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3961. Percutaneous radio-frequency neurotomy for chronic cervical zygapophyseal-joint pain.
Chronic pain in the cervical zygapohyseal joints is a common problem after whiplash injury, but treatment is difficult. Percutaneous radiofrequency neurotomy can relieve the pain by denaturing the nerves innervating the painful joint, but the efficacy of this treatment has not been established.
3962. Effect of atenolol on mortality and cardiovascular morbidity after noncardiac surgery. Multicenter Study of Perioperative Ischemia Research Group.
Perioperative myocardial ischemia is the single most important potentially reversible risk factor for mortality and cardiovascular complications after noncardiac surgery. Although more than 1 million patients have such complications annually, there is no effective preventive therapy.
3963. Maternal viral load, zidovudine treatment, and the risk of transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 from mother to infant. Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol 076 Study Group.
作者: R S Sperling.;D E Shapiro.;R W Coombs.;J A Todd.;S A Herman.;G D McSherry.;M J O'Sullivan.;R B Van Dyke.;E Jimenez.;C Rouzioux.;P M Flynn.;J L Sullivan.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1996年335卷22期1621-9页
A placebo-controlled trial has shown that treatment with zidovudine reduces the rate at which human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is transmitted from mother to infant. We present data from that trial showing the number of infected infants at 18 months of age and the relation between the maternal viral load, the risk of HIV-1 transmission, and the efficacy of zidovudine treatment. Viral cultures were obtained, and HIV-1 RNA was measured by two assays in samples of maternal blood obtained at study entry and at delivery.
3964. Controlled trial of interleukin-2 infusions in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus.
作者: J A Kovacs.;S Vogel.;J M Albert.;J Falloon.;R T Davey.;R E Walker.;M A Polis.;K Spooner.;J A Metcalf.;M Baseler.;G Fyfe.;H C Lane.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1996年335卷18期1350-6页
Interleukin-2 is a cytokine that regulates the proliferation and differentiation of lymphocytes. In preliminary studies, intermittent infusions of interleukin-2 led to increases in CD4 counts in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and more than 200 CD4 cells per cubic millimeter. We conducted a controlled study to evaluate the long-term effects of such therapy on both CD4 counts and the viral burden.
3965. Cardiac-specific troponin I levels to predict the risk of mortality in patients with acute coronary syndromes.
作者: E M Antman.;M J Tanasijevic.;B Thompson.;M Schactman.;C H McCabe.;C P Cannon.;G A Fischer.;A Y Fung.;C Thompson.;D Wybenga.;E Braunwald.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1996年335卷18期1342-9页
In patients with acute coronary syndromes, it is desirable to identify a sensitive serum marker that is closely related to the degree of myocardial damage, provides prognostic information, and can be measured rapidly. We studied the prognostic value of cardiac troponin I levels in patients with unstable angina or non-Q-wave myocardial infarction.
3966. Cardiac troponin T levels for risk stratification in acute myocardial ischemia. GUSTO IIA Investigators.
作者: E M Ohman.;P W Armstrong.;R H Christenson.;C B Granger.;H A Katus.;C W Hamm.;M A O'Hanesian.;G S Wagner.;N S Kleiman.;F E Harrell.;R M Califf.;E J Topol.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1996年335卷18期1333-41页
The prognosis of patients hospitalized with acute myocardial ischemia is quite variable. We examined the value of serum levels of cardiac troponin T, serum creatine kinase MB (CK-MB) levels, and electrocardiographic abnormalities for risk stratification in patients with acute myocardial ischemia.
3967. The effects of preparations of human chorionic gonadotropin on AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma.
作者: P S Gill.;Y Lunardi-Ishkandar.;S Louie.;A Tulpule.;T Zheng.;B M Espina.;J M Besnier.;P Hermans.;A M Levine.;J L Bryant.;R C Gallo.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1996年335卷17期1261-9页
Kaposi's sarcoma is the most common cancer in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Recently, certain preparations of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) have been shown to inhibit the growth of Kaposi's sarcoma cell lines in vitro and in immunodeficient mice.
3968. Effect of amlodipine on morbidity and mortality in severe chronic heart failure. Prospective Randomized Amlodipine Survival Evaluation Study Group.
作者: M Packer.;C M O'Connor.;J K Ghali.;M L Pressler.;P E Carson.;R N Belkin.;A B Miller.;G W Neuberg.;D Frid.;J H Wertheimer.;A B Cropp.;D L DeMets.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1996年335卷15期1107-14页
Previous studies have shown that calcium-channel blockers increase morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic heart failure. We studied the effect of a new calcium-channel blocker, amlodipine, in patients with severe chronic heart failure.
3969. Zidovudine alone or in combination with didanosine or zalcitabine in HIV-infected patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or fewer than 200 CD4 cells per cubic millimeter. Investigators for the Terry Beirn Community Programs for Clinical Research on AIDS.
作者: L D Saravolatz.;D L Winslow.;G Collins.;J S Hodges.;C Pettinelli.;D S Stein.;N Markowitz.;R Reves.;M O Loveless.;L Crane.;M Thompson.;D Abrams.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1996年335卷15期1099-106页
We compared two combinations of nucleosides with zidovudine alone in patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.
3970. The relation of virologic and immunologic markers to clinical outcomes after nucleoside therapy in HIV-infected adults with 200 to 500 CD4 cells per cubic millimeter. AIDS Clinical Trials Group Study 175 Virology Study Team.
作者: D A Katzenstein.;S M Hammer.;M D Hughes.;H Gundacker.;J B Jackson.;S Fiscus.;S Rasheed.;T Elbeik.;R Reichman.;A Japour.;T C Merigan.;M S Hirsch.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1996年335卷15期1091-8页
We studied measures of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication, the viral phenotype, and immune function (CD4 cell counts) and the relation of changes in these indicators to clinical outcomes in a subgroup of patients in a controlled trial of early antiretroviral treatment for HIV, the AIDS Clinical Trials Group Study 175.
3971. A trial comparing nucleoside monotherapy with combination therapy in HIV-infected adults with CD4 cell counts from 200 to 500 per cubic millimeter. AIDS Clinical Trials Group Study 175 Study Team.
作者: S M Hammer.;D A Katzenstein.;M D Hughes.;H Gundacker.;R T Schooley.;R H Haubrich.;W K Henry.;M M Lederman.;J P Phair.;M Niu.;M S Hirsch.;T C Merigan.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1996年335卷15期1081-90页
This double-blind study evaluated treatment with either a single nucleoside or two nucleosides in adults infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) whose CD4 cell counts were from 200 to 500 per cubic millimeter.
3973. The effect of pravastatin on coronary events after myocardial infarction in patients with average cholesterol levels. Cholesterol and Recurrent Events Trial investigators.
作者: F M Sacks.;M A Pfeffer.;L A Moye.;J L Rouleau.;J D Rutherford.;T G Cole.;L Brown.;J W Warnica.;J M Arnold.;C C Wun.;B R Davis.;E Braunwald.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1996年335卷14期1001-9页
In patients with high cholesterol levels, lowering the cholesterol level reduces the risk of coronary events, but the effect of lowering cholesterol levels in the majority of patients with coronary disease, who have average levels, is less clear.
3974. Gabexate for the prevention of pancreatic damage related to endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Gabexate in digestive endoscopy--Italian Group.
作者: G Cavallini.;A Tittobello.;L Frulloni.;E Masci.;A Mariana.;V Di Francesco.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1996年335卷13期919-23页
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is associated with elevated levels of pancreatic enzymes and pancreatitis. Gabexate, a protease inhibitor, has been used to prevent pancreatic damage related to ERCP.
3975. The effect of the ingestion of ethanol on obstruction of the left ventricular outflow tract in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
作者: R Paz.;R Jortner.;P A Tunick.;S Sclarovsky.;B Eilat.;J L Perez.;I Kronzon.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1996年335卷13期938-41页
Ethanol causes vasodilation, which might have an adverse effect, due to increased obstruction of the left ventricular outflow tract, in patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. We assessed the hemodynamic effects of the ingestion of ethanol, in an amount commonly consumed socially, in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
3976. Long-term treatment of girls with ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency.
Ornithine transcarbamylase is an X-linked mitochondrial enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of citrulline from carbamoyl phosphate and ornithine. A deficiency of this enzyme leads to hyperammonemia and hyperglutaminemia. In boys the disease is often fatal when its onset occurs during the neonatal period, but it is milder when onset occurs later in childhood. Heterozygous girls may be normal or may have episodes of hyperammonemic encephalopathy and decline in cognitive function. We report here on the long-term outcome in girls with ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency enrolled in studies of treatments designed to activate new pathways of waste-nitrogen excretion.
3977. Comparison of regularly scheduled with as-needed use of albuterol in mild asthma. Asthma Clinical Research Network.
作者: J M Drazen.;E Israel.;H A Boushey.;V M Chinchilli.;J V Fahy.;J E Fish.;S C Lazarus.;R F Lemanske.;R J Martin.;S P Peters.;C Sorkness.;S J Szefler.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1996年335卷12期841-7页
Inhaled beta-agonists are the most commonly used treatment for asthma, but data suggest that regularly scheduled use of these agents may have deleterious effect on the control of asthma. We compared the effects of regularly scheduled use of inhaled albuterol with those of albuterol used only as needed in patients with mild chronic, stable asthma.
3978. A comparison of recombinant hirudin with heparin for the treatment of acute coronary syndromes.
Thrombin has a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of acute coronary thrombosis. We compared the clinical efficacy of a potent, direct thrombin inhibitor, recombinant hirudin, with that of heparin (an indirect antithrombin agent) in patients with unstable angina or acute myocardial infarction.
3979. Partial liquid ventilation with perflubron in premature infants with severe respiratory distress syndrome. The LiquiVent Study Group.
作者: C L Leach.;J S Greenspan.;S D Rubenstein.;T H Shaffer.;M R Wolfson.;J C Jackson.;R DeLemos.;B P Fuhrman.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1996年335卷11期761-7页
The intratracheal administration of a perfluorocarbon liquid during continuous positive-pressure ventilation (partial liquid ventilation) improves lung function in animals with surfactant deficiency. Whether partial liquid ventilation is effective in the treatment of infants with severe respiratory distress syndrome is not known.
3980. A comparison of low-dose heparin with low-molecular-weight heparin as prophylaxis against venous thromboembolism after major trauma.
作者: W H Geerts.;R M Jay.;K I Code.;E Chen.;J P Szalai.;E A Saibil.;P A Hamilton.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1996年335卷10期701-7页
Patients who have had major trauma are at very high risk for venous thromboembolism if they do not receive thromboprophylaxis. We compared low-dose heparin and a low-molecular-weight heparin with regard to efficacy and safety in a randomized clinical trial in patients with trauma.
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