave Singh.;Jørgen Vestbo.
来源: Chest. 2024年166卷5期987-997页
The varied treatment response to inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) in patients with COPD and the associated increased risk of pneumonia necessitate a personalized ICS therapeutic approach. This is informed by blood eosinophil count (BEC), which predicts ICS treatment response. However, BEC appears to change in response to ICS treatment.
38. Comparing Bispectral Index Monitoring vs Clinical Assessment for Deep Sedation in the ICU: Effects on Delirium Reduction and Sedative Drug Doses-A Randomized Trial.
作者: Ivan Huespe.;Diego Giunta.;Katia Acosta.;Debora Avila.;Eduardo Prado.;Devang Sanghavi.;Indalecio Carboni Bisso.;Sergio Giannasi.;Federico C Carini.
来源: Chest. 2024年166卷4期733-742页
Sedative overdoses pose a risk of delirium among patients in the ICU, with potential mitigation through the use of a processed EEG monitor (the bispectral index [BIS]) to guide depth of sedation.
39. Neutrophil-Mediated Inflammatory Plasminogen Degradation, Rather Than High Plasminogen-Activator Inhibitor-1, May Underly Failures and Inefficiencies of Intrapleural Fibrinolysis.
作者: Christopher D Barrett.;Peter K Moore.;Ernest E Moore.;Hunter B Moore.;James G Chandler.;Halima Siddiqui.;Elizabeth R Maginot.;Angela Sauaia.;Angel Augusto Pérez-Calatayud.;Keely Buesing.;Jiashan Wang.;Cesar Davila-Chapa.;Daniel Hershberger.;Ivor Douglas.;Fredric M Pieracci.;Michael B Yaffe.
来源: Chest. 2025年167卷1期67-75页
Complex pleural space infections often require treatment with multiple doses of intrapleural tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and deoxyribonuclease, with treatment failure frequently necessitating surgery. Pleural infections are rich in neutrophils, and neutrophil elastase degrades plasminogen, the target substrate of tPA, that is required to generate fibrinolysis. We hypothesized that pleural fluid from patients with pleural space infection would show high elastase activity, evidence of inflammatory plasminogen degradation, and low fibrinolytic potential in response to tPA that could be rescued with plasminogen supplementation.
40. Image-Assısted Pleural Needle Biopsy or Medical Thoracoscopy: Which Method for Which Patient? A Randomızed Controlled Trial.
作者: Muzaffer Metintas.;Guntulu Ak.;Huseyin Yildirim.;Emine Dundar.;Nevin Aydin.;Sinan Erginel.;Fusun Alatas.;Senay Yilmaz.;Selma Metintas.
来源: Chest. 2024年166卷2期405-412页
Image-guided or assisted needle biopsies and the increasing use of medical thoracoscopy (MT) have increased the diagnostic accuracy of pleural diseases significantly. However, no consensus exists regarding which patients with pleural effusion should undergo MT and which patients should undergo image-guided or assisted needle biopsy as the first procedure to ensure greater diagnostic accuracy.
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