This study aimed to decipher the intricate interplay between the immune landscape and CRC pathogenesis, elucidating how distinct immunophenotypes causally influence disease susceptibility and stratify patient outcomes.

Antibiotics are currently the primary treatment of Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile) infection. Yet, due to rapid development of resistance and high recurrences rates, there is an unmet need for new antimicrobials for C. difficile infections. This study assessed the in vitro susceptibility of clinical isolates from Israel to two recently developed antibiotics, ridinilazole (RDZ) and ibezapolstat (IBZ), and to standard-of-care antibiotics.

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is the main cause of the most frequent gastroduodenal diseases and gastric atrophy, with or without intestinal metaplasia, which predisposes to gastric cancer development. Gastric juice analysis may be useful in diagnosing these conditions, revealing the H. pylori infection and hypochlorhydria status by measuring ammonium concentrations and pH levels. EndoFaster® is a device introduced to perform these analyses on gastric juice in real-time. The available data showed very high negative predictive values in ruling out the infection and corpus atrophic gastritis, thereby potentially reducing the need for gastric biopsies when test results are negative. This review aims to assess the potential role of EndoFaster® in supporting the diagnosis of H. pylori infection, detecting gastric precancerous lesions, and other specific clinical applications, potentially reducing unnecessary gastric biopsies.

Advanced liver disease is a global health challenge which requires a timely and accurate diagnosis for optimal patient management. Traditionally, liver biopsy has been the gold standard for diagnosing and staging liver diseases; however, its invasiveness and associated risks, including bleeding, infection, and sampling errors, limit its utility. Non-invasive tests (NITs) have emerged as critical tools in liver disease evaluation, offering safe and effective alternatives to biopsy. This review explores the spectrum of NITs, highlighting their benefits, limitations, and clinical applications in specific liver diseases. NITs have demonstrated significant utility in monitoring chronic viral hepatitis, metabolic-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), and cholestatic liver diseases, reducing the need for invasive procedures. While further refinement and validation are needed, NITs represent a major advancement in liver disease management, enhancing early diagnosis, monitoring treatment response, and improving patient outcomes. This review delves into the various non-invasive tests employed in liver disease evaluation, emphasizing their benefits, limitations, and clinical applications. By examining the current landscape of NITs, we aim to elucidate how these advancements are revolutionizing the diagnosis and management of liver diseases, ultimately enhancing patient care and outcomes.

Artificial intelligence (AI) will fundamentally improve how we perform clinical trials by addressing issues of standardizing disease scoring, improving the sensitivity and precision of activity and phenotype assessments, and automating laborious and time-consuming study functions. Progress in AI image analysis is quickly proving to replicate expert judgment in endoscopy, histology, and cross-sectional imaging with speed, reproducibility, and reduced bias. However, AI analytics offer the ability to quantify disease characteristics with more detail and precision than human experts. Large language models and generative AI are automating the collection of high-quality data from electronic records and improving our ability to predict patient outcomes. This narrative review will focus on AI tools available today, their expected implementation, and future-facing opportunities for AI to reimagine inflammatory bowel disease clinical trials.

Immunotherapy has shown promising results in cancer treatment; however, it remains largely ineffective for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). N6-methyladenosine (m6A), known for its crucial role in cancer biology, is not yet fully understood regarding immune evasion. This study aims to elucidate the associations and mechanisms linking m6A modification with immune evasion in PDAC and propose strategies for clinical intervention.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with liver fibrosis is associated with liver-related mortality and cardiovascular disease. Estimated glucose disposal rate (eGDR), which is an insulin resistance-related index, is related to the mortality caused by NAFLD. This study aimed to investigate the predictive value of eGDR for liver fibrosis in patients with NAFLD.

Gallstones are a common disease that imposes a significant burden on public health resources. Sarcopenia is an age-related condition characterized by a decline in muscle mass, strength, and function. However, its relationship with gallstones remains unclear.

Gastric cancer, characterized by rising global incidence and mortality, faces significant challenges due to the lack of effective early detection methods, delaying timely interventions and underscoring the need for novel biomarkers. Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP), implicated in cancers such as lung, colon, and cervical cancer, has emerged as a promising candidate. However, its specific roles and mechanisms in gastric cancer remain unclear, necessitating further investigation.

Despite significant advances in prevention and early detection, colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Inadequate adherence and/or lack of knowledge of guidelines have shown to prevent adequate screening and surveillance recommendations and hinder effective screening programs.

To investigate the prognostic value of intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) among patients with orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT).

Clinically active inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is associated with an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, the validity of clinical scores to assess antenatal disease activity is questionable. We aimed to assess whether active disease defined by intestinal ultrasound (IUS) may predict adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Chronic diarrhea (CD), a common chronic condition resulting from various mechanisms, has chronic inflammation as a primary determinant. Despite recent research exploring the potential mechanisms linking lipids and diarrhea, clinical studies on the relationship between lipids and the onset of CD are limited. This study aimed to investigate the association between the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and CD risk.

Waist circumference (WC) and body mass index (BMI) are considered useful for the diagnosis of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). This study aimed to investigate the association between the body roundness index (BRI) and a body shape index (ABSI) with incident MASLD, in comparison to WC and BMI.

Diagnosing and assessing Crohn's disease, which involves only the small bowel, is challenging. This study investigated the clinical value of combining double balloon enteroscopy with endoscopic ultrasound to evaluate this disease.