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3821. Early pregnancy termination with mifepristone and misoprostol in the United States.
Mifepristone and a prostaglandin have been used successfully to terminate pregnancy in Europe and China. We report the results of a large U.S. study of mifepristone and misoprostol in women with pregnancies of up to nine weeks' duration.
3822. Topical treatment with nerve growth factor for corneal neurotrophic ulcers.
Corneal neurotrophic ulcers associated with impairment of sensory innervation of the cornea may lead to loss of vision, and there is no effective treatment for these ulcers. We evaluated the effects of nerve growth factor in patients with this disorder.
3823. Hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation in globoid-cell leukodystrophy.
作者: W Krivit.;E G Shapiro.;C Peters.;J E Wagner.;G Cornu.;J Kurtzberg.;D A Wenger.;E H Kolodny.;M T Vanier.;D J Loes.;K Dusenbery.;L A Lockman.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1998年338卷16期1119-26页
Globoid-cell leukodystrophy is caused by a deficiency of galactocerebrosidase, which results in progressive central nervous system deterioration. We investigated whether allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation can provide a source of leukocyte galactocerebrosidase and thereby prevent the decline of central nervous system function in patients with the disease.
3824. A multicenter trial of two dexamethasone regimens in ventilator-dependent premature infants.
作者: L A Papile.;J E Tyson.;B J Stoll.;L L Wright.;E F Donovan.;C R Bauer.;H Krause-Steinrauf.;J Verter.;S B Korones.;J A Lemons.;A A Fanaroff.;D K Stevenson.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1998年338卷16期1112-8页
Ventilator-dependent premature infants are often treated with dexamethasone. However, the optimal timing of therapy is unknown.
3825. A comparison of recombinant urokinase with vascular surgery as initial treatment for acute arterial occlusion of the legs. Thrombolysis or Peripheral Arterial Surgery (TOPAS) Investigators.
Recent controlled trials suggest that thrombolytic therapy may be an effective initial treatment for acute arterial occlusion of the legs. A major potential benefit of initial thrombolytic therapy is that limb ischemia can be managed with less invasive interventions.
3826. Quality of life and clinical outcomes in elderly patients treated with ventricular pacing as compared with dual-chamber pacing. Pacemaker Selection in the Elderly Investigators.
作者: G A Lamas.;E J Orav.;B S Stambler.;K A Ellenbogen.;E B Sgarbossa.;S K Huang.;R A Marinchak.;N A Estes.;G F Mitchell.;E H Lieberman.;C M Mangione.;L Goldman.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1998年338卷16期1097-104页
Standard clinical practice permits the use of either single-chamber ventricular pacemakers or dual-chamber pacemakers for most patients who require cardiac pacing. Ventricular pacemakers are less expensive, but dual-chamber pacemakers are believed to be more physiologic. However, it is not known whether either type of pacemaker results in superior clinical outcomes.
3827. Reduction of plasma homocyst(e)ine levels by breakfast cereal fortified with folic acid in patients with coronary heart disease.
作者: M R Malinow.;P B Duell.;D L Hess.;P H Anderson.;W D Kruger.;B E Phillipson.;R A Gluckman.;P C Block.;B M Upson.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1998年338卷15期1009-15页
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has recommended that cereal-grain products be fortified with folic acid to prevent congenital neural-tube defects. Since folic acid supplementation reduces levels of plasma homocyst(e)ine, or plasma total homocysteine, which are frequently elevated in arterial occlusive disease, we hypothesized that folic acid fortification might reduce plasma homocyst(e)ine levels.
3828. Screening of maternal serum for fetal Down's syndrome in the first trimester.
作者: J E Haddow.;G E Palomaki.;G J Knight.;J Williams.;W A Miller.;A Johnson.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1998年338卷14期955-61页
Screening of maternal serum to identify fetuses with Down's syndrome is now routinely offered during the second trimester of pregnancy. Prenatal screening by means of serum assays or ultrasonographic measurements, either alone or in combination, may also be possible in the first trimester.
3829. Effect of reperfusion on biventricular function and survival after right ventricular infarction.
作者: T R Bowers.;W W O'Neill.;C Grines.;M C Pica.;R D Safian.;J A Goldstein.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1998年338卷14期933-40页
Although the salutary effects of reperfusion in patients with left ventricular infarction are well documented, the benefits in patients with acute right ventricular infarction are less clear.
3830. Efficacy and metabolic effects of metformin and troglitazone in type II diabetes mellitus.
作者: S E Inzucchi.;D G Maggs.;G R Spollett.;S L Page.;F S Rife.;V Walton.;G I Shulman.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1998年338卷13期867-72页
Combination therapy is logical for patients with non-insulin-dependent (type 2) diabetes mellitus, because they often have poor responses to single-drug therapy. We studied the efficacy and physiologic effects of metformin and troglitazone alone and in combination in patients with type 2 diabetes.
3831. Effect of troglitazone in insulin-treated patients with type II diabetes mellitus. Troglitazone and Exogenous Insulin Study Group.
Troglitazone is a new oral antidiabetic drug that increases the sensitivity of peripheral tissues to insulin. It may therefore increase the efficacy of exogenous insulin in patients with insulin-resistant diabetes mellitus.
3832. A comparison of sucralfate and ranitidine for the prevention of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients requiring mechanical ventilation. Canadian Critical Care Trials Group.
作者: D Cook.;G Guyatt.;J Marshall.;D Leasa.;H Fuller.;R Hall.;S Peters.;F Rutledge.;L Griffith.;A McLellan.;G Wood.;A Kirby.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1998年338卷12期791-7页
Critically ill patients who require mechanical ventilation are at increased risk for gastrointestinal bleeding from stress ulcers. There are conflicting data on the effect of histamine H2-receptor antagonists and the cytoprotective agent sucralfate on rates of gastrointestinal bleeding, ventilator-associated pneumonia, and mortality.
3833. The effect of an endothelin-receptor antagonist, bosentan, on blood pressure in patients with essential hypertension. Bosentan Hypertension Investigators.
Endothelin is a powerful vasoconstrictor peptide derived from the endothelium. We evaluated the contribution of endothelin to blood-pressure regulation in patients with essential hypertension by studying the effect of an endothelin-receptor antagonist, bosentan.
3834. Omeprazole compared with misoprostol for ulcers associated with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. Omeprazole versus Misoprostol for NSAID-induced Ulcer Management (OMNIUM) Study Group.
作者: C J Hawkey.;J A Karrasch.;L Szczepañski.;D G Walker.;A Barkun.;A J Swannell.;N D Yeomans.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1998年338卷11期727-34页
Misoprostol is effective for ulcers associated with the use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) but is often poorly tolerated because of diarrhea and abdominal pain. We compared the efficacy of omeprazole and misoprostol in healing and preventing ulcers associated with NSAIDs.
3835. A comparison of omeprazole with ranitidine for ulcers associated with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. Acid Suppression Trial: Ranitidine versus Omeprazole for NSAID-associated Ulcer Treatment (ASTRONAUT) Study Group.
作者: N D Yeomans.;Z Tulassay.;L Juhász.;I Rácz.;J M Howard.;C J van Rensburg.;A J Swannell.;C J Hawkey.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1998年338卷11期719-26页
Suppressing acid secretion is thought o reduce the risk of ulcers associated with regular use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), but the best means of accomplishing this is uncertain.
3836. Low-dose aspirin to prevent preeclampsia in women at high risk. National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Network of Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units.
作者: S Caritis.;B Sibai.;J Hauth.;M D Lindheimer.;M Klebanoff.;E Thom.;P VanDorsten.;M Landon.;R Paul.;M Miodovnik.;P Meis.;G Thurnau.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1998年338卷11期701-5页
Whether low-dose aspirin prevents preeclampsia is unclear. It is not recommended as prophylaxis in women at low risk for preeclampsia but may reduce the incidence of the disease in women at high risk.
3837. The effect of nisoldipine as compared with enalapril on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes and hypertension.
作者: R O Estacio.;B W Jeffers.;W R Hiatt.;S L Biggerstaff.;N Gifford.;R W Schrier.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1998年338卷10期645-52页
It has recently been reported that the use of calcium-channel blockers for hypertension may be associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular complications. Because this issue remains controversial, we studied the incidence of such complications in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and hypertension who were randomly assigned to treatment with either the calcium-channel blocker nisoldipine or the angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor enalapril as part of a larger study.
3838. The effect of finasteride on the risk of acute urinary retention and the need for surgical treatment among men with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Finasteride Long-Term Efficacy and Safety Study Group.
作者: J D McConnell.;R Bruskewitz.;P Walsh.;G Andriole.;M Lieber.;H L Holtgrewe.;P Albertsen.;C G Roehrborn.;J C Nickel.;D Z Wang.;A M Taylor.;J Waldstreicher.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1998年338卷9期557-63页
Finasteride is known to improve urinary symptoms in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia, but the extent to which the benefit is sustained and whether finasteride reduces the incidence of related events, including the need for surgery and the development of acute urinary retention, is not known.
3839. Conventional compared with individualized chemotherapy for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
作者: W E Evans.;M V Relling.;J H Rodman.;W R Crom.;J M Boyett.;C H Pui.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1998年338卷8期499-505页
The rate of clearance of antileukemic agents differs by a factor of 3 to 10 among children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. We hypothesized that the outcome of treatment would be improved if doses were individualized to prevent low systemic exposure to the drugs in patients with fast drug clearance.
3840. Antenatal thyrotropin-releasing hormone to prevent lung disease in preterm infants. North American Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone Study Group.
作者: R A Ballard.;P L Ballard.;A Cnaan.;J Pinto-Martin.;D J Davis.;J F Padbury.;R H Phibbs.;J T Parer.;M C Hart.;F L Mannino.;S K Sawai.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1998年338卷8期493-8页
Pulmonary disease is common in preterm infants, despite antenatal glucocorticoid therapy. The addition of antenatal thyrotropin-releasing hormone therapy has been reported to decrease pulmonary morbidity in these infants.
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